Cag Repeat Number in the Androgen Receptor Gene and Prostate Cancer

Crawford ED. Epidemiology of prostate cancer. Urology. 2003; 62(6): 3-12.10.1016/j.urology.2003.10.013Search in Google Scholar

Gronberg H. Prostate cancer epidemiology. Lancet. 2003; 361(9360): 859-864.10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12713-4Search in Google Scholar

Haas GP, Sakr WA. Epidemiology of prostate cancer. CA Cancer J Clin. 1997; 47(5): 273-287.10.3322/canjclin.47.5.273Search in Google Scholar

Scosyrev E, Messing EM, Mohile S, Golijanin D, Wu G. Prostate cancer in the elderly: frequency of advanced disease at presentation and disease-specific mortality. Cancer. 2011; doi: 10.1002/cncr.26392. [Epub ahead of print].10.1002/cncr.26392Search in Google Scholar

Nelson KA, Witte JS. Androgen receptor CAG repeats and prostate cancer. Am J Epidemiol. 2002; 155(10): 883-890.10.1093/aje/155.10.883Search in Google Scholar

Mittal RD, Mishra D, Mandhani AK. Role of an an drogen receptor gene polymorphism in development of hormone refractory prostate cancer in Indian population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2007; 8(2): 275-278.Search in Google Scholar

Cotter MP, Gern RW, Ho GY, Chang RY, Burk RD. Role of family history and ethnicity on the mode and age of prostate cancer presentation. Prostate. 2002; 50(4): 216-221.10.1002/pros.10051Search in Google Scholar

Du XL, Fang S, Coker AL, Sanderson M, Aragaki C, Cormier JN, Xing Y, Gor BJ, Chan W. Racial disparity and socioeconomic status in association with survival in older men with local/regional stage prostate carcinoma: findings from a large community-based cohort. Cancer. 2006; 106(6): 1276-1285.10.1002/cncr.21732Search in Google Scholar

Schaid DJ. The complex genetic epidemiology of prostate cancer. Hum Mol Genet. 2004; 13(Spec No 1): R103-121.10.1093/hmg/ddh072Search in Google Scholar

Feldman BJ, Feldman D. The development of andro gen-independent prostate cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2001; 1(1): 34-45.10.1038/35094009Search in Google Scholar

Lu S, Tsai SY, Tsai MJ. Regulation of androgen-dependent prostatic cancer cell growth: androgen regulation of CDK2, CDK4, and CKI p16 genes. Cancer Res. 1997; 57(20): 4511-4516.Search in Google Scholar

Montgomery JS, Price DK, Figg WD. The androgen receptor gene and its influence on the development and progression of prostate cancer. J Pathol. 2001; 195(2): 138-146.10.1002/1096-9896(200109)195:2<138::AID-PATH961>3.0.CO;2-YSearch in Google Scholar

Edwards A, Hammond HA, Jin L, Caskey CT, Chakraborty R. Genetic variation at five trimeric and tetrameric tandem repeat loci in four human population groups. Genomics. 1992; 12(2): 241-253.10.1016/0888-7543(92)90371-XSearch in Google Scholar

Giovannucci E, Stampfer MJ, Krithivas K, Brown M, Dahl D, Brufsky A, Talcott J, Hennekens CH, Kantoff PW. The CAG repeat within the androgen receptor gene and its relationship to prostate cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1997; 94(7): 3320-3323.10.1073/pnas.94.7.3320203679096391Search in Google Scholar

Chamberlain NL, Driver ED, Miesfeld RL. The length and location of CAG trinucleotide repeats in the androgen receptor N-terminal domain affect transactivation function. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994; 22(15): 3181-3186.10.1093/nar/22.15.31813102948065934Search in Google Scholar

Hardy DO, Scher HI, Bogenreider T, Sabbatini P, Zhang ZF, Nanus DM, Catterall JF. Androgen receptor CAG repeat lengths in prostate cancer: correlation with age of onset. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996; 81(12): 4400-4405.Search in Google Scholar

Stanford JL, Just JJ, Gibbs M, Wicklund KG, Neal CL, Blumenstein BA, Ostrander EA. Polymorphic repeats in the androgen receptor gene: molecular markers of prostate cancer risk. Cancer Res. 1997; 57(6): 1194-1198.Search in Google Scholar

Irvine RA, Yu MC, Ross RK, Coetzee GA. The CAG and GGC microsatellites of the androgen receptor gene are in linkage disequilibrium in men with prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 1995; 55(9): 1937-1940.Search in Google Scholar

Zeegers MP, Kiemeney LA, Nieder AM, Ostrer H. How strong is the association between CAG and GGN repeat length polymorphisms in the androgen receptor gene and prostate cancer risk? Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2004; 13(11): 1765-1771.10.1158/1055-9965.1765.13.11Search in Google Scholar

Price DK, Chau CH, Till C, Goodman PJ, Baum CE, Ockers SB, English BC, Minasian L, Parnes HL, Hsing AW, Reichardt JK, Hoque A, Tangen CM, Kristal AR, Thompson IM, Figg WD. Androgen receptor CAG repeat length and association with prostate cancer risk: results from the prostate cancer prevention trial. J Urol. 2010; 184(6): 2297-2302.10.1016/j.juro.2010.08.005393017520952028Search in Google Scholar

Lindstrom S, Ma J, Altshuler D, Giovannucci E, Riboli E, Albanes D, Allen NE, Berndt SI, Boeing H, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Chanock SJ, Dunning AM, Feigelson HS, Gaziano JM, Haiman CA, Hayes RB, Henderson BE, Hunter DJ, Kaaks R, Kolonel LN, Le Marchand L, Martinez C, Overvad K, Siddiq A, Stampfer M, Stattin P, Stram DO, Thun MJ, Trichopoulos D, Tumino R, Virtamo J, Weinstein SJ, Yeager M, Kraft P, Freedman ML. A large study of androgen receptor germline variants and their relation to sex hormone levels and prostate cancer risk. Results from the National Cancer Institute Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010; 95(9): E121-E127.10.1210/jc.2009-1911293607520534771Search in Google Scholar

Mishra D, Thangaraj K, Mandhani A, Kumar A, Mittal R. Is reduced CAG repeat length in androgen receptor gene associated with risk of prostate cancer in Indian population? Clin Genet. 2005; 68(1): 55-60.10.1111/j.1399-0004.2005.00450.x15952987Search in Google Scholar

Hakimi JM, Schoenberg MP, Rondinelli RH, Piantadosi S, Barrack ER. Androgen receptor variants with short glutamine or glycine repeats may identify unique subpopulations of men with prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 1997; 3(9): 1599-1608.Search in Google Scholar

Hsing AW, Gao YT, Wu G, Wang X, Deng J, Chen YL, Sesterhenn IA, Mostofi FK, Benichou J, Chang C. Polymorphic CAG and GGN repeat lengths in the androgen receptor gene and prostate cancer risk: a population-based case-control study in China. Cancer Res. 2000; 60(18): 5111-5116.Search in Google Scholar

Akinloye O, Gromoll J, Simoni M. Variation in CAG and GGN repeat lengths and CAG/GGN haplotype in androgen receptor gene polymorphism and prostate carcinoma in Nigerians. Br J Biomed Sci. 2011; 68(3): 138-142.10.1080/09674845.2011.1173034121950206Search in Google Scholar

Plaseski T, Noveski P, Dimitrovski C, Kocevska B, Efremov GD, Plaseska-Karanfilska D. CAG Repeat number in androgen receptor gene and male infertility. BJMG. 2007; 10(1): 19-24.10.2478/v10034-007-0003-8Search in Google Scholar

Coetzee GA, Ross RK. Re: prostate cancer and the androgen receptor. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1994; 86(11): 872-873.10.1093/jnci/86.11.8728182772Search in Google Scholar

Ding D, Xu L, Menon M, Reddy GP, Barrack ER. Effect of a short CAG (glutamine) repeat on human androgen receptor function. Prostate. 2004; 58(1): 23-32.10.1002/pros.1031614673949Search in Google Scholar

Gu M, Dong X, Zhang X, Niu W. The CAG repeat polymorphism of androgen receptor gene and prostate cancer: a meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep. 2011; 39(3): 2615-2624.10.1007/s11033-011-1014-9Search in Google Scholar

Binnie MC, Alexander FE, Heald C, Habib FK. Polymorphic forms of prostate specific antigen and their interaction with androgen receptor trinucleotide repeats in prostate cancer. Prostate. 2005; 63(4): 309-315.10.1002/pros.20178Search in Google Scholar

Correa-Cerro L, Wohr G, Haussler J, Berthon P, Drelon E, Mangin P, Fournier G, Cussenot O, Kraus P, Just W, Paiss T, Cantu JM, Vogel W. (CAG)nCAA and GGN repeats in the human androgen receptor gene are not associated with prostate cancer in a French-German population. Eur J Hum Genet. 1999; 7(3): 357-362.10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200298Search in Google Scholar

Salinas CA, Austin MA, Ostrander EO, Stanford JL. Polymorphisms in the androgen receptor and the prostate-specific antigen genes and prostate cancer risk. Prostate. 2005; 65(1): 58-65.10.1002/pros.20230Search in Google Scholar

Jemal A, Siegel R, Xu J, Ward E. Cancer statistics, 2010. CA Cancer J Clin. 2010; 60(5): 277-300.10.3322/caac.20073Search in Google Scholar

Polednak AP. Trends in prostate carcinoma inci dence in Connecticut (1988-1994) by age and race. Cancer. 1997; 79(1): 99-103.10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19970101)79:1<99::AID-CNCR14>3.0.CO;2-1Search in Google Scholar

Rodriguez-Gonzalez G, Cabrera S, Ramirez-Moreno R, Bilbao C, Diaz-Chico JC, Serra L, Chesa N, Cabrera JJ, Diaz-Chico BN. Short alleles of both GGN and CAG repeats at the exon-1 of the androgen receptor gene are associated to increased PSA staining and a higher Gleason score in human prostatic cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2009; 113(1-2): 85-91.10.1016/j.jsbmb.2008.11.010Search in Google Scholar

Platz EA, Giovannucci E, Dahl DM, Krithivas K, Hennekens CH, Brown M, Stampfer MJ, Kantoff PW. The androgen receptor gene GGN microsatellite and prostate cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1998; 7(5): 379-384.Search in Google Scholar

Platz EA, Leitzmann MF, Rifai N, Kantoff PW, Chen YC, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Giovannucci E. Sex steroid hormones and the androgen receptor gene CAG repeat and subsequent risk of prostate cancer in the prostate-specific antigen era. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005; 14(5): 1262-1269.10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-04-0371Search in Google Scholar

Bousema JT, Bussemakers MJ, van Houwelingen KP, Debruyne FM, Verbeek AL, de La Rosette JJ, Kiemeney LA. Polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor gene and the androgen receptor gene and the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Eur Urol. 2000; 37(2): 234-238.10.1159/000020124Search in Google Scholar

Kristal AR, Price DK, Till C, Schenk JM, Neuhouser ML, Ockers S, Lin DW, Thompson IM, Figg WD. Androgen receptor CAG repeat length is not associated with the risk of incident symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia: results from the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial. Prostate. 2010; 70(6): 584-590.10.1002/pros.21092Search in Google Scholar

Gsur A, Preyer M, Haidinger G, Zidek T, Madersbacher S, Schatzl G, Marberger M, Vutuc C, Micksche M. Polymorphic CAG repeats in the androgen receptor gene, prostate-specific antigen polymorphism and prostate cancer risk. Carcinogenesis. 2002; 23(10): 1647-1651.10.1093/carcin/23.10.164712376473Search in Google Scholar