Ethnic Minority Policies and Political Parties' Appeal to Ethnic Voters: A Case Study of Estonia's Russians

Astrov, Aleksandr. Samochinnoe soobshchestvo: politika men'shinstv ili malaya politika? [Arbitrary community: minority policies or minor politics?]. Tallinn: Tallinna Ülikooli Kirjastus, 2007.Search in Google Scholar

Berg, Eiki. Estonia's Northeastern Periphery in Politics: Socio-economic and Ethnic Dimensions. Tartu: Tartu University, 1999.Search in Google Scholar

Birnir, Jóhanna K. Ethnicity and Electoral Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.Search in Google Scholar

Brubaker, Rogers, Mara Loveman, and Peter Stamatov. "Ethnicity as Cognition." Theory and Society 33 (1) (2004): 31-64.10.1023/B:RYSO.0000021405.18890.63Search in Google Scholar

Centre Party. "Eesti Keskerakonna III Programm" [III Program of the Centre Party]. (August 21, 2005) // http://www.keskerakond.ee/erakond/programm/programmSearch in Google Scholar

Downs, Anthony. An Economic Theory of Democracy. New York: Harper, 1957.Search in Google Scholar

Estonian Cooperation Assembly. "Estonian Integration Strategy 2008-2013." (April 10, 2008) // http://www.kogu.ee/public/documents/Loimumiskava_2008-2013_ENG_VV_11.06.pdfSearch in Google Scholar

Estonian Electoral Committee. "Elections and referendums in 1992-2009." (March 2011) // http://www.vvk.ee/past-electionsSearch in Google Scholar

Estonian Government. "Reformierakonna, Isamaa ja Res Publica Liidu ning Sotsiaaldemokraatliku Erakonna valitsusliidu programm aastateks 2007-2011" [The program of the ruling coalition of the Reform Party, the Union of Pro Patria and Res Publica and the Social Democratic Party for the years 2007-2011]. (April 2, 2007) // http://www.valitsus.ee/et/valitsus/valitsuste-loetelu/45-andrus-ansip/valitsusliidu-programm-2007-2011Search in Google Scholar

Günter, Aleksei. "Parlamentskie partii ne delyat svoih izbirateley na russkih i estontsev" [Parliamentary parties do not divide voters into Russians and Estonians]. Postimees (April 21, 2009).Search in Google Scholar

Hale, Henry E. The Foundations of Ethnic Politics: Separatism of States and Nations in Eurasia and the World. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008.10.1017/CBO9780511790669Search in Google Scholar

Hallik, Klara. "Rahvuspoliitilesed seisukohad parteiprogrammides ja valimisplatvormides" [Ethnopolitical stances in party programs and electoral platforms]: 77-100. In: Mati Heidmets, ed. Vene Küsimus ja eesti valikud [Russian Question and Estonian choices]. Tallinn: Tallinna Pedagoogiaülikool, 1998.Search in Google Scholar

Horowitz, Donald L. Ethnic Groups in Conflict. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985.Search in Google Scholar

Kallas, Kristina. "The participation of non-Estonians in Estonian social life and politics": 55-63. In: Mati Heidmets, ed. Estonian Human Development Report 2007. Tallinn: Eesti Koostöö Kogu, 2008.Search in Google Scholar

Kasearu, Kairi. "The socioeconomic situation of non-Estonians": 47-54. In: Mati Heidmets, ed. Estonian Human Development Report 2007. Tallinn: Eesti Koostöö Kogu, 2008.Search in Google Scholar

Kirch, Aksel. The Integration of non-Estonians into Estonian Society: History, Problems and Trends. Tallinn: Estonian Academy Publishers, 1997.Search in Google Scholar

Laitin, David D. Identity in Formation: The Russian-Speaking Populations in the Near Abroad. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1998.Search in Google Scholar

Lake, David A., and Rothchild, Donald S. Ethnic Fears and Global Engagement: the International Spread and Management of Ethnic Conflict. San Diego: Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation, University of California, 1996.Search in Google Scholar

Lauristin, Marju. "Non-Estonians as part of the population and citizenry of Estonia": 46. In: Mati Heidmets, ed. Estonian Human Development Report 2007. Tallinn: Eesti Koostöö Kogu, 2008.Search in Google Scholar

Legal Information Centre for Human Rights. Russkaya shkola Estonii: sbornik materialov [Estonia's Russian School: a Compendium]. Tallinn: Legal Information Centre for Human Rights, 2010.Search in Google Scholar

Leping, Kristjan-Olari, and Ott Toomet. Ethnic Wage Gap and Political Break-Ups: Estonia During Political and Economic Transition. Tartu: University of Tartu, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, 2007.Search in Google Scholar

Lijphart, Arend. Democracy in Plural Societies: A Comparative Exploration. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1977.Search in Google Scholar

Lijphart, Arend. Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in 36 Countries. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1999.Search in Google Scholar

Ministry of Culture. "Integration in Estonian Society 2000-2007." (March 14, 2000) // http://www.kul.ee/webeditor/files/integratsioon/state_programme111.pdfSearch in Google Scholar

Ojakivi, Mirko. "Eesti järgmine suur eesmärk: rahvuse ja kultuuri säilitamine" [The next great Estonian objective: the preservation of the nation and of the culture]. Eesti Päevaleht (February 7, 2011).Search in Google Scholar

Pesur, Veiko. "Vetik: Eesti kodakondsuse väärtus kahaneb katastroofiliselt" [Vetik: The value of Estonian citizenship is decreasing at a catastrophic pace]. Postimees (September 14, 2010).Search in Google Scholar

Pesur, Veiko. "Usaldus riigiasutuste vastu on venekeelsete inimeste seas väga madal" [The trust in public institutions among Russophone people is very low]. Postimees (September 14, 2010).Search in Google Scholar

Petersen, Roger D. Understanding Ethnic Violence: Fear, Hatred and Resentment in Twentieth-Century Eastern Europe. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002.10.1017/CBO9780511840661Search in Google Scholar

Pettai, Vello. "The Construction of State Identity and Its Legacies: Legal Restorationism in Estonia." Ab Imperio 3 (2007): 1-23.10.1353/imp.2007.0022Search in Google Scholar

Pettai, Vello, and Hallik, Klara. "Understanding processes of ethnic control: segmentation, dependency and co-optation in post-communist Estonia." Nations and Nationalism 8 (4) (2002): 505-529.10.1111/1469-8219.00063Search in Google Scholar

Popkin, Samuel. The Reasoning Voter: Communication and Persuasion in Presidential Campaigns. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.10.7208/chicago/9780226772875.001.0001Search in Google Scholar

Postimees. "Obrashchenie Tsentristskoy partii k russkoyazychnoy Estonii" [Appeal of the Centre Party to the Russian-speaking Estonia]. (18 September 2009) // http://rus.postimees.ee/?id=166325Search in Google Scholar

Pro Patria and Res Publica Union. "IRLi ja Reformierakonna valitsusliidu programm aastateks 20011-2015" [The program of the ruling coalition of the Reform Party and the Union of Pro Patria and Res Publica for the years 20011-2015]. (March 23, 2011) // http://poliitika.postimees.ee/?id=407612Search in Google Scholar

Rabushka, Alvin, and Kenneth Shepsle. Politics in Plural Societies: A Theory of Democratic Instability. Columbus, Ohio: Charles E. Merrill, 1972.Search in Google Scholar

Repman, Ksenija. "Krupneyshie politicheskie partii Estonii ne delyat svoih izbirateley po natsional'nosti" [Estonia's major political parties do not divide their voters by ethnicity]. Postimees (January 17, 2011).Search in Google Scholar

Russian Team. "Antidiskriminatsionnaya programma Russkoy Obshchiny Estonii" [Antidiscriminatory program of Estonia's Russian community]. Tallinn (February 19, 2011) // http://www.slavia.ee/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5875:2011-02-03-12-00-15&catid=161:-riigikogu-6-2011&Itemid=221Search in Google Scholar

Saar Poll. Mitte-eestlaste perspektiivid. Elanikkonna küsitlus [The prospects of non-Estonians. Public opinion survey]. Tallinn: Saar Poll, 2006.Search in Google Scholar

Savisaar, Edgar. "Kakim mne viditsya budushchee Russkogo voprosa" [How I see the future of the Russian question]. (April 20, 2011) // http://www.keskerakond.ee/savisaar/rus/2011/04/20/Search in Google Scholar

Semjonov, Aleksei. "Estonia: nation-building and integration-political and legal aspects": 105-157. In: Pål Kolstø, ed. National Integration and Violent Conflict in Post-Soviet Societies: the Cases of Estonia and Moldova. Oxford: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, 2002.Search in Google Scholar

Social Democratic Party. "The program of the Social Democratic Party for the 2011 parliamentary elections" // http://valimised2011.sotsdem.ee/programm/loimumine/Search in Google Scholar

Statistikaamet [Statistical Office of Estonia]. 2000. aasta rahva ja eluruumide loendus [Population and Housing Census]. Tallinn: Statistikaamet, 2001.Search in Google Scholar

Tartu Ülikool, Saar Poll. Rahvussuhted ja integratsioonipoliitika väljakutsed pärast Pronkssõduri kriisi [Inter-ethnic relations and challenges to integration policies after the Bronze Soldier Crisis]. Tallinn: Rahvastikuministri büroo, 2007.Search in Google Scholar

Vetik, Raivo. "Kelle oma on Eesti riik, kui ta on rahva oma?" [Whose is the Estonian state, if it belongs to the people?]. Eesti Päevaleht (February 27, 2007).Search in Google Scholar

Vihalemm, Peeter. "The infosphere and media use of Estonian Russians": 77-81. In: Mati Heidmets, ed. Estonian Human Development Report 2007. Tallinn: Eesti Koostöö Kogu, 2008.Search in Google Scholar