How the Non-Religious View the Personality of God in Relation to Themselves

1. Allport, G. W. Personality: A psychological interpretation, New York: Holt, 1937.Search in Google Scholar

2. Aron, A., Aron, E. N., & Smollan, D. Inclusion of Other in the Self Scale and the Structure of Interpersonal Closeness, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 63 (4), 1992, pp. 596–612.10.1037/0022-3514.63.4.596Search in Google Scholar

3. Atran, S., Norenzayan, A. Religion’ s evolutionary landscape: Counterintuition, commitment, compassion, communion, Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27, 2004, pp. 713–770.10.1017/S0140525X0400017216035401Search in Google Scholar

4. Barlev, M., Mermelstein, S., & German, T. C. Representational coexistence in the God concept: Core knowledge intuitions of God as a person are not revised by Christian theology despite lifelong experience, Psychonomic Bulletin and Review 25 (6), 2018, pp. 2330–2338.10.3758/s13423-017-1421-629372513Search in Google Scholar

5. Barrett, J. L. Why would anyone believe in God? In Cognitive Science of Religion, Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press. 2004.Search in Google Scholar

6. Barrett, J. L., Keil, F. C. Conceptualizing a nonnatural entity: anthropomorphism in God concepts, Cognitive Psychology 31 (3), 1996, pp. 219–247.10.1006/cogp.1996.00178975683Search in Google Scholar

7. Bassett, J. F., Williams, J. E. Protestants’ Images of Self, God, and Satan as Seen in Adjective Check List Descriptions, The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion 13 (2), 2003, pp. 123–135.10.1207/S15327582IJPR1302_04Search in Google Scholar

8. Benson, P., Spilka, B. God Image as a Function of Self-Esteem and Locus of Control, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 12 (3), 297, 1973.10.2307/1384430Search in Google Scholar

9. Boyer, P. Religion Explained: The Evolutionary Origins of Religious Thought, New York: Basic Books, 2001.Search in Google Scholar

10. Braam, A. W., Mooi, B., Jonker, J. S., van Tilburg, W., & Deeg, D. J. H. God image and Five-Factor Model personality characteristics in later life: A study among inhabitants of Sassenheim in The Netherlands, Mental Health, Religion and Culture 11 (6), 2008, pp. 547–559.10.1080/13674670701641886Search in Google Scholar

11. Bradley, D. F., Exline, J. J., & Uzdavines, A. The God of Nonbelievers: Characteristics of a Hypothetical God, Science, Religion and Culture 2 (3), 2015, pp. 120–130.10.17582/journal.src/2015/2.3.120.130Search in Google Scholar

12. Bradley, D. F., Exline, J. J., & Uzdavines, A. Relational reasons for nonbelief in the existence of Gods: An important adjunct to intellectual nonbelief, Psychology of Religion and Spirituality 9 (4), 2017.10.1037/rel0000073Search in Google Scholar

13. Buri, J. R., Mueller, R. A. Psychoanalytic theory and loving god concepts: Parent referencing versus self-referencing, Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied 127 (1), 1993, pp. 17–27.10.1080/00223980.1993.99155398510050Search in Google Scholar

14. Buss, D. M. Social Adaptation and Five Major Factors of Personality, In J. S. Wiggins (ed.), The five-factor model of personality: theoretical perspectives 1996, pp. 180–207, retrieved from https://labs.la.utexas.edu/buss/files/2015/09/social_adaptation-1996.pdf.Search in Google Scholar

15. Buss, D. M. How Can Evolutionary Psychology Successfully Explain Personality and Individual Differences ? Perspectives on Psychological Science 4 (4), 2009, pp. 359–366.10.1111/j.1745-6924.2009.01138.xSearch in Google Scholar

16. Cattell, R. B. The description of personality. I Foundations of Trait Measurement, Psychological Review 50, 1943, pp. 559–594.10.1037/h0057276Search in Google Scholar

17. Ciarrocchi, J. W., Piedmont, R. L., & Williams, J. E. “Who Do You Say I Am?” Personality and Gender Dimensions in Men and Women’s Images of Jesus, Mary, and Joseph, Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion 9, 1998, pp. 127–146.Search in Google Scholar

18. Costa, P. T., Mccrae, R. R. Normal Personality Assessment in Clinical Practice: The NEO Personality Inventory, Psychological Assessment 4 (1), 1992, pp. 5–13.10.1037/1040-3590.4.1.5Search in Google Scholar

19. Davis, E. B., Moriarty, G. L., & Mauch, J. C. God images and god concepts: Definitions, development, and dynamics, Psychology of Religion and Spirituality 5 (1), 2013, pp. 51–60.10.1037/a0029289Search in Google Scholar

20. Davis, M. H., Conklin, L., Smith, A., & Luce, C. Effect of Perspective Taking on the cognitive Representation of Persons: A Merging of Self and Other, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 70 (4), 1996, pp. 713–726.10.1037/0022-3514.70.4.713Search in Google Scholar

21. De Raad, B. The replicability of the Big Five personality dimensions in three word-classes of the Dutch language, European Journal of Personality 6 (1), 1992, pp. 15–29.10.1002/per.2410060103Search in Google Scholar

22. De Raad, B., Perugini, M., Hřebíčková, M., & Piotr, S. Linga Franca of Personality: Taxonomies and Structures based on the Psycholexical Approach, Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 29 (1), 1998, pp. 212–232.10.1177/0022022198291011Search in Google Scholar

23. Denissen, J. J. A., Penke, L. Motivational individual reaction norms underlying the Five-Factor model of personality: First steps towards a theory-based conceptual framework, Journal of Research in Personality 42 (5), 2008, pp. 1285–1302.10.1016/j.jrp.2008.04.002Search in Google Scholar

24. Epley, N., Converse, B. A., Delbosc, A., Monteleone, G. A., & Cacioppo, J. T. Believers’ estimates of God’s beliefs are more egocentric than estimates of other people’s beliefs. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106 (51), 2009, pp. 21533–21538.10.1073/pnas.0908374106Search in Google Scholar

25. Exline, J. J., Yali, A. M., & Sanderson, W. C. Guilt, discord, and alienation: The role of religious strain in depression and suicidality. Journal of Clinical Psychology 56 (12), 2000, pp. 1481–1496.10.1002/1097-4679(200012)56:12<1481::AID-1>3.0.CO;2-ASearch in Google Scholar

26. Francis, L. J., Astley, J. The Quest for the Psychological Jesus: Influences of Personality on the image of Jesus, Journal of Psychology and Christianity 16, 1997, pp. 247–259.Search in Google Scholar

27. Francis, L. J., Gibson, H. M., & Robbins, M. God images and self-worth among adolescents in Scotland, Mental Health, Religion and Culture 4 (2), 2001, pp. 103–108.10.1080/13674670126955Search in Google Scholar

28. Gibson, N. J. S. The Experimental Investigation of Religious Cognition (Queen’s College, University of Cambridge), 2006.Search in Google Scholar

29. Gibson, N. J. S. Chapter 11. Measurement Issues in God Image Research and Practice, Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health 9 (3–4), 2008, pp. 227–246.10.1300/J515v09n03_11Search in Google Scholar

30. Goldberg, L. R. An Alternative “Description of Personality”: The Big Five Factor Structure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 59 (6), 1990, pp. 1216–1229, retrieved from http://cmapspublic2.ihmc.us/rid=1LQBQ96VY-19DH2XW-GW/Goldberg.Big-Five-FactorsStructure.JPSP.1990.pdf.10.1037/0022-3514.59.6.1216Search in Google Scholar

31. Goldberg, L. R. The Development of Markers For the Big Five Factor Structure, Psychological Assessment 4 (1), 1992, pp. 26–42.10.1037/1040-3590.4.1.26Search in Google Scholar

32. Goldberg, L. R. A broad-bandwith, public-domain, personality inventory measuring the lower-level facets of several five-factor models, pp. 7–28, In I. Mervielde, I. J. Deary, F. De Fruyt, & F. Ostendorf (eds.), Personality Psychology in Europe, Tilburg, The Neatherlands: Tilburg University Press, 1999.Search in Google Scholar

33. Goldberg, L. R. International Personality Item Pool, 2005.Search in Google Scholar

34. Goldberg, L. R., Johnson, J. A., Eber, H. W., Hogan, R., Ashton, M. C., Cloninger, C. R., & Gough, H. G. The International Personality Item Pool and the Future of Public-Domain Personality Measures, Journal of Research in Personality 40 (1), 2006, pp. 84–96.10.1016/j.jrp.2005.08.007Search in Google Scholar

35. Gómez, Á., Brooks, M. L., Buhrmester, M. D., Vázquez, A., Jetten, J., & Swann, W. B. On the nature of identity fusion: insights into the construct and a new measure, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 100 (5), 2011, pp. 918–933.10.1037/a002264221355659Search in Google Scholar

36. Gorsuch, R. L. The Conceptualization of God as Seen in Adjective Ratings, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 7 (1), 1968, pp. 56.10.2307/1385110Search in Google Scholar

37. Graham, J., Haidt, J., Koleva, S., Motyl, M., Iyer, R., Wojcik, S. P., & Ditto, P. H. Moral Foundations Theory: The Pragmatic Validity of Moral Pluralism, In Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 1st ed., 2013, pp. 55-130.10.1016/B978-0-12-407236-7.00002-4Search in Google Scholar

38. Graham, J., Nosek, B. a, Haidt, J., Iyer, R., Koleva, S., & Ditto, P. H. Mapping the moral domain, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 101 (2), 2011, pp. 366–385.10.1037/a0021847311696221244182Search in Google Scholar

39. Grimes, C. Chapter 2. God Image Research, Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health 9 (3–4), 2008, pp. 11–32.10.1300/J515v09n03_02Search in Google Scholar

40. Guthrie, S. Faces in the Clouds: A New Theory of Religion, New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.Search in Google Scholar

41. Hall, T. W., Edwards, K. J. The Spiritual Assessment Inventory: A Theistic Model and Measure for Assessing Spiritual Development, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 41 (2), 2002, pp. 341–357.10.1111/1468-5906.00121Search in Google Scholar

42. Hodges, S. D., Sharp, C. A., Gibson, N. J. S., & Tipsord, J. M. Nearer My God to Thee: Self-God Overlap and Believers’ Relationships with God, Self and Identity 12 (3), 2003, pp. 337–356.10.1080/15298868.2012.674212Search in Google Scholar

43. Janssen, J., De Hart, J., & Gerardts, M. Images of God in Adolescence, International Journal for the Psychology of Religion 4 (2), 1994, pp. 105–121.10.1207/s15327582ijpr0402_4Search in Google Scholar

44. John, O. P., Srivastava, S. The Big-Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives, pp. 102-138, In L. A. Pervin, O. P. John (eds.), Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research: Volume 2, New York: Guilford Press, 1999,Search in Google Scholar

45. John, O. P., Angleitner, A., & Ostendorf, F. The lexical approach to personality: A historical review of trait taxonomic research, European Journal of Personality 2, 1988, pp. 171–203.10.1002/per.2410020302Search in Google Scholar

46. Johnson, K. A., Okun, M. A., Cohen, A. B., Sharp, C. A., & Hook, J. N. Development and validation of the five-factor LAMBI measure of God representations, Psychology of Religion and Spirituality 2018, https://doi.org/10.1037/rel0000207.10.1037/rel0000207Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

47. Johnson, K. A., Hook, J. N., Davis, D. E., Van Tongeren, D. R., Sandage, S. J., & Crabtree, S. A. Moral foundation priorities reflect U.S. Christians’ individual differences in religiosity, Personality and Individual Differences 100, 2016, pp. 56–61.10.1016/j.paid.2015.12.037Search in Google Scholar

48. Jong, J., Whitehouse, H., Kavanagh, C., & Lane, J. E. Shared Trauma Leads to Identity Fusion via Personal Reflection, PLoS ONE 10 (12), 2016, pp. e0145611.10.1371/journal.pone.0145611468938926699364Search in Google Scholar

49. Kelemen, D. Are Children “‘Intuitive Theists’”? Reasoning About Purpose and Design in Nature, Psychological Science 15 (5), 2004, pp. 295–301.10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00672.x15102137Search in Google Scholar

50. Kirkpatrick, L. A. An Attachment-Theory Approach Psychology of Religion An Attachment-Theory Approach to the Psychology of Religion, The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion 2 (1), 1992, pp. 3–28.10.1207/s15327582ijpr0201_2Search in Google Scholar

51. Kirkpatrick, L. A., Shaver, P. R. An Attachment-Theoretical Approach to Romantic Love and Religious Belief, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 18 (3), 1992, pp. 266–275.10.1177/0146167292183002Search in Google Scholar

52. Kunkel, M. A., Cook, S., Meshel, D. S., Daughtry, D., & Hauenstein, A. God Images: A Concept Map, Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 38 (2), 1999.10.2307/1387789Search in Google Scholar

53. Lane, J. E. The evolution of doctrinal religions: Using semantic network analysis and computational models to examine the evolutionary dynamics of large religions, University of Oxford, 2019.Search in Google Scholar

54. Lane, J. E., Shults, F. L., & Wildman, W. J. A potential explanation for self-radicalisation. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 41, 2018, pp. e207, retrieved from https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/behavioral-and-brain-sciences/article/potential-explanation-for-selfradicalisation/46180567213843B94D217E50C7F1193E10.1017/S0140525X1800176031064589Search in Google Scholar

55. MacDonald, K. Evolution, the Five-Factor Model, and Levels of Personality, Journal of Personality 63 (3), 1995, pp. 525–567.10.1111/j.1467-6494.1995.tb00505.xSearch in Google Scholar

56. MacDonald, K. Evolution, Culture, and the Five-Factor Model, Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 29 (1), 1998, pp. 119–149.10.1177/0022022198291007Search in Google Scholar

57. May, R. W., Fincham, F. D. Deity Representation: A Prototype Approach, Archive for the Psychology of Religion/Archiv Für Religionpsychologie 40 (2–3), 2018, pp. 258–286.10.1163/15736121-12341361Search in Google Scholar

58. McCrae, R. R., Costa, P. T. Conceptions and Correlates of Openness to Experience, pp. 825–847, In R. Hogan, J. Johnson, S. Briggs (eds.), Handbook of Personality Psychology, 1997, https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-012134645-4/50032-9.10.1016/b978-012134645-4/50032-9Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

59. Mikloušić, I., Mlačić, B., & Milas, G. Paranormal Beliefs and Personality Traits in Croatia, Drustvena Istrazivanja 21(1 (115)), 2012, pp. 181–201.10.5559/di.21.1.10Search in Google Scholar

60. Mlačić, B., Ostendorf, F. Taxonomy and Structure of Croatian Personality-descriptive Adjectives, European Journal of Personality 152, 2005, pp. 117–152.10.1002/per.539Search in Google Scholar

61. Moaddel, M., Karabenick, S. Religious Fundamentalism among Young Muslims in Egypt and Saudi Arabia, Social Forces 86 (4), 2008, pp. 1675–1710.10.1353/sof.0.0059Search in Google Scholar

62. Nettle, D. The evolution of personality variation in humans and other animals, American Psychologist 61 (6), 2006, pp. 622–631.10.1037/0003-066X.61.6.62216953749Search in Google Scholar

63. Norenzayan, A., Gervais, W. M. Secular rule of law erodes believers’ political intolerance of atheists, Religion, Brain and Behavior 5 (1), 2013, pp. 3–14.10.1080/2153599X.2013.794749Search in Google Scholar

64. Norenzayan, A., Gervais, W. M. The origins of religious disbelief, Trends in Cognitive Sciences 17 (1), 2013, pp. 20–25.10.1016/j.tics.2012.11.006Search in Google Scholar

65. Norman, W. T. Toward an adequate taxonomy of personality attributes, Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 66 (6), 1963, pp. 574–583.10.1037/h0040291Search in Google Scholar

66. Oishi, S., Seol, K. O., Koo, M., & Miao, F. F. Was he happy? Cultural difference in conceptions of Jesus, Journal of Research in Personality 45 (1), 2011, pp. 84–91.10.1016/j.jrp.2010.11.018Search in Google Scholar

67. Penke, L., Asendorpf, J. B. Beyond Global Sociosexual Orientations: A More Differentiated Look at Sociosexuality and Its Effects on Courtship and Romantic Relationships, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 95 (5), (2008), pp. 1113–1135.Search in Google Scholar

68. Pew Research Center. “Nones” on the Rise: One-in-Five Adults Have No Religious Affiliation, 2012, retrieved from https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2012/10/NonesOnTheRise-full.pdf.Search in Google Scholar

69. Pew Research Center. U.S. Public Becoming Less Religious: Modest Drop in Overall Rates of Belief and Practice, but Religoiusly Affiliated Americans Are as Observant as Before, 2015, retrieved from https://www.pewforum.org/2015/11/03/u-s-public-becoming-less-religious/Search in Google Scholar

70. Piedmont, R. L. Strategies for Using the Five-Factor Model of Personality in Religious Research, Journal of Psychology and Theology 27 (4), 1999, pp. 338–350.10.1177/009164719902700406Search in Google Scholar

71. Piedmont, R. L., Williams, J. E. G., & Ciarrocchi, J. W. Personality Correlates of One’s Image of Jesus: Historiographic Analysis Using the Five-Factor Model of Personality, Journal of Psychology and Theology 25 (3), 1997, pp. 364–373.10.1177/009164719702500305Search in Google Scholar

72. Rammstedt, B., John, O. P. Measuring personality in one minute or less: A 10-item short version of the Big Five Inventory in English and German, Journal of Research in Personality 41(1), 2007, pp. 203–212.10.1016/j.jrp.2006.02.001Search in Google Scholar

73. Rouse, S. V. Differences among religiously unaffiliated and Christians in the perceptions of the personality of Jesus, Journal of Beliefs and Values 39 (4), 2018, pp. 463–473.10.1080/13617672.2018.1514786Search in Google Scholar

74. Saroglou, V. Religion and the five factors of personality: A meta-analytic review, Personality and Individual Differences 32, 2002, pp. 15–25.10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00233-6Search in Google Scholar

75. Saroglou, V. Religiousness as a cultural adaptation of basic traits: A five-factor model perspective, Personality and Social Psychology Review 14 (1), 2010, pp. 108–125.10.1177/108886830935232220023209Search in Google Scholar

76. Saucier, G. Openness versus intellect: Much ado about nothing? European Journal of Personality 6 (5), 1992, pp. 381–386.10.1002/per.2410060506Search in Google Scholar

77. Schmitt, D. P. Sociosexuality from Argentina to Zimbabwe: A 48-nation study of sex, culture, and strategies of human mating, Behavior and Brain Sciences 28, 2005, pp. 247–311.10.1017/S0140525X05000051Search in Google Scholar

78. Schmitt, D. P., Shackelford, T. K. Big Five Traits Related to Short-Term Mating: From Personality to Promiscuity across 46 Nations, Evolutionary Psychology 6 (2), 2008.10.1177/147470490800600204Search in Google Scholar

79. Selfhout, M., Denissen, J., Branje, S., & Meeus, W. In the Eye of the Beholder: Perceived, Actual, and Peer-Rated Similarity in Personality, Communication, and Friendship Intensity During the Acquaintanceship Process, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 96 (6), 2009, pp. 1152–1165.10.1037/a001446819469593Search in Google Scholar

80. Sharp, C. A., Davis, E. B., George, K., Cuthbert, A. D., Zahl, B. P., Davis, D. E., et al. Measures of God representations: Theoretical framework and critical review, Psychology of Religion and Spirituality 2019, https://doi.org/10.1037/rel0000257.10.1037/rel0000257Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

81. Sharp, C. A., Rentfrow, P. J., & Gibson, N. J. S. One God but three concepts: Complexity in Christians’ representations of God, Psychology of Religion and Spirituality 9 (1), 2015, pp. 95–105.10.1037/rel0000053Search in Google Scholar

82. Sheikh, H., Gómez, Á., & Atran, S. Empirical Evidence for the Devoted Actor Model, Current Anthropology 57 (13), 2016, pp. S204–S209.10.1086/686221Search in Google Scholar

83. Shtulman, A., Lindeman, M. Attributes of God: Conceptual Foundations of a Foundational Belief, Cognitive Science 40 (3), 2016, pp. 635–670.10.1111/cogs.1225326041124Search in Google Scholar

84. Shults, F. L., Gore, R., Wildman, W. J., Christopher, J., Lane, J. E., & Toft, M. D. A Generative Model of the Mutual Escalation of Anxiety Between Religious Groups, Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation 21 (4), 2018.10.18564/jasss.3840Search in Google Scholar

85. Silver, C. F., Coleman, T. J., Hood, R. W., & Holcombe, J. M. The six types of nonbelief: a qualitative and quantitative study of type and narrative, Mental Health, Religion and Culture 17 (10), 2014, pp. 990–1001.10.1080/13674676.2014.987743Search in Google Scholar

86. Simpson, J. A., Gangestad, S. W. Individual Differences in Sociosexuality: Evidence for Convergent and Discriminant Validity, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 60 (6), 1991, pp. 870–883.10.1037/0022-3514.60.6.870Search in Google Scholar

87. Sloan, J. Theological Incorrectness: Why Religious People Believe What They Shouldn’t, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.10.1093/0195169263.001.0001Search in Google Scholar

88. Smither, J. W., Walker, A. G. The relationship between core Self-Evaluations, views of god, and Intrinsic/Extrinsic religious motivation, Psychological Reports 116 (2), 2015, pp. 647–662.10.2466/17.07.PR0.116k24w225826433Search in Google Scholar

89. Spilka, B., Armatas, P., & Nussbaum, J. The Concept of God: A Factor-Analytic Approach, Review of Religious Research 6 (1), 1964, pp. 28–36.10.2307/3510880Search in Google Scholar

90. Strawn, B. D., Alexander, M. Correlation of self-perception and image of Christ using the five-factor model of personality, Pastoral Psychology 56 (3), 2008, pp. 341–353.10.1007/s11089-007-0106-xSearch in Google Scholar

91. Swann, W. B., Gómez, Á., Buhrmester, M. D., López-Rodríguez, L., Jiménez, J., & Vázquez, A. Contemplating the Ultimate Sacrifice: Identity Fusion Channels Pro-Group Affect, Cognition, and Moral Decision Making, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 106 (5), 2014, pp. 713–727.10.1037/a003580924749820Search in Google Scholar

92. Swann, W. B., Gómez, Á., Dovidio, J. F., Hart, S., & Jetten, J. Dying and killing for one’s group: identity fusion moderates responses to intergroup versions of the trolley problem, Psychological Science 21 (8), 2010, pp. 1176–1183.10.1177/095679761037665620622141Search in Google Scholar

93. Swann, W. B., Gómez, Á., Huici, C., Morales, J. F., & Hixon, J. G. Identity fusion and self-sacrifice: arousal as a catalyst of pro-group fighting, dying, and helping behavior, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 99 (5), 2010, pp. 824–841.10.1037/a002001420649370Search in Google Scholar

94. Swann, W. B., Gómez, Á., Seyle, D. C., Morales, J. F., & Huici, C. Identity fusion: the interplay of personal and social identities in extreme group behavior, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 96 (5), 2009, pp. 995–1011.10.1037/a001366819379032Search in Google Scholar

95. Swann, W. B., Jetten, J., Gómez, Á., Whitehouse, H., & Bastian, B. When group membership gets personal: a theory of identity fusion, Psychological Review 119 (3), 2012, pp. 441–456.10.1037/a002858922642548Search in Google Scholar

96. Trapnell, P. D. Openness versus intellect: A lexical left turn, European Journal of Personality, 8 (4), 1994, pp. 273–290.10.1002/per.2410080405Search in Google Scholar

97. Weeden, J., Cohen, A. B., & Kenrick, D. T. Religious attendance as reproductive support, Evolution and Human Behavior 29 (5), 2008, pp. 327–334.10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2008.03.004316113021874105Search in Google Scholar

98. Weeden, J., Kurzban, R. What predicts religiosity? A multinational analysis of reproductive and cooperative morals, Evolution and Human Behavior 34 (6), 2013, pp. 440–445.10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2013.08.006Search in Google Scholar

99. Whitehouse, H. Dying for the group: Towards a general theory of extreme self-sacrifice, Behavioral and Brain Sciences 41, 2018, pp. 1–12.10.1017/S0140525X1800024929409552Search in Google Scholar

100. Whitehouse, H., Lanman, J. A. The Ties that Bind US: Ritual, Fusion, and Identification, Current Anthropology 55 (6), 2014, pp. 674–695.10.1086/678698Search in Google Scholar

101. Youyou, W., Stillwell, D., Schwartz, H. A., & Kosinski, M. Birds of a Feather Do Flock Together: Behavior-Based Personality-Assessment Method Reveals Personality Similarity Among Couples and Friends, Psychological Science 28 (3), 2017, pp. 276–284.10.1177/095679761667818728059682Search in Google Scholar

102. Zahl, B. P., Gibson, N. J. S. God Representations, Attachment to God, and Satisfaction With Life: A Comparison of Doctrinal and Experiential Representations of God in Christian Young Adults, International Journal for the Psychology of Religion 22 (3), 2012, pp. 216–230.10.1080/10508619.2012.670027Search in Google Scholar