First finding of Trichinella pseudospiralis in two tawny owls (Strix aluco) from Sweden

[1] Airas, N., Saari, S., Mikkonen, T., Virtala, A. M., Pellika, J., Oksanen, A., Isomursu, M., Sukura, A. (2010): Trichinella in the North. Acta Vet. Scand., 52(Suppl 1): S8. DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-52-S1-S8 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1751-0147-52-S1-S810.1186/1751-0147-52-S1-S8Search in Google Scholar

[2] BirdGuides Ltd. (2013) London, Western Palearctic List [Online], Available: http://www.birdguides.com. Accessed 1 October 2013 Search in Google Scholar

[3] Calero, R., Martinéz, F., Hernadéz, S. (1978): Parasitacion de Buteo Buteo (Aves: Accipitridae) por Trichinella sp. en el Parque Zoologico de Jerez de la Fronterera. Rev. Iber. Parasitol., 38: 135–138 (In Spanish) Search in Google Scholar

[4] Gamble, H. R., Bessonov, A. S., Cuperlovic, K., Gajadhar, A. A., Van Knappen, F., Nöckler, K., Schenone, H., Zhu, X. (2000): International Commission on Trichinellosis: recommendations on methods for the control of Trichinella in domestic and wil animals intended for human consumption. Vet. Parasitol., 93: 393–408. DOI: 10.1016/S0304-4017(00)00354-X http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4017(00)00354-X10.1016/S0304-4017(00)00354-XSearch in Google Scholar

[5] Garkavi, B. L. (1972): Species of Trichinella isolates from wild animals. Veterinarya (Moscow), 10: 90–91 Search in Google Scholar

[6] Hafner, M. S., Sudman, P. D., Villablanca, F. X., Spradling, T. A., Demaster, J. W., Nadler, S. A. (1994): Disparate rates of molecular evolution in cospeciating hosts and parasites. Science 265: 1087–1090. DOI: 10.1126/science.8066445 http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.806644510.1126/science.8066445Search in Google Scholar

[7] Hurníková, Z., Dubinský, P. (2009): Long-term survey on Trichinella prevalence in wildlife of Slovakia. Vet. Parasitol., 159: 276–280. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.10.056 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.10.05610.1016/j.vetpar.2008.10.056Search in Google Scholar

[8] Hurníková, Z., Šnábel, V., Pozio, E., Reiterová, K., Hrčková, G., Halásová, D., Dubinský, P. (2005): First record of Trichinella pseudospiralis in the Slovak Republic found in domestic focus. Vet. Parasitol., 128: 91–98. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.013 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.01310.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.013Search in Google Scholar

[9] Jaksic, F. M. (1982): Inadequacy of activity time as a niche difference: The case of diurnal and nocturnal raptors. Oecologia, 52:171–175 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF0036383210.1007/BF00363832Search in Google Scholar

[10] Kapel, C. M. O., Gamble, H. R. (2000): Infectivity, persistence, and antibody response to domestic and sylvatic Trichinella spp. in experimentally infected pigs. Int. J. Parasitol., 30: 215–221. DOI: 10.1016/S0020-7519(99)00202-7 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7519(99)00202-710.1016/S0020-7519(99)00202-7Search in Google Scholar

[11] Kinsella, J. M., Foster, G. W., Forrester, D. J. (2001): Parasitic helminths of five species of owls from Florida, USA. Comp. Parasitol., 68:130–134 Search in Google Scholar

[12] La Rosa, G., Marucci, G., Zarlenga, D. S., Pozio, E. (2001): Trichinella pseudospiralis populations of the Palearctic region and their relationship with populations of the Nearctic and Australian regions. Int. J. Parasitol., 31: 297–305. DOI: 10.1016/S0020-7519(01)00110-2 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7519(01)00110-210.1016/S0020-7519(01)00110-2Search in Google Scholar

[13] Lindsay. D. S., Zarlenga, D. S., Gamble, H. R., Alyaman, F., Smith, P. C., Blagburn, B. L. (1995): Isolation and characterisation of Trichinella pseudospiralis Garkavi, 1972 from Black Vulture (Coragyps atratus). J. Parasitol., 81: 920–923 http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/328404110.2307/3284041Search in Google Scholar

[14] Lundberg, A. (1980): Why are the Ural owl Strix uralensis and the Tawny owl S. aluco parapatric in Scandinavia? Ornis Scandinavica., 11: 116–120 http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/367591710.2307/3675917Search in Google Scholar

[15] Malakauskas, A., Paulauskas, A., Jarvis, T., Keidans, P., Eddi, C., Kapel, C. M. O. (2007): Molecular epidemiology of Trichinella spp. in three Baltic countries: Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. Parasitol. Res., 100: 687–693. DOI: 10.1007/s00436-006-0320-y http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-006-0320-y10.1007/s00436-006-0320-ySearch in Google Scholar

[16] Nagano, I., Wu, Z., Matsuo, A., Pozio, E., Takahashi, Y. (1999): Identification of Trichinella isolates by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment lenght polymorphism of the mitochondrial cytochrome c-oxidase subunit I gene. Int. J. Parasitol., 29: 1113–1120. DOI: 10.1016/S0020-7519(99)00060-0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7519(99)00060-010.1016/S0020-7519(99)00060-0Search in Google Scholar

[17] Nöckler, K., Reckinger, S., Pozio, E. (2006): Trichinella spiralis and Trichinella pseudospiralis mixed infection in a wild boar (Sus scrofa) of Germany. Vet. Parasitol., 137: 364–368. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.01.031 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.01.03110.1016/j.vetpar.2006.01.031Search in Google Scholar

[18] Obendorf, D. L., Clark, K. P. (1992): Trichinella pseudospiralis infections in free-living Tasmanian birds. J. Helminthol. Soc.Wash., 59: 144–147 Search in Google Scholar

[19] Oivanen, L., Kapel, C. M. O., Pozio, E., La Rosa, G., Mikkonen, T., Sukura, A. (2002): Associations between Trichinella species and host species in Finland. J. Parasitol., 88: 84–88. DOI: 10.1645/0022-3395(2002)088[0084:ABTSAH]2.0.CO;2 http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/0022-3395(2002)088[0084:ABTSAH]2.0.CO;2Search in Google Scholar

[20] Oivanen, L., Näreaho, A., Jokela, S., Rikula, U., Gamble, R., Sukura, A. (2005): The prevalence of Trichinella infection in domestic dogs in Finland. Vet. Parasitol., 132: 125–129. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.05.040 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.05.04010.1016/j.vetpar.2005.05.040Search in Google Scholar

[21] Oivanen, L., Oksanen, A. (2009): Synanthropic Trichinella infection in Finland. Vet. Parasitol., 159: 281–284. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.10.057 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.10.05710.1016/j.vetpar.2008.10.057Search in Google Scholar

[22] Pozio, E. (2005): The broad spectrum of Trichinella hosts: From cold- to warm-blooded animals. Vet. Parasitol., 132: 3–11. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.05.024 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.05.02410.1016/j.vetpar.2005.05.024Search in Google Scholar

[23] Pozio, E. (2009): World distribution of Trichinella spp. infections in animals and humans. Vet. Parasitol., 149: 3–21. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.07.002 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.07.00210.1016/j.vetpar.2007.07.002Search in Google Scholar

[24] Pozio, E., La Rosa, G. (2003): PCR-derived methods for the identification of Trichinella parasites from animal and human samples. Methods in Molecular Biology 216: 299–309. DOI: 10.1385/1-59259-344-5:299 10.1385/1-59259-344-5:299Search in Google Scholar

[25] Pozio, E., Murrell, K.D. (2006): Systematics and epidemiology of Trichinella. Adv. Parasitol., 63: 367–439. DOI: 10.1016/S0065-308X(06)63005-4 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0065-308X(06)63005-410.1016/S0065-308X(06)63005-4Search in Google Scholar

[26] Pozio, E., Goffredo, M., Fico, R., La Rosa, G. (1999): Trichinella pseudospiralis in sedentary night-birds of prey from Central Italy. J. Parasitol., 85: 759–761 http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/328576010.2307/3285760Search in Google Scholar

[27] Pozio, E., Christensson, D., Sten, M. (2004): Trichinella pseudospiralis foci in Sweden. Vet. Parasitol. 125: 335–342. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.07.020 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.07.02010.1016/j.vetpar.2004.07.020Search in Google Scholar

[28] Pozio, E., Zarlenga, D. S. (2013) New pieces of the Trichinella puzzle. Int. J. Parasitol. 43: 983–997. DOI: dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2013.05.010 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2013.05.01010.1016/j.ijpara.2013.05.010Search in Google Scholar

[29] Santoro, M., Kinsella, J. M., Galiero, G., Degli Uberti, B., Aznar, F. J. (2012): Helminth community structure in birds of prey (Accipitriformes and Falconiformes) in southern Italy. J. Parasitol., 98: 22–29. DOI: 10.1645/GE-2924.1 http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/GE-2924.110.1645/GE-2924.1Search in Google Scholar

[30] Shaikenov, B. (1980): Spontaneous infection of birds with Trichinella pseudospiralis Garkavi, 1972. Folia Parasitol., 27: 27–30 Search in Google Scholar

[31] Zarlenga, D. S., Dame, J. B. (1992): The identification and characterisation of a break within the large subunit ribosomal RNA of Trichinellaspiralis:comparison of gap sequences within the genus. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol., 51: 281–290 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-6851(92)90078-X10.1016/0166-6851(92)90078-XSearch in Google Scholar

[32] Wu, Z., Šnábel, V., Pozio, E., Hurníková, Z., Nareaho, A., Nagano, I., Takahashi, Y. (2007): Genetic relationships among Trichinella pseudospiralis isolates from Australian, Nearctic, and Palearctic regions. Parasitol. Res., 101: 1567–1573. DOI: 10.1007/s00436-007-0677-6 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-007-0677-610.1007/s00436-007-0677-617687567Search in Google Scholar