The Grendelkin and the Politics of Succession at Heorot: The Significance of Monsters in Beowulf

Barney, Stephen A., W. J. Lewis, J. A. Beach & Oliver Berghof (eds.). 2006. The etymologies of Isidore of Seville. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: 10.1017/CBO978051148211310.1017/CBO9780511482113Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Fulk, Robert D., Robert E. Bjork & John D. Niles (eds.). 2008. Klaeber’s Beowulf. (4th edn.) Toronto: University of Toronto Press.Search in Google Scholar

Abram, Christopher. 2010. New light on the illumination of Grendel’s mere. The Journal of English and Germanic Philology 109(2). 198–216. DOI: 10.5406/jenglgermphil.109.2.019810.5406/jenglgermphil.109.2.0198Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Alfano, Christine. 1992. The issue of feminine monstrosity: A re-evaluation of Grendel’s mother. Comitatus: A Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies 23(1). 1–16.Search in Google Scholar

Baker, Peter S. 2013. Honour, exchange and violence in Beowulf. D. S. Brewer: Cambridge.Search in Google Scholar

Bazelmans, Jos. 1999. By weapons made worthy: Lords, retainers and their relationship in Beowulf. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.10.5117/9789053563250Search in Google Scholar

Biggs, Frederick M. 2003. Hondscioh and Æschere in Beowulf. Neophilologus 87(4). 635–652. DOI: 10.1023/A:102547141586310.1023/A:1025471415863Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Butler, Judith. 1993. Bodies that matter: On the discursive limits of sex. New York & London: Routledge.Search in Google Scholar

Byers, Jr., John R. 1965. On the decorating of Heorot. PMLA 80(3). 299–300. DOI: 10.2307/46127810.2307/461278Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Camargo, Martin. 1981. The Finn episode and the tragedy of revenge in Beowulf. Studies in Philology 78(5). 120–134.Search in Google Scholar

Cavell, Megan. 2014. Constructing the monstrous body in Beowulf. Anglo-Saxon England 43. 155–181. DOI: 10.1017/S026367511400006410.1017/S0263675114000064Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Chance, Jane. 1986. Woman as hero in Old English poetry. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Chance, Jane. 2002. The structural unity of Beowulf: The problem of Grendel’s mother. In Seamus Heaney, Beowulf. A verse translation, 152–166. New York & London: W. W. Norton & Company.Search in Google Scholar

Chaney, William A. 1962. Grendel and the gifstol: A legal view of monsters. PMLA 77(5). 513–520. DOI: 10.2307/46040010.2307/460400Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Christie, Edward. 2004. Self-mastery and submission: Holiness and masculinity in the lives of Anglo-Saxon martyr-kings. In Patricia H. Cullum & Katherine J. Lewis (eds.), Holiness and masculinity in the Middle Ages, 143–157. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.Search in Google Scholar

Clover, Carol J. 2006. Regardless of sex: Men, women, and power in early Northern Europe. In Eileen A. Joy & Mary K. Ramsey (eds.), The post-modern Beowulf: A critical casebook, 383–416. Morgantown: West Virginia University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Dockray-Miller, Mary. 2000. Motherhood and mothering in Anglo-Saxon England. New York: St. Martin’s Press.10.1057/9780312299637Search in Google Scholar

Donahue, Charles. 1975. Potlatch and charity: Notes on the heroic in Beowulf. In Lewis E. Nicholson & Dolores Warwick Frese (eds.), Anglo-Saxon poetry: Essays in appreciation for John C. McGalliard, 23–40. Notre Dame & London: University of Notre Dame Press.Search in Google Scholar

Drout, Michael D. C. 2007. Blood and deeds: The inheritance systems in Beowulf. Studies in Philology 104(2). 199–226.10.1353/sip.2007.0007Search in Google Scholar

Dubois, Arthur E. 1934. The unity of Beowulf. PMLA 49. 374–405.10.2307/458166Search in Google Scholar

Earl, James W. 1994. Thinking about Beowulf. Stanford: Stanford University Press.10.1515/9781503621701Search in Google Scholar

Hill, John M. 1995. The cultural world of Beowulf. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.10.3138/9781442623033Search in Google Scholar

Hill, John M. 2008. The narrative pulse of Beowulf: Arrivals and departures. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.10.3138/9781442688674Search in Google Scholar

Hill, Joyce. 1990. Þæt wæs geomoru ides! A female stereotype examined. In Helen Damico & Alexandra Hennessey Olsen (eds.), New readings on women in Old English literature, 235–247. Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Horner, Shari. 2001. The discourse of enclosure: Representing women in Old English literature. Albany: University of New York Press.Search in Google Scholar

Greenfield, Stanley B. 1989. The extremes of the Beowulfian body politic. In George H. Brown (ed.), Hero and exile: The art of Old English poetry. 55–66. London: Bloomsbury.Search in Google Scholar

Gwara, Scott. 2008. Heroic identity in the world of Beowulf. Leiden & Boston: Brill.10.1163/ej.9789004171701.i-420Search in Google Scholar

Karras, Ruth Mazo. 2005. Sexuality in medieval Europe: Doing unto others. New York: Routledge.Search in Google Scholar

Kiernan, Kevin. 1984. Grendel’s heroic mother. In Geardagum 6. 13–33.Search in Google Scholar

Lees, Clare A. 1994. Men and Beowulf. In Clare A. Lees (ed.), Medieval masculinities: Regarding men in the Middle Ages, 129–148. Minneapolis/London: University of Minnesota Press.Search in Google Scholar

Mauss, Marcel. 1966. The gift: The form and reason for exchange in archaic societies. (Trans. W. D. Halls.) London & New York: Routledge.Search in Google Scholar

McNabb, Cameron Hunt. 2011. Eldum unnyt: Treasure spaces in Beowulf. Neophilologus 95. 145–164. DOI: 10.1007/s11061-010-9217-110.1007/s11061-010-9217-1Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

O’Brien O’Keeffe, Katherine. 1981. Beowulf, lines 702b-836: Transformations and the limits of the human. Texas Studies in Literature and Language 23(4). 484–494.Search in Google Scholar

Orchard, Andy. 1995. Pride and prodigies. Studies in the monsters of the Beowulf-manuscript. Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer.Search in Google Scholar

Oswald, Dana M. 2010. Monsters, gender and sexuality in Medieval English literature. Woodbridge: D. S. Brewer.Search in Google Scholar

Overing, Gillian R. 1990. Language, sign, and gender in Beowulf. Carbondale & Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press.Search in Google Scholar

Rosier, James L. 1963. The uses of association: Hands and feasts in Beowulf. PMLA 78(1). 8–14. DOI: 10.2307/46121910.2307/461219Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Sharma, Manish. 2005. Metalepsis and monstrosity: The boundaries of narrative structure in Beowulf. Studies in Philology 102(3). 247–279. DOI: 10.1353/sip.2005.001610.1353/sip.2005.0016Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Scherb, Victor I. 2009. Shoulder companions and shoulders in Beowulf. In Robert E. Bjork (ed.), Masculinities and femininities in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, 31–44. London: Brepols. DOI: 10.1484/M.ASMAR-EB.3.305310.1484/M.ASMAR-EB.3.3053Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Sisam, Kenneth. 1965. The structure of Beowulf. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Search in Google Scholar

Smith, D. Vance. 1997. Body doubles: Producing the masculine corpus. In Jeffrey Jerome Cohen & Bonnie Wheeler (eds.), Becoming male in the Middle Ages, 3–19. New York & London: Routledge.Search in Google Scholar

Taylor, Paul Beekman. 1986. The traditional language of treasure in Beowulf. The Journal of English and Germanic Philology 85(2). 191–205.Search in Google Scholar

Tolkien, J. R. R. 1963 [1936]. Beowulf: The monsters and the critics. In Lewis E. Nicholson (ed.), An anthology of Beowulf criticism, 51–103. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.Search in Google Scholar

Van Meter, David C. 1996. The ritualized presentation of weapons and the ideology of nobility in Beowulf. The Journal of English and Germanic Philology 95(2). 175–189.Search in Google Scholar

Weil, Susanne. 1989. Grace under pressure: “Hand-words”, wyrd, and free will in Beowulf. Pacific Coast Philology 24(1/2). 94–104. DOI: 10.2307/131660510.2307/1316605Open DOISearch in Google Scholar