Geotechnical Investigation of Borrow Pit as a Subgrade Material for Road Construction at Victor Attah International Airport, Uyo, Nigeria

One of the mass prompt practices of soils is for engineering projects such as the construction of roads, buildings, dams, and so on. Therefore, suitability of index and mechanical properties needs to be investigated. This study aims to determine the essential quality material required for road construction, thereby poses détente prospect for the disposal of ineffectual atrophy generated on sites. Such materials are classified into index and mechanical properties. Six subgrade samples were taken at the depth to bottom ranging from (1.0-5.0) m and tested. The sample was subdued to the laboratory tests, such as Sieve Analysis, Atterberg limits, compaction, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), and Specific Gravity (SG) respectively. The mechanical analysis which involved particle size distribution revealed that the subgrade was finely grated with a limit of ≤35% for subgrade passing sieve No. 200 (0.075 mm) with 29.1%, with an average Natural Moist Content (NMC) of 13.9%. The Maximum Dry Density (MDD) and Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) were 1.83 mg/m³ and 11.5%. The index analysis involved the liquid and plastic limits determination of Liquid Limit (LL) of 35.8%, Plastic Limit (PL) of 24.0%, and a Plasticity Index (PI) of 12%. California Bearing Ratio (CBR) results were 20.3% (soaked). The SG test results ranged from (2.68-2.94) kg/m³, employing the American Association of State Highway and Transport Officials (AASHTO) system of soil classification. The AASHTO grouped the materials into A-1, subgroups A-1-b and A-2-4 constituting 50% and 29.1%, with significant materials composed of stone fragments and sand rating the subgrade samples as excellent to good materials suitable for road construction.