<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><p>The article discusses a method applied for combining the results of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and 75-year old triangulation measurements to estimate the crustal movements in central western Bulgaria region. It was examined for joint analysis based on the results of GNSS with angular measurements of the first order triangulation network in Bulgaria during the period 1923–1930 year. As a result of the processing of GNSS and angular measurements, horizontal velocities of 15 points, strain rates, and rotation rates have been obtained. The results show dominating N–S extension at a rate of 1–2 mm/y and the deformation is not uniformly distributed over the studied area. The obtained results indicate the possibility of using old angular measurement of first-order triangulation points, together with GNSS data, to obtain estimates of the horizontal crustal movements.</p></abstract>

The article discusses a method applied for combining the results of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and 75-year old triangulation measurements to estimate the crustal movements in central western Bulgaria region. It was examined for joint analysis based on the results of GNSS with angular measurements of the first order triangulation network in Bulgaria during the period 1923–1930 year. As a result of the processing of GNSS and angular measurements, horizontal velocities of 15 points, strain rates, and rotation rates have been obtained. The results show dominating N–S extension at a rate of 1–2 mm/y and the deformation is not uniformly distributed over the studied area. The obtained results indicate the possibility of using old angular measurement of first-order triangulation points, together with GNSS data, to obtain estimates of the horizontal crustal movements.

Deformation analysis in central west Bulgaria using triangulation and GPS data

Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

{"article-title":"Deformation analysis in central west Bulgaria using triangulation and GPS data"}

The article discusses a method applied for combining the results of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and 75-year old triangulation measurements to...

ID	Epoch
	1997	2000	2003	2005	2006
BREZ	X	X
BUHO	X	X
LOZE	X	X
SLIV	X	X
VERI	X	X
VLAD	X	X
PLA1	X	X
0082			X
0081			X
0083			X
0017			X
0011			X
0012			X
0016			X
0026			X	X	X

ST	V_x	m_x	V_y	m_y	V_z	m_z	V_n	m_n	V_e	m_e
	[mm/y]	[mm]	[mm/y]	[mm]	[mm/y]	[mm]	[mm/y]	[mm]	[mm/y]	[mm]
81	0.6	0.4	1.3	0.5	-2.5	0.4	-2.6	0.5	0.9	0.5
82	0.6	0.4	1.4	0.5	-2.7	0.4	-2.7	0.5	1.0	0.5
83	0.5	0.4	1.8	0.6	-2.9	0.4	-2.9	0.6	1.4	0.6
17	0.6	0.5	2.3	0.7	-3.2	0.5	-3.3	0.6	1.9	0.7
12	0.7	0.4	-0.3	0.4	-1.6	0.4	-1.6	0.5	-0.7	0.5
11	0.4	0.5	1.5	0.6	-2.5	0.5	-2.5	0.6	1.1	0.7
26	1.4	0.6	-1.3	0.4	-1.5	0.6	-1.6	0.2	-1.8	0.3
16	0.8	0.3	0.5	0.4	-2.2	0.3	-2.3	0.4	0.1	0.4
VERI	1.2	0.1	0.0	0.1	-2.2	0.1	-2.3	0.4	-0.5	0.3
PLA1	1.0	0.1	0.1	0.1	-2.1	0.1	-2.2	0.3	-0.4	0.2
BUHO	0.8	0.2	1.4	0.1	-2.8	0.2	-2.9	0.5	0.9	0.4
LOZE	0.9	0.3	0.6	0.1	-2.4	0.3	-2.5	0.5	0.2	0.4
VLAD	0.6	0.2	1.8	0.1	-2.9	0.1	-2.9	0.4	1.3	0.3
BREZ	0.4	0.2	1.3	0.1	-2.4	0.2	-2.4	0.5	1.1	0.4
SLIV	0.4	0.2	1.8	0.1	-2.7	0.2	-2.8	0.5	1.5	0.4

Deformation analysis in central west Bulgaria using triangulation and GPS data

Article Category: Original article

Published Online: Dec 08, 2019

Page range: 23 - 26

Received: Aug 02, 2019

Accepted: Nov 20, 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/rgg-2019-0009

© 2019 Nikolay Dimitrov, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Epoch of GPS measurements

Velocities of points with respect to stable Eurasia