Injury Occurrence in Modern and Hip-Hop Dancers: A Systematic Literature Review
and | Jun 25, 2020
About this article
Article Category: Review
Published Online: Jun 25, 2020
Page range: 195 - 201
Received: Jul 28, 2019
Accepted: Jun 05, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/sjph-2020-0025
Keywords
© 2020 Eva Uršej et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
Figure 1
Summary of the main results of the studies included in the systematic literature review.
| Modern | 4 years | Injuries/dancer: 2.32 (any I), 0.40 (TLI) | |
| Modern | 1 year | Total injuries: 125 (86.2% dancers injured) | |
| Modern | 1 year | Number of injuries: 20 (any I), 10 (TLI), 11 (traumatic I), 9 (overuse I) | |
| Modern | 8 years | Number of injuries: 217 | |
| Ballet, modern | 6 months | Point prevalence of self-reported injury: | |
| Modern | 1 year | Injured: 150 (82%) | |
| Hip-hop | 1 year | Injuries: 738 (232 injured dancers) | |
| Break dance | All career | Number of acute injuries: 1,665 (1021 amateur BD, 644 professional BD) | |
| Break dance | All career | Injuries: 193 (133 professional BD, 60 amateur BD) |
Summary of prospective studies included in the systematic literature review.
| Prospective cohort prognostic study | Pre-professional modern dance students (n=180, F=140, M=40) | Number of injuries (traumatic/overuse, medical attention and time-loss, body region, tissue category, side) Beighton score Technique score Muscle tightness Previous injuries | Hypermobility and hypomobility, previous injuries and inferior technique/motor control were more likely to lead to injury. | |
| Prospective cohort study | Pre-professional dance students (n=66, F=40, M=26) | Injury prevalence Injury characteristics (time-loss/non time-loss, acute/overuse, new/recurrent) Injury severity Injury incidence Relationship between dance exposure and injury Relationship between reported injuries and risk factors | The number of dance exposures was more significantly associated with injury risk than hours of dance exposure. | |
| Prospective cohort study | Professional modern dance company dancers (n=35, F=18, M=17) | Reported injury (RI):diagnosis, traumatic/overuse, body region, activity Time-loss injury (TLI) Complaints | Muscle and tendon complaints affecting the neck, lower leg and low back/pelvic regions were common. | |
| Retrospective-prospective cohort study | Professional modern dancers in two dance companies (n1=30, n2=12) | Demographics Injury incidence Exposure Injury location and diagnostic category Injury mechanism (traumatic/overuse) and severity Injury-related costs | An injury prevention programme is effective in reducing injury-related costs and promoting dancers’ health and well-being in a modern dance company. |
Summary of retrospective studies included in the systematic literature review.
| Cross-sectional study | Dancers from nine professional ballet and modern dance companies (n=260, Ba=178, Mo=82) | Self-reported injury (SRI) Self-estimated functional inability because of pain | The prevalence of injury is high in professional dancers. The number of years dancing and the dancer’s rank are associated with injury in professional ballet dancers. | |
| Self-reported retrospective study | Professional modern dancers (n=184, F=135, M=49) | Anonymous survey (demographics, forms of dance, modern dance techniques, other forms of exercise, health insurance, number of musculoskeletal injuries in the last year) | Professional modern dancers suffer from a rate of injury similar to other groups of professional dancers. No significant difference between gender and age and incidence of injury. | |
| Self-reported retrospective study | Intermediate, advanced, and expert hip-hop dancers (n=312, F=169, M=143, BD=68%, PL=21%, NS=11%) | Online survey:
Demographics Injuries over previous five years (locations, categories, severity, mechanism) | Break dancers had a higher injury incidence compared with popping/locking and New School dancers. Hip-hop dancers report injury rates higher than other dance forms, but similar to gymnastics. | |
| Descriptive retrospective epidemiological study | Professional (n=40) and amateur (n=104) break dancers | Self-reported questionnaire:
General part (demographics, up and stretching time, other training time, length of warm-sporting activities, extent of medical treatment) Information about injuries (50 injuries in nine anatomical regions), severity (loss of training time), overuse/traumatic injury | Break dancing must be considered a potentially high-risk dancing sport. Even when suffering from severe injuries, dancers interrupt training only for limited periods of time. | |
| Descriptive retrospective epidemiological study | Professional (n=23) and amateur (n=19) break dancers | Self-reported questionnaire Question about injuries (ten different body parts) Radiographs of cervical spine, lumbar spine, shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee and ankle CT and MRI if needed | Clinicians must enquire thoroughly into the nature of the activities that result in both unusual and common injuries in break dancers, and must educate them about safety. Careful screening, instruction and supervised training of break dancers will help to prevent injury. |