Mixture of Crushed- Stone Aggregate as Material For Substructure Layers
, , and | Aug 04, 2018
About this article
Article Category: Research Article
Published Online: Aug 04, 2018
Page range: 154 - 162
Received: Mar 23, 2018
Accepted: May 29, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/sgem-2018-0014
Keywords
© 2018 Joanna Hydzik-Wiśniewska et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.
Figure 1
![The curves of grain composition of the mixtures of 0/31.5 mm with the area of good granulation for subbase (SDV acc. to WT-4 [23]).](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647377fd4e662f30ba53f761/j_sgem-2018-0014_fig_001.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20240608T230327Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=18000&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKP25APDM2%2F20240608%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=25317da852bc7bba5c8ecfd33085f5868ea7cc20928fa5c402b8faefeafebf6a)
Figure 2
![The curves of grain composition of the mixtures of 0–63 mm with the area of good granulation for subbase (SDV acc. to WT-4 [23]).](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647377fd4e662f30ba53f761/j_sgem-2018-0014_fig_002.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20240608T230327Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=18000&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKP25APDM2%2F20240608%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=24fdb70ae0bd246bc3b2c2f610b6671bf773e5053deb571e75e02242341e068f)
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Optimum moisture content and maximum dry density for tested samples.
| Type of aggregate | Mine | Mixture of 0/31.5 mm | Mixture of 0/63 mm | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Optimum moisture content [%] | Maximum dry density [g/cm3] | Optimum moisture content [%] | Maximum dry density [g/cm3] | ||
| dolomite | Dubie | 5.8 | 2.205 | 6.2 | 2.155 |
| Żelatowa | 6.3 | 2.066 | 5.6 | 2.040 | |
| limestone | Czatkowice | 4.4 | 2.190 | 7.1 | 2.240 |
| sandstone | Klęczany | 6.4 | 2.290 | 5.0 | 2.360 |
| Lipowica | 6.8 | 2.280 | 4.8 | 2.390 | |
| basalt | Winna Góra | 6.5 | 2.230 | 3.9 | 2.223 |
| granite | Rogoźnica | 3.1 | 2.080 | 6.5 | 2.052 |
| serpentinite | Nasławice | 4.3 | 1.962 | 4.6 | 2.050 |
| magnesia – serpentinite | Grochów | 6.9 | 2.020 | 7.3 | 1.980 |
Values of CBR ratio for mixtures after compaction and after four days of soaking in water.
| Type of aggregate | Mine | Mixture of 0/31.5 mm | Mixture of 0/63 mm | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CBR directly after compaction [%] | CBR after four days of soaking in water [%] | CBR directly after compaction [%] | CBR after four days of soaking in water [%] | ||
| Dolomite | Dubie | 39.6 | 30.9 | 26.0 | 24.1 |
| Żelatowa | 29.5 | 22.7 | 23.2 | 21.0 | |
| Limestone | Czatkowice | 47.0 | 24.8 | 31.2 | 29.6 |
| Sandstone | Klęczany | 37.6 | 34.2 | 43.3 | 36.9 |
| Lipowica | 34.3 | 28.8 | 51.0 | 49.8 | |
| Basalt | Winna Góra | 42.3 | 38.7 | 40.1 | 37.0 |
| Granite | Rogoźnica | 37.7 | 41.5 | 18.1 | 20.1 |
| serpentinite | Nasławice | 51.7 | 40.3 | 59.6 | - |
| magnesia-serpentinite | Grochów | 36.5 | 33.2 | 43.2 | 31.1 |
Ground characteristic according toPN-ISO14688-2:2006[4] indicator.
| Granulation | Uniformity coefficient | Coefficient of gradation |
|---|---|---|
| Multiple fraction soil | > 15 | 1 – 3 |
| Moderate structure soil | 6 – 15 | < 1 |
| Even grain structure soil | < 6 | < 1 |
| Non-continuous structure soil | High value | Mostly<0.5 |
Average values of mixtures of crushed aggregate properties with granulation of 0/31.5 mm and 0/63 mm.
| Rock material | Mine/deposit/mixture | Uniformity coefficient | Coefficient of gradation | Water absorption WA24 [%] | Frost resistance, loss of weight | Flakiness index | Mass fraction of passing 0.063mm | Sand equivalent | Los Angeles coefficients | Resistance to wear micro-Deval |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Test according to | PN-EN ISO 14688-2 [ | PN-EN 1097-6 [ | PN-EN 1367-1 [ | PN-EN 933-3 [ | PN-EN 933-1 [ | PN-EN 933-8 [ | PN-EN 1097-2 [ | PN-EN 1097-1 [ | ||
| dolomite | Dubie 0/31.5 | 158.3 | 29.5 | 1.2 | 2.3 | 29.0 | 10.7 | 20.0 | 23 | bd |
| Dubie 0/63 | 22.0 | 2.0 | 1.1 | 1.7 | 22.3 | 4.9 | 39.0 | 24 | bd | |
| Żelatowa 0/31.5 | 250.0 | 14.4 | 4.2 | 0.31 | 30.9 | 10.9 | 17.8 | 30 | 29 | |
| Żelatowa 0/63 | 192.3 | 11.4 | 3.7 | 0.35 | 28.7 | 8.6 | 15.6 | 30 | 30 | |
| limestone | Czatkowice 0/31.5 | 86.7 | 2.7 | 1.5 | 3.2 | 13.0 | 7.6 | 26.4 | 23 | 16.5 |
| Czatkowice0/63 | 50.0 | 2.1 | 1.4 | 0.8 | 16.0 | 4.8 | 24.6 | 25 | 17 | |
| sandstone | Klęczany 0/31.5 | 96.7 | 4.9 | 1.7 | 2.5 | 17.5 | 10.7 | 22.8 | 24 | 36 |
| Klęczany 0/63,5 | 54.5 | 3.9 | 1.6 | 0.7 | 7.9 | 5.4 | 29.4 | 23 | 40 | |
| Lipowica 0/31.5 | 91.7 | 4.4 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 14.4 | 10.4 | 28.2 | 21 | 32 | |
| Lipowica 0/63 | 93.3 | 4.3 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 13.2 | 6.5 | 27.6 | 21 | 33 | |
| basalt | Winna Góra 0/31.5 | 18.0 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 49.4 | 4.4 | 50.5 | 15 | 16 |
| Winna Góra 0/63 | 18.7 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 0.6 | 35.0 | 2.4 | 33.7 | 16 | 15 | |
| granite | Rogoźnica 0/31.5 | 60.0 | 8.7 | 0.5 | 0.12 | 15.3 | 3.6 | 35.6 | 33 | 8 |
| Rogoźnica 0/63 | 43.5 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.09 | 12.9 | 2.7 | 33.7 | 34 | 7 | |
| serpentinite | Nasławice 0/31.5 | 126.3 | 9.6 | 1.8 | 2.75 | 18.4 | 9.4 | 11.1 | 19 | 13 |
| Nasławice 0/63 | 53.3 | 3.9 | 1.8 | 2.42 | 27.5 | 7.0 | 15.6 | 20 | 11 | |
| magnesia-serpentinite | Grochów 0/31.5 | 36.7 | 6.7 | 2.50 | 0.86 | 14.8 | 5.7 | 16.8 | 19 | 25 |
| Grochów 0/63 | 50.0 | 4.1 | 2.33 | 0.64 | 13.0 | 6.1 | 19.4 | 19 | 26 | |