<abstract xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><p>In spread spectrum based watermarking schemes, it is a challenging task to embed multiple bits of information into the host signal. <italic>M</italic>-ary modulation has been proposed as an effective approach to multibit watermarking. It has been proved that an <italic>M</italic>-ary modulation based watermarking system outperforms significantly a binary modulation based watermarking system. However, in the existing <italic>M</italic>-ary modulation based algorithms, the value of <italic>M</italic> is restricted to be less than 256, because as <italic>M</italic> increases, the computation workload for data extraction advances exponentially. In this paper, we propose an efficient <italic>M</italic>-ary modulation scheme, i.e., <italic>M</italic>-ary phase modulation, which reduces the computation in data extraction to a very low level. With this scheme, it is practical to implement an <italic>M</italic>-ary modulation based algorithm with a high value of <italic>M</italic>, e.g., <italic>M</italic> = 2<sup>20</sup>. This is significant for a watermarking system, because it can either greatly increase the data capacity of a watermark given the necessary watermark robustness, or considerably improve the watermark robustness given the amount of information of the watermark. The superiority of the proposed scheme is verified by simulation results.</p></abstract>

In spread spectrum based watermarking schemes, it is a challenging task to embed multiple bits of information into the host signal. M-ary modulation has been proposed as an effective approach to multibit watermarking. It has been proved that an M-ary modulation based watermarking system outperforms significantly a binary modulation based watermarking system. However, in the existing M-ary modulation based algorithms, the value of M is restricted to be less than 256, because as M increases, the computation workload for data extraction advances exponentially. In this paper, we propose an efficient M-ary modulation scheme, i.e., M-ary phase modulation, which reduces the computation in data extraction to a very low level. With this scheme, it is practical to implement an M-ary modulation based algorithm with a high value of M, e.g., M = 220. This is significant for a watermarking system, because it can either greatly increase the data capacity of a watermark given the necessary watermark robustness, or considerably improve the watermark robustness given the amount of information of the watermark. The superiority of the proposed scheme is verified by simulation results.

<italic>M</italic>-Ary Phase Modulation for Digital Watermarking

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg Manitoba, Canada

International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science

-Ary Phase Modulation for Digital Watermarking

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In spread spectrum based watermarking schemes, it is a challenging task to embed multiple bits of information into the host signal. M-ary modulation has been...

M-Ary Phase Modulation for Digital Watermarking

Published Online: Mar 21, 2008

Page range: 93 - 104

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/v10006-008-0009-8

Keywords
Multibit watermarking, -ary phase modulation, watermark robustness, data capacity

This content is open access.