The Study Into the Ceramic-to-Metal Soldered Joints Interface for Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ Materials

The conditions of joining a ceramic-metal configuration by active metal soldering using tin-based (SnTi3) alloys are presented. Active metal (Ti) was alloyed in a low concentration of 3 weight percent. The joining process was carried out in a vacuum (10^-2 Pa) at a peak temperature of 860 °C with a short holding period (t = 9 min). The ceramic-metal soldered interface was examined using optical microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM). The natures of the interfacial reactions and the reaction products were identified using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The thickness of reaction layers and X-ray maps of the same region were measured.