Genitourinary tuberculosis in children - a diagnostic challenge

1. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control/WHO Regional Office for Europe. Tuberculosis surveillance and monitoring in Europe 2013.Search in Google Scholar

Stockholm: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, 2013. ( http://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/Tuberculosis-surveillance-monitoring-2013.pdf)Search in Google Scholar

2. http://www.ccss.ro/public_html/sites/default/files//Pincipalii_indicatori_ai_cunoasterii_starii_de_sanatate_2011.pdfSearch in Google Scholar

3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2000 (http://www.cdc.gov)Search in Google Scholar

4. Figueiredo AA, Lucon AM, Junior RF, Srougi M. Epidemiology of urogenital tuberculosis worldwide. Int J Urol. 2008;15(9):827-3210.1111/j.1442-2042.2008.02099.xSearch in Google Scholar

5. Rai A, Pahwa H, Jain V, Misra S. Management of Genito-Urinary Tuberculosis. The Internet Journal of Surgery 2010;23(1). DOI: 10.5580/173a10.5580/173aSearch in Google Scholar

6. Nerli RB, Kamat GV, Alur SB, Koura A, Vikram P, Amarkhed SS. Genitourinary tuberculosis in pediatric urological practice. J Pediatr Urol. 2008;4(4):299-30310.1016/j.jpurol.2007.11.016Search in Google Scholar

7. Lenk S, Schroeder J. Genitourinary tuberculosis. Curr Opin Urol. 2001;11:93-810.1097/00042307-200101000-00014Search in Google Scholar

8. Hopewell PC. A clinical view of tuberculosis. Radiol Clin North Am. 1995;33:641-5310.1016/S0033-8389(22)00610-8Search in Google Scholar

9. Chattopadhyay A, Bhatnagar V, Agarwala S, Mitra DK. Genitourinary tuberculosis in pediatric surgical practice. J Ped Surg. 1997;32(9):1283-610.1016/S0022-3468(97)90302-XSearch in Google Scholar

10. Carrol ED, Clark JE, Cant AJ. Non-pulmonary tuberculosis. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2001;2(2):113-910.1053/prrv.2000.0118Search in Google Scholar

11. Vasanthakumari R. Mycobacteria in Textbook of Microbiology BI Publications Pvt Ltd New Delhi 2007, 231-251Search in Google Scholar

12. Sandin RL. Polymerase chain reaction and other amplification technique in mycobacteria. Clin Lab Med. 1996;16(3):617-3910.1016/S0272-2712(18)30258-0Search in Google Scholar

13. WHO report 2012. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012. Global tuberculosis report. (WHO/HTM/TB/2012.6)Search in Google Scholar

14. Richeldi L: An update on the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006 Oct;174(7):736-4210.1164/rccm.200509-1516PP16799073Search in Google Scholar

15. Segall L, Covic A. Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Dialysis Patients: Current Strategy. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2010 Jun;5(6):1114-2210.2215/CJN.0923120920413440Search in Google Scholar

16. Johnson WD, Johnson CW, Lowe FC: Tuberculosis and parasitic diseases of the genitourinary system. PC Walsh, AB Retik, ED Vaughan, AJ Wein (Eds.), Campbell's urology (8th ed.), Saunders,Philadelphia (2002), 743-763Search in Google Scholar

17. Aaronson IA. Urogenital tuberculosis in children. S Afr Med J 1987;71(7):424-6Search in Google Scholar

18. Ingelfinger JR, Davis AE, Grupe WE. Frequency and etiology of gross hematuria in a general pediatric setting. Pediatrics. 1977;59(4):557-6110.1542/peds.59.4.557Search in Google Scholar

19. Dhua AK, Borkar N, Ghosh V, Aggarwal SK. Renal tuberculosis in infancy. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg. 2011Apr;16(2):69-7110.4103/0971-9261.78136311994221731237Search in Google Scholar

20. Dhandore P, Hombalkar NN, Vaze D. Nonhealing sinus on the back: A rare presentation of genitourinary tuberculosis. J Pediatr Urol. 2010 Aug;6(4):423-510.1016/j.jpurol.2009.12.00820093093Search in Google Scholar

21. Andronikou S, Wieselthaler N. Modern imaging of tuberculosis in children: thoracic, central nervous system and abdominal tuberculosis. Pediatr Radiol. 2004; 34(11):861-7510.1007/s00247-004-1236-215372216Search in Google Scholar

22. Cremin BJ. Radiological imaging of urogenital TB in children with emphasis on ultrasound. Pediatr Radiol. 1987;17(1):34-810.1007/BF023865923547277Search in Google Scholar

23. Chiang LW, Jacobsen AS, Ong CL, Huang WS. Persistent sterile pyuria in children? Don’t forget tuberculosis! Singapore Med J. 2010;51(3):e48-50Search in Google Scholar

24. Cek M., Lenk S, Naber KG, Bishop MC, Johansen TE, Botto H, Grabe M, Lobel B, Redorta JP, Tenke P. EAU Guidelines for the Management of Genitourinary Tuberculosis. Eur Urol. 2005;48(3):353-6210.1016/j.eururo.2005.03.00815982799Search in Google Scholar

25. Kadhiravan T, Sharma SK. Medical management of genitourinary tuberculosis. Indian J Urol. 2008;24(3):362-8.10.4103/0970-1591.42619268434119468470Search in Google Scholar

26. Figueiredo AA, Lucon AM. Urogenital Tuberculosis: Update and Review of 8961 cases from the World Literature. Rev Urol. 2008;10(3):207-17Search in Google Scholar

27. Chiappini E, Fossi F, Bonsignori F, Sollai S, Galli L, de Martino M. Utility of interferon-γ release assay results to monitor anti-tubercular treatment in adults and children. Clin Ther. 2012 May;34(5):1041-8 10.1016/j.clinthera.2012.03.00622512899Search in Google Scholar