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Figure 1

Soil profile and CPTU sounding results.
Soil profile and CPTU sounding results.

Figure 2

Determination of qmax for non-standard q-εa curves. Procedure adopted after Hendry et al. (2012).
Determination of qmax for non-standard q-εa curves. Procedure adopted after Hendry et al. (2012).

Figure 3

The CU tests results for (a) organic silty clay, (b) organic silt and (c) peat.
The CU tests results for (a) organic silty clay, (b) organic silt and (c) peat.

Figure 4

The results of CD tests on organic silt.
The results of CD tests on organic silt.

Figure 5

SBTn chart based on Qtn-F (Robertson, 2016).
SBTn chart based on Qtn-F (Robertson, 2016).

Effective friction angle of soft soils deposits.

Soilϕ’Reference
CLAYSBothkennar clay34°(Hight et al., 1992)
Osaka bay clay25–40°(Tanaka and Locat, 1999)
Omono clay50–60°(Yasuhara and Takenaka, 1977)
Muck clay52–60°(Tsushima et al., 1977)
Juturnaiba organic clay23–57°(Coutinho and Lacerda, 1989)
Soft organic clay32.0°(Danziger, 2007)
Organic clay30.0°(Larsson et al., 2007)
Organic clay38–46°(Cheng et al., 2007)
Organic clay from Cubzac-les-Ponts28–34°(Shahanguian, 1981)
Various organic clays44–74°(Krieg, 2000)
Alluvial clay31.5°(Sandroni et al., 2015)
Soft alluvial clay36°(Takemura et al., 2006)
Soft alluvial Atchafalaya clay20.2°(Donaghe and Townsend, 1978)
Soft deltaic clay36.0°(Sultan et al., 2004; Dan et al., 2007)
SILTSAlluvial clayey silt28°(Lambson et al., 1993; Powell and Lunne, 2005)
Organic silt38–56°(Cheng et al., 2007)
PEATSwedish clayey gyttja60–90°(Larsson, 1990)
Eemian gyttja29–44°(Pietrzykowski, 2004)
peat63–65°(Cheng et al., 2007)
Middleton peat60°(Ajlouni, 2000)
Ohmiya peat51–55°(Yamaguchi et al., 1985)
Edson peat28.8–50.1°(Hendry et al., 2012)
THISJazowa silty clay23°
STUDYJazowa organic silt31°
Jazowa peat56°

Selected index properties of the Vistula Marshlands soft soils.

Soil layerSampling depthwcγGsPLLLIPLOI
[m][%][kN/m3][g/cm3][%][%][%][%]
Organic silty clay (OH)3.2÷4.0554.4 ÷75.914.22 ÷14.522.54 ÷2.6140.7 ÷55.390.4 ÷119.049.7 ÷63.711.4 ÷16.2
Organic silt (OH)9.5÷10.545.4 ÷57.315.6÷16.62.54 ÷2.67228.3 ÷38.053.7÷57.115.7 ÷27.554.2÷7.1
Peat (Pt)13.0÷14..0179.210.51.57N/AN/AN/A87.2

Values of effective friction angle of soft soils in Jazowa.

Soil typeType of the test
CUCDCPTU
NHT method (Mayne, 2007)NTH modified method (Ouyang & Mayne, 2017)
Organic silty clay (3.2–4.0 m depth)23.1°23.4° *N/AN/A
Organic silt (9.5–10.0 m depth)31.3°31.0°27.9°±1.231.3°±1.4
Peat (~14.0 m depth)55.7°N/A29.0°±2.4N/A
eISSN:
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Language:
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Journal Subjects:
Geosciences, other, Materials Sciences, Composites, Porous Materials, Physics, Mechanics and Fluid Dynamics