<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><sec id="j_1905-7415.0902.393_s_003_w2aab3b7c16b1b6b1aab1c17b1Aa"><h3>Background</h3><p>Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) is characterized by a thin or interrupted pituitary stalk, impairing delivery of hypothalamic hormones to the pituitary, and anterior pituitary dysplasia.</p></sec><sec id="j_1905-7415.0902.393_s_004_w2aab3b7c16b1b6b1aab1c17b2Aa"><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To summarize the manifestations and treatment of PSIS.</p></sec><sec id="j_1905-7415.0902.393_s_005_w2aab3b7c16b1b6b1aab1c17b3Aa"><h3>Methods</h3><p>We performed a meta-analysis of PSIS research published between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2013. Chinese databases were searched using the terms “pituitary stalk interruption syndrome”, “PSIS”, and “vertebral handle interrupts syndrome”; and results limited to clinical studies. Age of onset and diagnosis, sex, symptoms at presentation, main clinical signs, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), laboratory results, and other data were extracted from qualifying studies.</p></sec><sec id="j_1905-7415.0902.393_s_006_w2aab3b7c16b1b6b1aab1c17b4Aa"><h3>Results</h3><p>We included 311 cases from 33 papers in the meta-analysis. The male:female ratio was 257:54, and 183 of the 311 patients had a history of abnormal birth or cerebral hypoxia. MRI showed 239 cases of missing and 62 cases of tapered pituitary stalk. Multiple pituitary hormone deficiency was identified in 190 cases, and single growth hormone deficiency in 75. There were significant associations between missing pituitary stalk and multiple pituitary hormone deficiency, and pituitary stalk tapering and single hormone deficiency (<italic>P</italic> &lt; 0.01). The clinical signs included growth retardation and the absence or delay in development of secondary sexual characteristics. Therapy was usually inadequate, with only 12 patients (3.86%) undergoing growth hormone replacement.</p></sec><sec id="j_1905-7415.0902.393_s_007_w2aab3b7c16b1b6b1aab1c17b5Aa"><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Abnormal delivery and cerebral hypoxia may be important causes of PSIS, and MRI is valuable for its diagnosis. Measuring the levels of pituitary hormones is necessary for timely diagnosis and treatment.</p></sec></abstract>

BackgroundPituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) is characterized by a thin or interrupted pituitary stalk, impairing delivery of hypothalamic hormones to the pituitary, and anterior pituitary dysplasia.ObjectivesTo summarize the manifestations and treatment of PSIS.MethodsWe performed a meta-analysis of PSIS research published between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2013. Chinese databases were searched using the terms “pituitary stalk interruption syndrome”, “PSIS”, and “vertebral handle interrupts syndrome”; and results limited to clinical studies. Age of onset and diagnosis, sex, symptoms at presentation, main clinical signs, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), laboratory results, and other data were extracted from qualifying studies.ResultsWe included 311 cases from 33 papers in the meta-analysis. The male:female ratio was 257:54, and 183 of the 311 patients had a history of abnormal birth or cerebral hypoxia. MRI showed 239 cases of missing and 62 cases of tapered pituitary stalk. Multiple pituitary hormone deficiency was identified in 190 cases, and single growth hormone deficiency in 75. There were significant associations between missing pituitary stalk and multiple pituitary hormone deficiency, and pituitary stalk tapering and single hormone deficiency (P < 0.01). The clinical signs included growth retardation and the absence or delay in development of secondary sexual characteristics. Therapy was usually inadequate, with only 12 patients (3.86%) undergoing growth hormone replacement.ConclusionsAbnormal delivery and cerebral hypoxia may be important causes of PSIS, and MRI is valuable for its diagnosis. Measuring the levels of pituitary hormones is necessary for timely diagnosis and treatment.

Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome: a case report and review of the literature

Department of Endocrinology and Rheumatism

Asian Biomedicine

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

BackgroundPituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) is characterized by a thin or interrupted pituitary stalk, impairing delivery of hypothalamic hormones...

No First author	Published time	Research location	Time of data	Methods	No. of cases
1 Liu et al. [10]	2004/06	Shandong	2003	Case report	1
2 Zhao et al. [11]	2005/06	Nanjing	2003	Case report	1
3 Fang et al. [12]	2007/01	Guangdong	2007	MRI diagnosis	3
4 Tian et al. [13]	2007/09	Shandong	2003–2006	MRI diagnosis	10
5 Cheng et al. [14]	2008/06	Beijing	2005–2007	MRI and clinic	14
6 Li et al. [15]	2008/11	Guangzhou	2007	MRI diagnosis	4
7 Zheng et al. [16]	2009/03	Beijing	2007	Case report	1
8 Tu et al. [17]	2009/06	Anhui	2006–2008	MRI diagnosis	9
9 Xie et al. [18]	2009/10	Jiangxi	2005–2007	MRI and clinic	15/38
10 Rong et al. [19]	2010/06	Hebei	2010	Case report	1
11 Sang et al. [20]	2010/06	Henan	2009	Clinical analysis	8
12 Ren et al. [21]	2010/07	Ningbo, Zhejiang	2009	MRI diagnosis	3
13 Zheng et al. [22]	2010/10	Shandong	2009	Case report	1
14 Quan et al. [23]	2010/09	Hainan	2008	Case report	1
15 Lu et al. [24]	2010/12	Jiangsu	2009	Case report	1
16 Lai et al. [25]	2011/02	Liaoning	2010	Case report	1
17 Pan et al. [26]	2011/02	Beijing	2001–2010	MRI diagnosis	31
18 Lu et al. [27]	2011/02	Guangdong	Unknown	MRI diagnosis	14
19 Zheng et al. [28]	2011/04	Hangzhou, Zhejiang	2009	Nursing care	1
20 Liu et al. [29]	2011/05	Beijing	2005–2010	MRI diagnosis	18
21 Dong et al. [30]	2011/02	Tianjin	2010	Case report	1
22 Zheng et al. [31]	2011/11	Anhui	Unknown	Case report	1
23 Shu et al. [32]	2012/06	Nanchang, Jiangxi	2002–2009	Clinical study	53
24 Wu et al. [33]	2012/01	Zhengzhou, Henan	Unknown	Case report	1
25 Zhang et al. [34]	2012/02	Guangdong	Unknown	Case report	1
26 Chen et al. [35]	2012/02	Beijing	1997–2011	Clinical study	36
27 Wan et al. [36]	2012-4	Xiehe, Beijing	2010/7–2011/3	Clinical analysis	3/1
28 Cao et al. [37]	2012	Guangzhou Military Hospital	2011/8	Case report	1
29 Wang et al. [38]	2012	Hubei	2005/11–2007/3	MRI and clinic	13/1
30 Li et al. [39]	2013/01	Pingdingshan, Henan	2003–2012	MRI diagnosis	8/1
31 Liang et al. [40]	2010/10	Guangdong	Unknown	Clinical study	5/2
32 Wang et al. [41]	2010/04	Hangzhou, Zhejiang	2008/1–2009/6	Clinical analysis	9/4
33 Ye et al. [42]	2008/05	Fudan, Shanghai	2005–2007	Clinical diagnosis	4/1

Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome: a case report and review of the literature

Article Category: Clinical report

Published Online: Jan 31, 2017

Page range: 237 - 243

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5372/1905-7415.0902.393

Keywords
Abnormal parturition, case report, cerebral anoxia, newborn, pituitary stalk interruption syndrome

© 2017 Yan Zhang, Changbin Quan, Weimin Li, Liying Chen, Xiaoyan Song, Jianbin Xu, Guangqing Zhu

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Chinese database search results

Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome: a case report and review of the literature

Article Category: Clinical report

Published Online: Jan 31, 2017

Page range: 237 - 243

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5372/1905-7415.0902.393

KeywordsAbnormal parturition, case report, cerebral anoxia, newborn, pituitary stalk interruption syndrome

© 2017 Yan Zhang, Changbin Quan, Weimin Li, Liying Chen, Xiaoyan Song, Jianbin Xu, Guangqing Zhu

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Chinese database search results

Keywords
Abnormal parturition, case report, cerebral anoxia, newborn, pituitary stalk interruption syndrome