Solving a Problem With or Without a Program

Albus, J. S. 1991. Outline for a Theory of Intelligence. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics 21(3):473–509.10.1109/21.97471Search in Google Scholar

Anderson, J. R. 1983. The Architecture of Cognition. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Aristotle. 1882. The Organon, or, Logical treatises of Aristotle. London: George Bell. Translated by O. F. Owen.Search in Google Scholar

Arkin, R. C. 1998. Behavior-Based Robotics. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. Search in Google Scholar

Baum, E. B. 2004. What is Thought? Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.10.7551/mitpress/7210.001.0001Search in Google Scholar

Boden, M. A. 1991. The Creative Mind. New York: BasicBooks.Search in Google Scholar

Bratman, M. E.; Israel, D. J.; and Pollack, M. E. 1988. Plans and resource-bounded practical reasoning. Computational Intelligence 4(4):349–355.10.1111/j.1467-8640.1988.tb00284.xSearch in Google Scholar

Bringsjord, S., and Arkoudas, K. 2004. The modal argument for hypercomputing minds. Theoretical Computer Science 317:167–190.10.1016/j.tcs.2003.12.010Search in Google Scholar

Brooks, R. A. 1991. Intelligence without representation. Artificial Intelligence 47:139–159.10.1016/0004-3702(91)90053-MSearch in Google Scholar

Cormen, T. H.; Leiserson, C. E.; Rivest, R. L.; and Stein, C. 2001. Introduction to Algorithms. MIT Press, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 2nd edition.Search in Google Scholar

Davis, M. 1958. Computability and Unsolvability. New York: Mcgraw-Hill.Search in Google Scholar

Dean, T., and Boddy, M. 1988. An analysis of time-dependent planning. In Proceedings of AAAI-88, 49–54.Search in Google Scholar

Dreyfus, H. L. 1979. What Computers Can’t Do: Revised Edition. New York: Harper and Row.Search in Google Scholar

Fikes, R. E., and Nilsson, N. J. 1971. STRIPS: A new approach to the application of theorem proving to problem solving. Artificial Intelligence 2(3-4):189–208.10.1016/0004-3702(71)90010-5Search in Google Scholar

Flach, P. A., and Kakas, A. C. 2000. Abductive and inductive reasoning: background and issues. In Flach, P. A., and Kakas, A. C., eds., Abduction and Induction: Essays on their Relation and Integration. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. 1–27.Search in Google Scholar

Franklin, S. 2007. A foundational architecture for artificial general intelligence. In Goertzel, B., and Wang, P., eds., Advance of Artificial General Intelligence. Amsterdam: IOS Press. 36–54.Search in Google Scholar

Frege, G. 1999. Begriffsschrift, a formula language, modeled upon that of arithmetic, for pure thought. In van Heijenoort, J., ed., Frege and G¨odel: Two Fundamental Texts in Mathematical Logic. Lincoln, Nebraska: iUniverse. 1–82. Originally published in 1879. Search in Google Scholar

Hayes, P. J. 1977. In defense of logic. In Proceedings of the Fifth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 559–565.Search in Google Scholar

Hofstadter, D. R. 1979. G¨odel, Escher, Bach: an Eternal Golden Braid. New York: Basic Books.Search in Google Scholar

Hopcroft, J. E., and Ullman, J. D. 1979. Introduction to Automata Theory, Language, and Computation. Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley.Search in Google Scholar

Hutter, M. 2005. Universal Artificial Intelligence: Sequential Decisions based on Algorithmic Probability. Berlin: Springer.Search in Google Scholar

Jeffrey, R. C. 1965. The Logic of Decision. New York: McGraw-Hill.Search in Google Scholar

Kaelbling, L. P.; Littman, M. L.; and Moore, A. W. 1996. Reinforcement learning: a survey. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 4:237–285.10.1613/jair.301Search in Google Scholar

Kowalski, R. 1979. Logic for Problem Solving. New York: North Holland.Search in Google Scholar

Koza, J. R. 1992. Genetic Programming: On the Programming of Computers by Means of Natural Selection. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.Search in Google Scholar

Kugel, P. 1986. Thinking may be more than computing. Cognition 22:137–198.10.1016/0010-0277(86)90057-0Search in Google Scholar

Kurzweil, R. 2006. The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology. New York: Penguin Books.Search in Google Scholar

Laird, J. E.; Newell, A.; and Rosenbloom, P. S. 1987. Soar: an architecture for general intelligence. Artificial Intelligence 33:1–64.10.1016/0004-3702(87)90050-6Search in Google Scholar

Littman, M. L.; Goldsmith, J.; and Mundhenk, M. 1998. The computational complexity of probabilistic planning. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 9:1–36.10.1613/jair.505Search in Google Scholar

Lloyd, J. W. 1987. Foundations of Logic Programming. New York: Springer-Verlag. 10.1007/978-3-642-83189-8Search in Google Scholar

Lucas, J. R. 1961. Minds, machines and G¨odel. Philosophy XXXVI:112–127.Search in Google Scholar

Marr, D. 1982. Vision: A Computational Investigation into the Human Representation and Processing of Visual Information. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman & Co.Search in Google Scholar

McCarthy, J., and Hayes, P. J. 1969. Some philosophical problems from the standpoint of artificial intelligence. In Meltzer, B., and Michie, D., eds., Machine Intelligence 4. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 463–502.Search in Google Scholar

McCarthy, J. 1988. Mathematical logic in artificial intelligence. Dædalus 117(1):297–311.Search in Google Scholar

Michalski, R. S. 1993. Inference theory of learning as a conceptual basis for multistrategy learning. Machine Learning 11:111–151.10.1007/BF00993074Search in Google Scholar

Minsky, M. 1985. The Society of Mind. New York: Simon and Schuster.Search in Google Scholar

Mitchell, T. M. 1997. Machine Learning. New York: McGraw-Hill.Search in Google Scholar

Muggleton, S. 1991. Inductive logic programming. New Generation Computing 8(4):295–318. 10.1007/BF03037089Search in Google Scholar

Murphy, R. R. 2000. An Introduction to AI Robotics. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.Search in Google Scholar

Newell, A., and Simon, H. A. 1963. GPS, a program that simulates human thought. In Feigenbaum, E. A., and Feldman, J., eds., Computers and Thought. McGraw-Hill, New York. 279–293.Search in Google Scholar

Newell, A. 1990. Unified Theories of Cognition. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Nilsson, N. J. 1991. Logic and artificial intelligence. Artificial Intelligence 47:31–56. 10.1016/0004-3702(91)90049-PSearch in Google Scholar

Nivel, E., and Th´orisson, K. 2009. Self-Programming: Operationalizing Autonomy. In Proceedings of the Second Conference on Artificial General Intelligence, 150–155.Search in Google Scholar

Pearl, J. 1988. Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems. San Mateo, California: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers. Search in Google Scholar

Peirce, C. S. 1931. Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce, volume 2. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Penrose, R. 1989. The Emperor’s New Mind: Concerning Computers, Minds, and the Laws of Physics. Oxford University Press. 10.1093/oso/9780198519737.001.0001Search in Google Scholar

Piaget, J. 1960. The Psychology of Intelligence. Paterson, New Jersey: Littlefield, Adams & Co.Search in Google Scholar

Pollock, J. L. 2006. Against Optimality: The Logical Foundations of Decision-Theoretic Planning. Computational Intelligence 22(1):1–25.10.1111/j.1467-8640.2006.00271.xSearch in Google Scholar

Russell, S., and Norvig, P. 2010. Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 3rd edition. Search in Google Scholar

Simon, H. A. 1957. Models of Man: Social and Rational. New York: John Wiley.10.2307/2550441Search in Google Scholar

Solomonoff, R. J. 1964. A formal theory of inductive inference. Part I and II. Information and Control 7(1-2):1–22,224–254.Search in Google Scholar

Sutton, R. S., and Barto, A. G. 1998. Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.10.1109/TNN.1998.712192Search in Google Scholar

Thórisson, K. R., and Helgasson, H. P. 2012. Cognitive Architectures and Autonomy: A Comparative Review. Journal of Artificial General Intelligence 3(2):1–30.10.2478/v10229-011-0015-3Search in Google Scholar

Wang, P. 1995. Non-Axiomatic Reasoning System: Exploring the Essence of Intelligence. Ph.D. Dissertation, Indiana University.Search in Google Scholar

Wang, P. 2000. The logic of learning. In Working Notes of the AAAI workshop on New Research Problems for Machine Learning, 37–40. Search in Google Scholar

Wang, P. 2004a. The limitation of Bayesianism. Artificial Intelligence 158(1):97–106.10.1016/j.artint.2003.09.003Search in Google Scholar

Wang, P. 2004b. Problem solving with insufficient resources. International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-based Systems 12(5):673–700.Search in Google Scholar

Wang, P. 2005. Experience-grounded semantics: a theory for intelligent systems. Cognitive Systems Research 6(4):282–302. 10.1016/j.cogsys.2004.08.003Search in Google Scholar

Wang, P. 2006. Rigid Flexibility: The Logic of Intelligence. Dordrecht: Springer.Search in Google Scholar

Wang, P. 2007. Three fundamental misconceptions of artificial intelligence. Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence 19(3):249–268. 10.1080/09528130601143109Search in Google Scholar

Wang, P. 2008. What do you mean by ‘AI’. In Proceedings of the First Conference on Artificial General Intelligence, 362–373. Search in Google Scholar

Wang, P. 2009a. Case-by-case problem solving. In Proceedings of the Second Conference on Artificial General Intelligence, 180–185. Search in Google Scholar

Wang, P. 2009b. Formalization of Evidence: A Comparative Study. Journal of Artificial General Intelligence 1:25–53. 10.2478/v10229-011-0003-7Search in Google Scholar

Wang, P. 2011. The Assumptions on Knowledge and Resources in Models of Rationality. International Journal of Machine Consciousness 3(1):193–218.10.1142/S1793843011000686Search in Google Scholar

Wang, P. 2013. Non-Axiomatic Logic: A Model of Intelligent Reasoning. Singapore: World Scientific. (in press). 10.1142/8665Search in Google Scholar

Xu, Y., and Wang, P. 2012. The frame problem, the relevance problem, and a package solution to both. Synthese.10.1007/s11229-012-0117-8Search in Google Scholar