Chitosan inserts for periodontitis: Influence of drug loading, plasticizer and crosslinking on in vitro metronidazole release

P. Axelsson and J. Lindhe, Effect of controlled oral hygiene procedures on caries and periodontal disease in adults, J. Clin. Periodontol.5 (1978) 133-151; DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.1978.tb01914.x.10.1111/j.1600-051X.1978.tb01914.xSearch in Google Scholar

N. J. Medlicott, I. G. Tucker and D. W. Holborow, Delivery systems for the administration of drugs to the periodontal pocket, Adv. Drug Del. Rev.13 (1994) 181-203; DOI: 10.1016/0169-409X (94)90033-7.Search in Google Scholar

J. Slots and T. E. Rams, Antibiotics in periodontal therapy: advantages and disadvantages, J. Clin. Periodontol.17 (1990) 479-93.10.1111/j.1365-2710.1992.tb01220.xSearch in Google Scholar

T. S. Kim, T. Burklin, B. Schacher, P. Ratka-Kruger, M. T. Schaecken, H. H. Renggli, W. Fiehn and P. Eickholz, Pharmacokinetic profile of a locally administered doxycycline gel in crevicular fluid, blood, and saliva, J. Periodontol.73 (2002) 1285-1291; DOI: 10.1902/jop.2002.73.11.1285.10.1902/jop.2002.73.11.1285Search in Google Scholar

K. Schwach-Abdellaoui, N. Vivien-Casioni and R. Gurny, Local delivery of antimicrobial agents for the treatment of periodontal disease, Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm.50 (2000) 83-99; DOI: 10.1016/ S0939-6411(00)00086-2.10.1016/S0939-6411(00)00086-2Search in Google Scholar

T. Chandy and C. P. Sharma, Chitosan as a biomaterial, Biomaterial Artif. Cells Artif. Organs18 (1990) 1-24.10.3109/10731199009117286Search in Google Scholar

R. Muzzarelli, V. Baldassarre, F. Conti, P. Ferrara and G. Biagini, Biological activity of chitosan: ultrastructural study, Biomaterials9 (1988) 247-252; DOI: 10.1016/0142-9612(88)90092-0.10.1016/0142-9612(88)90092-0Search in Google Scholar

J. Lindhe, A. D. Haffajee and S. S. Socransky, Progression of periodontal disease in adult subjects in the absence of periodontal therapy, J. Clin. Periodontol.10 (1983) 433-442; DOI: 10.1111/ j.1600-051X.1983.tb01292.x.10.1111/j.1600-051X.1983.tb01292.xSearch in Google Scholar

H. N. Newman, F. I. S. Yeung, W. Z. A. B. Wan-Yusof and M. Addy, Slow release metronidazole and a simplified mechanical oral hygiene regimen in the control of chronic periodontitis, J. Clin. Periodontol.11 (1984) 576-582; DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.1984.tb00910.x.10.1111/j.1600-051X.1984.tb00910.xSearch in Google Scholar

F. A. Gusberti, S. A. Syed and N. P. Long, Combined antibiotic (metronidazole) and mechanical treatment effects on the subgingival bacterial flora of sites with recurrent periodontal disease, J. Clin. Periodontol.15 (1988) 353-359; DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.1988.tb01011.x.10.1111/j.1600-051X.1988.tb01011.x3042813Search in Google Scholar

W. J. Loesche, Antibiotic therapy as part of periodontal therapy, Phillip J.6 (1989) 95-104.Search in Google Scholar

M. A. Van-Oosten, F. J. Notten and F. H. Mikx, Metronidazole concentrations in human plasma, saliva, and gingival crevice fluid after a single dose, J. Dental Res.65 (1986) 1420-1423.10.1177/002203458606501208013097094Search in Google Scholar

V. Pedrazzoli, M. Kilian and T. Karring, Comparative clinical and microbiological effects of topical subgingival application of metronidazole 25% dental gel and scaling in the treatment of adult periodontitis, J. Clin. Periodontol.19 (1992) 715-722.10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb02534.xSearch in Google Scholar

C. Hitzig, T. Fosse, Y. Charbit, C. Bitton and L. Hannoun, Effects of combined topical metronidazole and mechanical treatment on the subgingival flora in deep periodontal pockets in cuspids and bicuspids, J. Periodontol.68 (1997) 613-617.10.1902/jop.1997.68.7.613Search in Google Scholar

K. Stolze, Concentration of metronidazole in periodontal pockets after application of a metronidazole 25% dental gel, J. Clin. Periodontol.19 (1992) 698-701.10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb02531.xSearch in Google Scholar

K. Stolze and M. Stellfield, Systemic absorption of metronidazole after application of a metronidazole 25% dental gel, J. Clin. Periodontol.19 (1992) 693-697.10.1111/j.1600-051X.1992.tb02530.xSearch in Google Scholar

J. Ainamo, T. Lie, B. H. Ellingsen, B. F. Hansen, L. A. Johansson, T. Karring, J. Kisch, K. Paunio and K. Stolze, Clinical responses to subgingival application of a metronidazole 25% gel compared to the effect of subgingival scaling in adult periodontitis. J. Clin. Periodontol.19 (1992) 723-729.Search in Google Scholar

K. Oungbho and B. W. Muller, Chitosan sponges as sustained release drug carriers, Int. J. Pharm.156 (1997) 229-237; DOI: 10.1016/S0378-5173(97)00201-9.10.1016/S0378-5173(97)00201-9Search in Google Scholar

R. Barat, A. Srinatha, J. K. Pandit, D. Ridhurkar, J. Balasubramaniam, N. Mittal and D. N. Mishra, Niridazole biodegradable inserts for local long term treatment of periodontits: Possible new life for an orphan drug, Drug Deliv.13 (2006) 365-373; DOI: 10.1080/10717540500398126.10.1080/10717540500398126Search in Google Scholar

T. Higuchi, Mechanism of sustained action medication, theoretical analysis of rate of solid drug dispersed in solid matrices, J. Pharm. Sci.52 (1963) 1145-1149; DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600521210.10.1002/jps.2600521210Search in Google Scholar

R. W. Korsmeyer, R. Gurny, E. M. Doelker, P. Buri and N. A. Peppas, Mechanism of solute release from porous hydrophilic matrices, Int. J. Pharm.15 (1983) 25-35; DOI: 10.1016/0378-5173 (83)90064-9.Search in Google Scholar

Z. J. Shao, L. Morales, S. Diaz and N. A. Muhammad, Drug release from kollicoat SR 30D-coated nonpareil beads: evaluation of coating, plasticizer type, and curing condition, AAPS PharmSciTech.3 (2002) article 15.10.1208/pt030215Search in Google Scholar

D. Thacharodi and K. P. Rao, Development and in vitro evaluation of chitosan-based transdermal drug delivery systems for the controlled release of propranolol hydrochloride, Biomaterials16 (1995) 145-148; DOI: 10.1016/0142-9612(95)98278-M.10.1016/0142-9612(95)98278-MSearch in Google Scholar

E. O. Cetin, N. Buduneli, E. Atlihan and L. Kirilmaz, In vitro studies of a degradable device for controlled release of meloxicam, J. Clin. Periodontol.32 (2005) 773-777; DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2005.00755.x.10.1111/j.1600-051X.2005.00755.x15966885Search in Google Scholar