Open Access

Gender Differences in Predictors of Self-Medication with Tranquillizers and Sleeping Pills: Results of the Population-Based Study in Serbia

Katica Tripković
Katica Tripković
, 
Milena Šantrić Milićević
Milena Šantrić Milićević
 and 
Marina Odalović
Marina Odalović
   | Dec 13, 2019
Slovenian Journal of Public Health's Cover Image
About this article
Previous Article
Next Article
Cite
Article Category: Original scientific article
Published Online: Dec 13, 2019
Page range: 47 - 56
Received: Mar 28, 2019
Accepted: Nov 13, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/sjph-2020-0007
Keywords
© 2020 Katica Tripković et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Prevalence of self-medication with tranquillizers and sleeping pills in the Serbian male population and association with selected socio-demographic, health, and healthcare system characteristics, n=7,053.

Female population characteristicsPrevalence of TSP self-medication, (%)95% CICrude OR95% CI
Female TSP users2.21.9–2.6
Age (years)
15–240.40.1–0.7--
25–340.90.4–1.52.720.82–9.04
35–442.01.2–2.85.861.91–18.07
45–542.81.8–3.78.312.77–24.99
55–643.12.2–4.19.343.14–27.78
65–744.12.7–5.612.544.15–37.86
≥ 753.31.8–4.910.093.20–31.80
Employment status
Employed1.41.0–1.8--
Unemployed2.92.1–3.72.081.37–3.16
Pupil/Student0.50.1–0.90.290.09–1.00
Retiree3.62.7–4.52.631.76–3.91
Education
No formal education/Primary school2.01.3–2.6--
Secondary school2.42.0–2.91.250.84–1.87
Undergraduate/Postgraduate studies2.01.2–2.81.000.58–1.72
Self-assessment of health status
Very good/Good/Fair1.61.3–1.9-
Poor/Very poor6.95.1–8.64.523.24–6.30
Presence of chronic disease
No0.60.3–0.9-
Yes4.03.3–4.76.734.30–10.53
Exposure to stress during four weeks prior to the interview
No/Yes, not more than others1.51.2–1.8-
Yes, more than others/Yes, unbearable8.56.4–10.66.034.32–8.40
Physical pain during four weeks prior to the interview
No/Very mild1.00.7–1.2-
Mild/Moderate5.24.0–6.35.573.87–8.03
Severe/Very severe5.73.8–7.66.183.95–9.66
Unmet healthcare needs in the past 12 months due to a long waiting time for health service
No2.52.0–3.0-
No need for healthcare0.70.3–1.00.270.16–0.45
Yes6.44.6–8.32.721.89–3.92
Unmet healthcare needs in the past 12 months due to distance or transportation barriers
No2.82.3–3.3-
No need for healthcare0.60.3–0.90.220.13-0.38
Yes10.26.1–14.44.002.48-6.47
Satisfaction with public health service
Very satisfied/Satisfied2.01.5–2.5-
Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied2.51.8–3.21.250.86–1.82
Dissatisfied/Very dissatisfied3.42.3–4.41.681.13–2.50
Satisfaction with private health service
Very satisfied/Satisfied2.62.0–3.3-
Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied2.21.3–3.10.820.51–1.33
Dissatisfied/Very dissatisfied4.01.9–6.11.530.85–2.77

Potential predictors of self-medication with tranquillizers and sleeping pills among selected socio-demographic, health, and healthcare system characteristics in the Serbian female population, n=7,570.

Female population characteristicsAdjusted OR95% CI
Age (years)
15–24-
25–341.860.71–4.84
35–442.631.00–6.88*
45–543.371.30–8.72
55–644.751.83–12.33
65–742.961.10–7.97
≥752.620.96–7.14
Employment status
Employed-
Unemployed1.140.84–1.55
Pupil/Student1.130.40–3.25
Retiree1.030.72–1.48
Education
No formal education/Primary school-
Secondary school1.060.83–1.35
Undergraduate/Postgraduate studies0.840.58–1.21
Self-assessment of health status
Very good/Good/Fair-
Poor/Very poor0.870.67–1.13
Presence of chronic disease
No-
Yes2.571.83–3.61
Exposure to stress in the four weeks prior to interview
No/Yes, not more than others-
Yes, more than others/Yes, unbearable2.511.99–3.16
Physical pain in the four weeks prior to interview
No/Very mild-
Mild/Moderate1.431.11–1.83
Severe/Very severe1.491.12–1.99
Unmet healthcare needs in the past 12 months due to a long waiting time for health service
No-
No need for healthcare0.690.33–1.43
Yes1.090.82–1.44
Unmet healthcare needs in the past 12 months due to distance or transportation barriers
No-
No need for healthcare1.150.78–1.71
Yes1.070.54–2.13

Potential predictors of self-medication with tranquillizers and sleeping pills among selected socio-demographic, health, and healthcare system characteristics in the Serbian male population, n=7,053.

Male population characteristicsAdjusted OR95% CI
Age (years)
15–24-
25–342.360.53–10.56
35–443.620.81–16.27
45–543.660.82–16.31
55–643.080.68–13.85
65–743.950.80–19.40
≥753.170.62–16.17
Employment status
Employed-
Unemployed1.861.19–2.91
Pupil/Student1.650.31–8.81
Retiree1.300.69–2.46
Self-assessment of health status
Very good/Good/Fair-
Poor/Very poor1.090.72–1.64
Presence of chronic disease
No-
Yes2.321.38–3.90
Exposure to stress in the four weeks prior to interview
No/Yes, not more than others-
Yes, more than others/Yes, unbearable3.252.24–4.73
Physical pain in the four weeks prior to the interview
No/Very mild-
Mild/Moderate2.681.81–3.99
Severe/Very severe1.851.10–3.12
Unmet healthcare needs in the past 12 months due to the long waiting time for health service
No-
No need for healthcare1.940.52–7.25
Yes1.430.93–2.18
Unmet healthcare needs in the past 12 months due to distance or transportation barriers
No-
No need for healthcare0.280.08–1.06
Yes1.550.87–2.76
Satisfaction with public health service
Very satisfied/Satisfied-
Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied1.090.73–1.63
Dissatisfied/Very dissatisfied0.990.64–1.54

Prevalence of self-medication with tranquillizers and sleeping pills in the Serbian female population and association with selected socio-demographic, health, and healthcare system characteristics, n=7,570.

Female population characteristicsPrevalence of TSP self-medication, (%)95% CICrude OR95% CI
Female TSP users5.65.0–6.1
Age (years)
15–241.00.4–1.7-
25–342.41.5–3.22.201.07–4.54
35–444.02.9–5.13.851.96–7.60
45–546.65.2–8.06.513.40–12.49
55–6410.28.6–11.810.435.53–19.67
65–747.05.3–8.76.943.58–13.44
≥756.64.9–8.36.533.34–12.76
Employment status
Employed4.13.2–4.9-
Unemployed6.05.1–6.91.491.14–1.96
Pupil/Student1.10.4–1.90.280.14–0.57
Retiree7.96.7–9.02.011.53–2.63
Education
No formal education/Primary school6.65.7–7.5-
Secondary school5.34.6–6.00.790.64–0.97
Undergraduate/Postgraduate studies3.92.8–5.00.580.42–0.80
Self-assessment of health status
Very good/Good/Fair4.64.1–5.1-
Poor/Very poor9.58.0–11.02.161.75–2.67
Presence of chronic disease
No1.81.3–2.2-
Yes8.27.4–9.04.983.74–6.64
Exposure to stress during four weeks prior to the interview
No/Yes, not more than others4.33.8–4.8-
Yes, more than others/Yes, unbearable13.411.4–15.43.482.81–4.30
Physical pain during four weeks prior to the interview
No/Very mild3.42.8–3.9-
Mild/Moderate7.36.2–8.42.261.79–2.85
Severe/Very severe9.47.8–11.02.972.30–3.83
Unmet healthcare needs in the past 12 months due to a long waiting time for health service
No5.95.2–6.6-
No need for healthcare2.51.7–3.30.410.30–0.57
Yes8.66.9–10.21.491.17–1.91
Unmet healthcare needs in the past 12 months due to distance or transportation barriers
No6.15.4–6.7-
No need for healthcare2.72.0–3.50.440.32–0.60
Yes10.67.5–13.71.831.30–2.58
Satisfaction with public health service
Very satisfied/Satisfied5.34.6–6.0-
Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied5.84.8–6.91.110.88–1.41
Dissatisfied/Very dissatisfied6.35.1–7.51.210.94–1.56
Satisfaction with private health service
Very satisfied/Satisfied4.74.0–5.5-
Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied5.64.2–7.01.200.87–1.64
Dissatisfied/Very dissatisfied7.14.3–9.91.550.98–2.43
eISSN:
1854-2476
Language:
English
Publication timeframe:
4 times per year
Journal Subjects:
Medicine, Clinical Medicine, Hygiene and Environmental Medicine
Journal RSS Feed