Characteristics of lateral electrical surface stimulation (LESS) and its effect on the degree of spinal deformity in idiopathic scoliosis

Ahn UM, Ahn NU, Nallamshetty L, Buchowski JM, Rose PS, Miller NH, Kostuik JP, Sponseller PD. The etiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Am J Orthop. 2002; 31(7): 387-395.Search in Google Scholar

Chen PQ. Management of scoliosis. J Formos Med Assoc. 2003; 102(11): 751-761.Search in Google Scholar

Kowalski IM. The influence of central nervous system on the shaping of human body. Eurorehab. 2004; 14(3): 132-136.Search in Google Scholar

Hirayama J, Takahashi Y, Nakajima Y, Takahashi K, Yamagata M, Moriya H. Effects of electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve on background electromyography and static stretch reflex activity of the trunk muscles in rats: possible implications of neuronal mechanisms in the development of sciatic scoliosis. Spine. 2001; 26(6): 602-609.10.1097/00007632-200103150-00009Search in Google Scholar

Wright J, Herbert MA, Velasquez R, Bobechko WP. Morphologic and histochemical characteristics of skeletal muscle after long-duration intramuscular electrical stimulation. Spine. 1992; 17(7): 767-770.10.1097/00007632-199207000-00007Search in Google Scholar

Durmala J, Dobosiewicz K, Kotwicki T, Jedrzejek H. Effect of asymmetric trunk mobilisation on the Cobb's angle value and rotation in children and youth with idiopathic scolioses. Ortop Traumatol Rehab. 2003; 5(1): 80-85.Search in Google Scholar

Kowalski IM. Electrostimulation as the physiotherapy of idiopathic scoliosis. In: Ring H, Soroker N, editors. Free papers 2nd World Congress of the International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. Bologna, Italy: Monduzzi Editore S.p.A. - MEDIMOND; c2003. p. 351-354.Search in Google Scholar

Kowalski IM, Szarek J, Zarzycki D, Rymarczyk A. Experimental scoliosis in the course of unilateral surface electrostimulation of the paravertebral muscles in rabbits: effects according to stimulation period. Eur Spine J. 2001; 10(6): 490-494.10.1007/s005860100321Search in Google Scholar

Kowalski IM, Van Dam F, Zarzycki D, Rymarczyk A, Sebastianowicz P. Short-duration electrostimulation in the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis. Ortop Traumatol Rehab. 2004; 6(1): 82-89.Search in Google Scholar

Anciaux M, Lenaert A, Van-Beneden ML, Blonde W, Vercauteren M. Transcutaneus electrical stimulation (TCES) for the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: preliminary results. Acta Orthop Belg. 1991; 57(4): 399-405.Search in Google Scholar

Axelgaard J, Brown JC. Lateral electrical surface stimulation for the treatment of progressive idiopathic scoliosis. Spine. 1983; 8(3): 242-260.10.1097/00007632-198304000-00004Search in Google Scholar

Bobechko WP, Herbert MA, Friedman HG. Electrospinal instrumentation for scoliosis: current status. Orthop Clin North Am. 1979; 10(4): 927-941.10.1016/S0030-5898(20)30783-5Search in Google Scholar

Bucinski A, Baczek T, Kowalski IM. Clinical data analysis with the use of artificial neural networks (ANN) of treatment evaluation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2004; 13(4): 623-628.Search in Google Scholar

Weiss M, Pasniczek R. Electrostimulation in conservative treatment of spinal lateral scolioses. Early diagnosis and prevention of spinal lateral scolioses progression. In: Scientific session proceedings. Warsaw, Poland: PZWL; c1983. 129-132.Search in Google Scholar

Pasniczek R. Functional electrostimulation of limbs. In: Kowalski IM, Lewandowski R, editors. Paediatric rehabilitation - selected issues. 2nd ed. Olsztyn, Poland: Provincial Children's Rehabilitation Hospital in Ameryka; c2005: p. 118-133.Search in Google Scholar

Zarzycki D, Zarzycka M, Nowak R, Tesiorowski M. Electrostimulation in the treatment of scolioses. Chir Narz Ruchu Ortop Pol. 1991; 56(1): 9-12.Search in Google Scholar