This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Hillas G, Perlikos F, Tzanakis N. Acute exacerbation of COPD: is it the “stroke of the lungs”? Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2016 Jul 13;11:1579–86. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S106160. PMID: 27471380; PMCID: PMC4948693.HillasGPerlikosFTzanakisN.Acute exacerbation of COPD: is it the “stroke of the lungs”?. 2016Jul13;11:1579–86. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S106160. PMID: 27471380; PMCID: PMC4948693.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
2023 GOLD REPORT—GLOBAL STRATEGY FOR PREVENTION, DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF COPD: 2023 Report-Evidence-based strategy document for COPD diagnosis, management, and prevention, with citations from the scientific literature.2023 GOLD REPORT—GLOBAL STRATEGY FOR PREVENTION, DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF COPD: 2023.Search in Google Scholar
WGO-WGO Practice Guideline-(Updated 2015)-Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)-World Gastroenterology Organisation [https://www.worldgastroen-terology.org/guidelines/gastroesophageal-reflux-disease— accessed 15 May 2023] [https://www.worldgastroen-terology.org/guidelines/gastroesophageal-reflux-disease— accessed 15 May 2023]Search in Google Scholar
Vakil N, van Zanten SV, Kahrilas P, Dent J, Jones R; Global Consensus Group. The Montreal definition and classification of gastroesophageal reflux disease: a global evidence-based consensus. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006 Aug;101(8):1900–20; quiz 1943. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00630.x.VakilNvan ZantenSVKahrilasPDentJJonesR; Global Consensus Group. . 2006Aug;101(8):1900–20; quiz 1943. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00630.x.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Zou M, Zhang W, Xu Y, Zhu Y. Relationship Between COPD and GERD: A Bibliometrics Analysis. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2022 Dec 6;17:3045–3059. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S391878. PMID: 36510485; PMCID: PMC9738194.ZouMZhangWXuYZhuY.Relationship Between COPD and GERD: A Bibliometrics Analysis. . 2022Dec6;17:3045–3059. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S391878. PMID: 36510485; PMCID: PMC9738194.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Wedzicha JA, Donaldson GC. Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Care. 2003 Dec 48(12):1204–13; discussion 1213-5. PMID: 14651761WedzichaJADonaldsonGC.Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. . 2003Dec48(12):1204–13; discussion 1213-5. PMID: 14651761Search in Google Scholar
Hurst JR, Donaldson GC, Quint JK, Goldring JJ, Baghai-Ravary R, Wedzicha JA. Temporal clustering of exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009 Mar 1;179(5):369–74. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200807-1067OC. Epub 2008 Dec 12. PMID: 19074596.HurstJRDonaldsonGCQuintJKGoldringJJBaghai-RavaryRWedzichaJA.Temporal clustering of exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. . 2009Mar1;179(5):369–74. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200807-1067OC. Epub 2008 Dec 12. PMID: 19074596.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Hurst JR, Vestbo J, Anzueto A, Locantore N, Müllerova H, Tal-Singer R, Miller B, Lomas DA, Agusti A, Macnee W, Calverley P, Rennard S, Wouters EF, Wedzicha JA; Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate Endpoints (ECLIPSE) Investigators. Susceptibility to exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med. 2010 Sep 16;363(12):1128–38. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0909883. PMID: 20843247HurstJRVestboJAnzuetoALocantoreNMüllerovaHTal-SingerRMillerBLomasDAAgustiAMacneeWCalverleyPRennardSWoutersEFWedzichaJA; Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate Endpoints (ECLIPSE) Investigators. Susceptibility to exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. . 2010Sep16;363(12):1128–38. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0909883. PMID: 20843247Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Broers C, Tack J, Pauwels A. Review article: gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2018 Jan;47(2):176–191. doi: 10.1111/apt.14416. Epub 2017 Nov 29. PMID: 29193245.BroersCTackJPauwelsA.Review article: gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. . 2018Jan;47(2):176–191. doi: 10.1111/apt.14416. Epub 2017 Nov 29. PMID: 29193245.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Lee AL, Goldstein RS. Gastroesophageal reflux disease in COPD: links and risks. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2015 Sep 14;10:1935–49. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S77562. PMID: 26392769; PMCID: PMC4574848.LeeALGoldsteinRS.Gastroesophageal reflux disease in COPD: links and risks. . 2015Sep14;10:1935–49. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S77562. PMID: 26392769; PMCID: PMC4574848.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Irwin RS, Madison JM, Fraire AE. The cough reflex and its relation to gastroesophageal reflux. Am J Med. 2000 Mar 6;108 Suppl 4a:73S–78S. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9343(99)00341-1. PMID: 10718456.IrwinRSMadisonJMFraireAE.The cough reflex and its relation to gastroesophageal reflux. . 2000Mar6;108 Suppl 4a:73S–78S. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9343(99)00341-1. PMID: 10718456.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Javokova R, Tatar M, Balaz D, Demeter M, Hyrdel R, Kollarik M. Acidification of the oesophagus acutely increases the cough sensitivity in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux and chronic cough. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2008 Feb;20(2):119–24. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2007.01020.x. Epub 2007 Nov 12. PMID: 17999650.JavokovaRTatarMBalazDDemeterMHyrdelRKollarikM.Acidification of the oesophagus acutely increases the cough sensitivity in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux and chronic cough. . 2008Feb;20(2):119–24. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2007.01020.x. Epub 2007 Nov 12. PMID: 17999650.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Sasaki T, Nakayama K, Yasuda H, Yamaya M—A new strategy with proton pump inhibitors for the prevention of acute exacerbations in COPD-TherapAdvances Resp Dis 2011 5(2) : 91–103SasakiTNakayamaKYasudaHYamayaMA new strategy with proton pump inhibitors for the prevention of acute exacerbations in COPD-TherapAdvances20115(2) : 91–103Search in Google Scholar
Kang HH, Seo M, Lee J, Ha So Y, Oh JH, Lee SH—Reflux esophagitis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-Medicine (Baltimore). 2021 Aug 27; 100(34): e27091. Published online 2021 Aug 27. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000027091 PMCID: PMC8389875. PMID: 34449512KangHHSeoMLeeJHa SoYOhJHLeeSH. 2021Aug27; 100(34): e27091. Published online 2021 Aug 27. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000027091 PMCID: PMC8389875. PMID: 34449512Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Phulpoto MA, Qayyum S, Rizvi N, Khuhawar SM. Proportion of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Pak Med Assoc 2005;55(7): 276–7PhulpotoMAQayyumSRizviNKhuhawarSM.Proportion of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 2005;55(7): 276–7Search in Google Scholar
Casanova C, Baudet JS, del Valle Velasco M, Martin JM, Aguirre-Jaime A, de Torres JP, Celli BR.-Increased gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in patients with severe COPD—Eur Respir J. 2004 Jun;23(6):841–45CasanovaCBaudetJSdel Valle VelascoMMartinJMAguirre-JaimeAde TorresJPCelliBR.-Increased gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in patients with severe COPD—. 2004Jun;23(6):841–45Search in Google Scholar
Vincent Yi-Fong Su, Han-Fang Liao, Diahn-Warng Perng, Yueh-Ching Chou, Chia-Chen Hsu, Chia-Lin Chou, Yuh-Lih Chang, Jiin-Cherng Yen, Tzeng-Ji Chen & Ting-Chun Chou (2018) Proton pump inhibitors use is associated with a lower risk of acute exacerbation and mortality in patients with coexistent COPD and GERD, International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 2907-2915, DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S157761 PMID: 30275689; PMCID: PMC6157541.SuVincent Yi-FongLiaoHan-FangPerngDiahn-WarngChouYueh-ChingHsuChia-ChenChouChia-LinChangYuh-LihYenJiin-CherngChenTzeng-JiChouTing-Chun (2018) Proton pump inhibitors use is associated with a lower risk of acute exacerbation and mortality in patients with coexistent COPD and GERD, , 2907–2915, DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S157761 PMID: 30275689; PMCID: PMC6157541.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
FDA—Highlights of prescribing information for Prilosec [https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2018/022056s022lbl.pdf- accessed 15 May 2023]FDA— [ https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2018/022056s022lbl.pdf- accessed 15 May 2023]Search in Google Scholar
Becker JC, Grosser N, Waltke C, Schulz S, Erdmann K, Domschke W, Schröder H, Pohle T. Beyond gastric acid reduction: proton pump inhibitors induce heme oxygenase-1 in gastric and endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Jul 7;345(3):1014–21. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.04.170. Epub 2006 May 6. PMID: 16712795.BeckerJCGrosserNWaltkeCSchulzSErdmannKDomschkeWSchröderHPohleTBeyond gastric acid reduction: proton pump inhibitors induce heme oxygenase-1 in gastric and endothelial cells. . 2006Jul7;345(3):1014–21. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.04.170. Epub 2006 May 6. PMID: 16712795.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Kikuchi S, Imai H, Tani Y, Tajiri T, Watanabe N. Proton pump inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Aug 25;8(8):CD013113. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013113.pub2. PMID: 32844430; PMCID: PMC8188959.KikuchiSImaiHTaniYTajiriTWatanabeN.Proton pump inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. . 2020Aug25;8(8):CD013113. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013113.pub2. PMID: 32844430; PMCID: PMC8188959.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Hatlebakk JG, Katz PO, Camacho-Lobato L, Castell DO. Proton pump inhibitors: better acid suppression when taken before a meal than without a meal. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2000 Oct;14(10):1267–72. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2000.00829.x. PMID: 11012470.HatlebakkJGKatzPOCamacho-LobatoLCastellDO.Proton pump inhibitors: better acid suppression when taken before a meal than without a meal. . 2000Oct;14(10):1267–72. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2000.00829.x. PMID: 11012470.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Proton Pump Inhibitors - LiverTox - NCBI Bookshelf [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547892/—accessed 15 May 2023]. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547892/—accessed 15 May 2023].Search in Google Scholar
Kinoshita Y, Ishimura N, Ishihara S. Advantages and Disadvantages of Long-term Proton Pump Inhibitor Use. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2018 Apr 30;24(2):182–196. doi: 10.5056/jnm18001. PMID: 29605975; PMCID: PMC5885718.KinoshitaYIshimuraNIshiharaS.Advantages and Disadvantages of Long-term Proton Pump Inhibitor Use. . 2018Apr30;24(2):182–196. doi: 10.5056/jnm18001. PMID: 29605975; PMCID: PMC5885718.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Suisse S, Dell’Aniello S, Ernst P. Long-term natural history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: severe exacerbations and mortality. Thorax. 2012 Nov;67(11):957–63. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2011-201518. Epub 2012 Jun 8. PMID: 22684094; PMCID: PMC3505864.SuisseSDell’AnielloSErnstP.Long-term natural history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: severe exacerbations and mortality. . 2012Nov;67(11):957–63. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2011-201518. Epub 2012 Jun 8. PMID: 22684094; PMCID: PMC3505864.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Husebo GR,Bakke PS, Aanerud M, Hardie JA, Ueland T, Grønseth R, Persson LJ, Aukrust P, Eagan TM. Predictors of exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseresults from the Bergen COPD cohort study. PLoS One. 2014 Oct 3;9(10):e109721. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109721. PMID: 25279458; PMCID: PMC4184893.HuseboGRBakkePSAanerudMHardieJAUelandTGrønsethRPerssonLJAukrustPEaganTM.Predictors of exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseresults from the Bergen COPD cohort study. . 2014Oct3;9(10):e109721. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109721. PMID: 25279458; PMCID: PMC4184893.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Gutierrez Villegas C, Paz-Zulueta M, Herrero-Montes M, Parás-Bravo P, Madrazo Pérez M. Cost analysis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a systematic review. Health Econ Rev. 2021 Aug 17;11(1):31. doi: 10.1186/s13561-021-00329-9. PMID: 34403023; PMCID: PMC8369716.Gutierrez VillegasCPaz-ZuluetaMHerrero-MontesMParás-BravoPMadrazo PérezM.Cost analysis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a systematic review. . 2021Aug17;11(1):31. doi: 10.1186/s13561-021-00329-9. PMID: 34403023; PMCID: PMC8369716.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Gunawardana N, Finney L, Johnston SL, Mallia P. Experimental rhinovirus infection in COPD: implications for antiviral therapies. Antiviral Res. 2014 Feb;102:95–105. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.12.006. Epub 2013 Dec 24. PMID: 24370732; PMCID: PMC7172491.GunawardanaNFinneyLJohnstonSLMalliaP.Experimental rhinovirus infection in COPD: implications for antiviral therapies. . 2014Feb;102:95–105. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.12.006. Epub 2013 Dec 24. PMID: 24370732; PMCID: PMC7172491.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Cafferkey J, Coultas JA, Mallia P. Human rhinovirus infection and COPD: role in exacerbations and potential for therapeutic targets. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2020 Aug;14(8):777–789. doi: 10.1080/17476348.2020.1764354. Epub 2020 Jun 4. PMID: 32498634.CafferkeyJCoultasJAMalliaP.Human rhinovirus infection and COPD: role in exacerbations and potential for therapeutic targets. . 2020Aug;14(8):777–789. doi: 10.1080/17476348.2020.1764354. Epub 2020 Jun 4. PMID: 32498634.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Redlberger-Fritz M, Kundi M, Aberle SW, Puchhammer-Stöckl E. Significant impact of nationwide SARS-CoV-2 lockdown measures on the circulation of other respiratory virus infections in Austria. J Clin Virol. 2021 Apr;137:104795. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2021.104795. Epub 2021 Mar 16. PMID: 33761423; PMCID: PMC7962988.Redlberger-FritzMKundiMAberleSWPuchhammer-StöcklE.Significant impact of nationwide SARS-CoV-2 lockdown measures on the circulation of other respiratory virus infections in Austria. . 2021Apr;137:104795. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2021.104795. Epub 2021 Mar 16. PMID: 33761423; PMCID: PMC7962988.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Jenkins CR, Celli B, Anderson JA, Ferguson GT, Jones PW, Vestbo J, Yates JC, Calverley PM. Seasonality and determinants of moderate and severe COPD exacerbations in the TORCH study. Eur Respir J. 2012 Jan;39(1):38–45. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00194610. Epub 2011 Jul 7. PMID: 21737561.JenkinsCRCelliBAndersonJAFergusonGTJonesPWVestboJYatesJCCalverleyPM.Seasonality and determinants of moderate and severe COPD exacerbations in the TORCH study. . 2012Jan;39(1):38–45. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00194610. Epub 2011 Jul 7. PMID: 21737561.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Hurst JR, Donaldson GC, Wilkinson TM, Perera WR, Wedzicha JA. Epidemiological relationships between the common cold and exacerbation frequency in COPD. Eur Respir J. 2005 Nov;26(5):846–52. doi: 10.1183/09031936.05.00043405. PMID: 16264045.HurstJRDonaldsonGCWilkinsonTMPereraWRWedzichaJA.Epidemiological relationships between the common cold and exacerbation frequency in COPD. . 2005Nov;26(5):846–52. doi: 10.1183/09031936.05.00043405. PMID: 16264045.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Quint JK, Donaldson GC, Gold-ring JJ, Baghai-Ravary R, Hurst JR, Wedzicha JA. Serum IP-10 as a biomarker of human rhinovirus infection at exacerbation of COPD. Chest. 2010 Apr;137(4):812–22. doi: 10.1378/chest.09-1541. Epub 2009 Oct 16. PMID: 19837822; PMCID: PMC2851557.QuintJKDonaldsonGCGold-ringJJBaghai-RavaryRHurstJRWedzichaJA.Serum IP-10 as a biomarker of human rhinovirus infection at exacerbation of COPD. . 2010Apr;137(4):812–22. doi: 10.1378/chest.09-1541. Epub 2009 Oct 16. PMID: 19837822; PMCID: PMC2851557.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Bardin PG, Fraenkel DJ, Sanderson G, van Schalkwyk EM, Holgate ST, Johnston SL. Peak expiratory flow changes during experimental rhinovirus infection. Eur Respir J. 2000 Nov;16(5):980–5. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00.16598000. PMID: 11153603.BardinPGFraenkelDJSandersonGvan SchalkwykEMHolgateSTJohnstonSL.Peak expiratory flow changes during experimental rhinovirus infection. .2000Nov;16(5):980–5. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00.16598000. PMID: 11153603.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Contoli M, Message SD, Laza-Stanca V, Edwards MR, Wark PA, Bartlett NW, Kebadze T, Mallia P, Stanciu LA, Parker HL, Slater L, Lewis-Antes A, Kon OM, Holgate ST, Davies DE, Kotenko SV, Papi A, Johnston SL. Role of deficient type III interferon-lambda production in asthma exacerbations. Nat Med. 2006 Sep;12(9):1023–6. doi: 10.1038/nm1462. Epub 2006 Aug 13. PMID: 16906156.ContoliMMessageSDLaza-StancaVEdwardsMRWarkPABartlettNWKebadzeTMalliaPStanciuLAParkerHLSlaterLLewis-AntesAKonOMHolgateSTDaviesDEKotenkoSVPapiAJohnstonSL.Role of deficient type III interferon-lambda production in asthma exacerbations. . 2006Sep;12(9):1023–6. doi: 10.1038/nm1462. Epub 2006 Aug 13. PMID: 16906156.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Mallia P, Message SD, Gielen V, Contoli M, Gray K, Kebadze T, Aniscenko J, Laza-Stanca V, Edwards MR, Slater L, Papi A, Stanciu LA, Kon OM, Johnson M, Johnston SL. Experimental rhinovirus infection as a human model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011 Mar 15;183(6):734–42. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201006-0833OC. Epub 2010 Oct 1. PMID: 20889904; PMCID: PMC3081284.MalliaPMessageSDGielenVContoliMGrayKKebadzeTAniscenkoJLaza-StancaVEdwardsMRSlaterLPapiAStanciuLAKonOMJohnsonMJohnstonSL.Experimental rhinovirus infection as a human model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation. . 2011Mar15;183(6):734–42. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201006-0833OC. Epub 2010 Oct 1. PMID: 20889904; PMCID: PMC3081284.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Crisafulli E, Barbeta E, Ielpo A, Torres A. Management of severe acute exacerbations of COPD: an updated narrative review. Multidiscip Respir Med. 2018 Oct 2;13:36. doi: 10.1186/s40248-018-0149-0. PMID: 30302247; PMCID: PMC6167788.CrisafulliEBarbetaEIelpoATorresA.Management of severe acute exacerbations of COPD: an updated narrative review. . 2018Oct2;13:36. doi: 10.1186/s40248-018-0149-0. PMID: 30302247; PMCID: PMC6167788.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Masterton RG, Burley CJ. Randomized, double-blind study comparing 5- and 7-day regimens of oral levofloxacin in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2001 Dec;18(6):503–12. doi: 10.1016/s0924-8579(01)00435-6. PMID: 11738336.MastertonRGBurleyCJ.Randomized, double-blind study comparing 5- and 7-day regimens of oral levofloxacin in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. . 2001Dec;18(6):503–12. doi: 10.1016/s0924-8579(01)00435-6. PMID: 11738336.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Wedzicha JA, Miravitlles M, Hurst JR, Calverley PM, Albert RK, Anzueto A, et al. Management of COPD exacerbations: a European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society guideline. Eur Respir J. 2017;49(3) https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00791-2016.WedzichaJAMiravitllesMHurstJRCalverleyPMAlbertRKAnzuetoAManagement of COPD exacerbations: a European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society guideline. . 2017;49(3) https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00791-2016.Search in Google Scholar
Shi L, Xiong H, He J, Deng H, Li Q, Zhong Q, Hou W, Cheng L, Xiao H, Yang Z. Antiviral activity of arbidol against influenza A virus, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, coxsackie virus and adenovirus in vitro and in vivo. Arch Virol. 2007;152(8):1447–55. doi: 10.1007/s00705-007-0974-5. Epub 2007 May 14. PMID: 17497238.ShiLXiongHHeJDengHLiQZhongQHouWChengLXiaoHYangZ.Antiviral activity of arbidol against influenza A virus, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, coxsackie virus and adenovirus in vitro and in vivo. . 2007;152(8):1447–55. doi: 10.1007/s00705-007-0974-5. Epub 2007 May 14. PMID: 17497238.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Titova ON, Petrova MA, Shklyarevich NA, Kuzubova NA, Aleksandrov AL, Kovaleva LF, Kozyrev AG, Kulikov VD. Efficacy of Arbidol in the prevention of virus-induced exacerbations of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ter Arkh. 2018 Aug 27;90(8):48–52. doi: 10.26442/ter-arkh201890848-52. PMID: 30701939.TitovaONPetrovaMAShklyarevichNAKuzubovaNAAleksandrovALKovalevaLFKozyrevAGKulikovVD.Efficacy of Arbidol in the prevention of virus-induced exacerbations of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. . 2018Aug27;90(8):48–52. doi: 10.26442/ter-arkh201890848-52. PMID: 30701939.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Ji S, Bai Q, Wu X, Zhang DW, Wang S, Shen JL, Fei GH. Unique synergistic antiviral effects of Shufeng Jiedu Capsule and osel-tamivir in influenza A viral-induced acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Biomed Pharmacother. 2020 Jan;121:109652. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109652. Epub 2019 Nov 14. PMID: 31734578.JiSBaiQWuXZhangDWWangSShenJLFeiGH.Unique synergistic antiviral effects of Shufeng Jiedu Capsule and osel-tamivir in influenza A viral-induced acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. . 2020Jan;121:109652. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109652. Epub 2019 Nov 14. PMID: 31734578.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Sasaki T, Yamaya M, Yasuda H, Inoue D, Yamada M, Kubo H, Nishimura H, Sasaki H. The proton pump inhibitor lansoprazole inhibits rhinovirus infection in cultured human tracheal epithelial cells. Eur J Pharmacol. 2005 Feb 21;509(2-3):201–10. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.12.042. PMID: 15733557.SasakiTYamayaMYasudaHInoueDYamadaMKuboHNishimuraHSasakiH.The proton pump inhibitor lansoprazole inhibits rhinovirus infection in cultured human tracheal epithelial cells. . 2005Feb21;509(2-3):201–10. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.12.042. PMID: 15733557.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
George SN, Gharcha DS, Mackey AJ et al—Human rhinovirus infection during naturally occurring COPD ex-acerbations—Eur Respir J 2014; 44: 87–96 | DOI: 10.1183/09031936.0022311GeorgeSNGharchaDSMackeyAJ—Human rhinovirus infection during naturally occurring COPD ex-acerbations—2014; 44: 87–96 | DOI: 10.1183/09031936.0022311Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Yu F, HuangQ,Ye Y and Zhang L - Effectiveness of Proton-Pump Inhibitors in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Front. Med. 2022. 9:841155. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.841155YuFHuangQYeYZhangLEffectiveness of Proton-Pump Inhibitors in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A MetaAnalysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. . 2022. 9:841155. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.841155Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Ingebrigtsen TS, Marott JL, Vestbo J, Nordestgaard BG, Hallas J, Lange P. Gastro-esophageal reflux disease and exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respirology. 2015 Jan;20(1):101–7. doi: 10.1111/resp.12420. Epub 2014 Oct 8. PMID: 25297724.IngebrigtsenTSMarottJLVestboJNordestgaardBGHallasJLangeP.Gastro-esophageal reflux disease and exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. . 2015Jan;20(1):101–7. doi: 10.1111/resp.12420. Epub 2014 Oct 8. PMID: 25297724.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Farha R, Usman M, Gandolfo C, Smith A, and Ouellette D. Potential protective effect of PPI in COPD. Chest 2016; 150(4):833A.FarhaRUsmanMGandolfoCSmithAOuelletteD.Potential protective effect of PPI in COPD. 2016; 150(4):833A.Search in Google Scholar
Sasaki T, Nakayama K, Yasuda H, Yoshida M, Asamura T, Ohrui T, Arai H, Araya J, Kuwano K, Yamaya M. A randomized, single-blind study of lansoprazole for the prevention of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in older patients. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009 Aug;57(8):1453–7. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2009.02349.x. Epub 2009 Jun 8. PMID: 19515110.SasakiTNakayamaKYasudaHYoshidaMAsamuraTOhruiTAraiHArayaJKuwanoKYamayaM.A randomized, single-blind study of lansoprazole for the prevention of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in older patients. . 2009Aug;57(8):1453–7. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2009.02349.x. Epub 2009 Jun 8. PMID: 19515110.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Betteridge DJ. What is oxidative stress? Metabolism. 2000 Feb;49(2 Suppl 1):3–8. doi: 10.1016/s0026-0495(00)80077-3. PMID: 10693912.BetteridgeDJ.What is oxidative stress?. 2000Feb;49(2 Suppl 1):3–8. doi: 10.1016/s0026-0495(00)80077-3. PMID: 10693912.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Barnes PJ. Oxidative Stress in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Antioxidants (Basel). 2022 May 13;11(5):965. doi: 10.3390/antiox11050965. PMID: 35624831; PMCID: PMC9138026.BarnesPJ.Oxidative Stress in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. . 2022May13;11(5):965. doi: 10.3390/antiox11050965. PMID: 35624831; PMCID: PMC9138026.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Abed MN, Alassaf FA, Jasim MHM, Alfahad M, Qazzaz ME. Comparison of Antioxidant Effects of the Proton Pump-Inhibiting Drugs Omeprazole, Esomeprazole, Lansoprazole, Pantoprazole, and Rabeprazole. Pharmacology. 2020;105(11-12):645–651. doi: 10.1159/000506232. Epub 2020 Apr 14. PMID: 32289807.AbedMNAlassafFAJasimMHMAlfahadMQazzazME.Comparison of Antioxidant Effects of the Proton Pump-Inhibiting Drugs Omeprazole, Esomeprazole, Lansoprazole, Pantoprazole, and Rabeprazole. . 2020;105(11-12):645–651. doi: 10.1159/000506232. Epub 2020 Apr 14. PMID: 32289807.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Haastrup PF, Jarbøl DE, Thompson W, et al. When does proton pump inhibitor treatment become long term? A scoping review. BMJ Open Gastro 2021;8:e000563. doi:10.1136/bmj-gast-2020-000563HaastrupPFJarbølDEThompsonWWhen does proton pump inhibitor treatment become long term? A scoping review. 2021;8:e000563. doi:10.1136/bmj-gast-2020-000563Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
MHRA-Proton Pump Inhibitors in Long -term use: Reports of Hypomagnesemia – GOV.UK-Medicine & Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency—published 11 December 2014.—published 11 December 2014.Search in Google Scholar
Nehra AK, Alexander JA, Loftus CG, Nehra V. Proton Pump Inhibitors: Review of Emerging Concerns. Mayo Clin Proc. 2018 Feb;93(2):240–246. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.10.022. PMID: 29406201NehraAKAlexanderJALoftusCGNehraV.Proton Pump Inhibitors: Review of Emerging Concerns. . 2018Feb;93(2):240–246. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.10.022. PMID: 29406201Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) Public Dashboard [https://www.fda.gov/drugs/questions-and-answers-fdas-adverse-event-reporting-system-faers/fda-adverse-event-reporting-system-faers-public-dashboard—accessed 15 May 2023] [https://www.fda.gov/drugs/questions-and-answers-fdas-adverse-event-reporting-system-faers/fda-adverse-event-reporting-system-faers-public-dashboard—accessed 15 May 2023]Search in Google Scholar
Atwood SE, Ell C, Galmiche JP, Fiocca R, Hatlebakk JG, Hasselgren B, Långström G, Jahreskog M, Eklund S, Lind T, Lundell L. Long-term safety of proton pump inhibitor therapy assessed under controlled, randomised clinical trial conditions: data from the SOPRAN and LOTUS studies. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015 Jun;41(11):1162–74. doi: 10.1111/apt.13194. Epub 2015 Apr 10. PMID: 25858519.AtwoodSEEllCGalmicheJPFioccaRHatlebakkJGHasselgrenBLångströmGJahreskogMEklundSLindTLundellL.Long-term safety of proton pump inhibitor therapy assessed under controlled, randomised clinical trial conditions: data from the SOPRAN and LOTUS studies. . 2015Jun;41(11):1162–74. doi: 10.1111/apt.13194. Epub 2015 Apr 10. PMID: 25858519.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Brunner G, Athmann C, Schneider A. Long-term, open-label trial: safety and efficacy of continuous maintenance treatment with pantoprazole for up to 15 years in severe acid-peptic disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2012 Jul;36(1):37–47. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2012.05106.x. Epub 2012 Apr 24. PMID: 22531114.BrunnerGAthmannCSchneiderA.Long-term, open-label trial: safety and efficacy of continuous maintenance treatment with pantoprazole for up to 15 years in severe acid-peptic disease. . 2012Jul;36(1):37–47. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2012.05106.x. Epub 2012 Apr 24. PMID: 22531114.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Heidelbaugh JJ, Kim AH, Chang R, Walker PC. Overutilization of proton-pump inhibitors: what the clinician needs to know. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2012 Jul;5(4):219–32. doi: 10.1177/1756283X12437358. PMID: 22778788; PMCID: PMC3388523.HeidelbaughJJKimAHChangRWalkerPC.Overutilization of proton-pump inhibitors: what the clinician needs to know. . 2012Jul;5(4):219–32. doi: 10.1177/1756283X12437358. PMID: 22778788; PMCID: PMC3388523.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Molloy D, Molloy A, O’Loughlin C, Falconer M, Hennessy M. Inappropriate use of proton pump inhibitors. Ir J Med Sci. 2010 Mar;179(1):73–5. doi: 10.1007/s11845-009-0426-1. Epub 2009 Sep 11. PMID: 19763673.MolloyDMolloyAO’LoughlinCFalconerMHennessyM.Inappropriate use of proton pump inhibitors. . 2010Mar;179(1):73–5. doi: 10.1007/s11845-009-0426-1. Epub 2009 Sep 11. PMID: 19763673.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Barretta JF, Lat I, Micek ST, Cohen H, Olsen KM, Haas CE; Critical Care Pharmacotherapy Trials Network. Off-label use of gastrointestinal medications in the intensive care unit. J Intensive Care Med. 2015 May;30(4):217–25. doi: 10.1177/0885066613516574. Epub 2013 Dec 20. PMID: 24362446.BarrettaJFLatIMicekSTCohenHOlsenKMHaasCE; Critical Care Pharmacotherapy Trials Network. Off-label use of gastrointestinal medications in the intensive care unit. . 2015May;30(4):217–25. doi: 10.1177/0885066613516574. Epub 2013 Dec 20. PMID: 24362446.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Ahren D, Chenot JF, Behrens G, Grimmsmann T, Kochen MM. Appropriateness of treatment recommendations for PPI in hospital discharge letters. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2010 Dec;66(12):1265–71. doi: 10.1007/s00228-010-0871-9. Epub 2010 Aug 6. PMID: 20694459; PMCID: PMC2982961.AhrenDChenotJFBehrensGGrimmsmannTKochenMM.Appropriateness of treatment recommendations for PPI in hospital discharge letters. . 2010Dec;66(12):1265–71. doi: 10.1007/s00228-010-0871-9. Epub 2010 Aug 6. PMID: 20694459; PMCID: PMC2982961.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Reimer C, Bytzer P. Clinical trial: long-term use of proton pump inhibitors in primary care patients - a cross sectional analysis of 901 patients. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009 Oct;30(7):725–32. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.04092.x. Epub 2009 Jul 8. PMID: 19604180.ReimerCBytzerP.Clinical trial: long-term use of proton pump inhibitors in primary care patients - a cross sectional analysis of 901 patients. . 2009Oct;30(7):725–32. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.04092.x. Epub 2009 Jul 8. PMID: 19604180.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Helgadottir H, Bjornsson ES. Problems Associated with Deprescribing of Proton Pump Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Nov 2;20(21):5469. doi: 10.3390/ijms20215469. PMID: 31684070; PMCID: PMC6862638.HelgadottirHBjornssonES.Problems Associated with Deprescribing of Proton Pump Inhibitors. . 2019Nov2;20(21):5469. doi: 10.3390/ijms20215469. PMID: 31684070; PMCID: PMC6862638.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Targownik L. Discontinuing Long-Term PPI Therapy: Why, With Whom, and How? Am J Gastroenterol. 2018 Apr;113(4):519–528. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2018.29. Epub 2018 Mar 20. PMID: 29557943.TargownikL.Discontinuing Long-Term PPI Therapy: Why, With Whom, and How?. 2018Apr;113(4):519–528. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2018.29. Epub 2018 Mar 20. PMID: 29557943.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Motter FR, Hilmer SN, Paniz VMV-Pain and Inflammation Management in Older Adults: A Brazilian Consensus of Potentially Inappropriate Medication and Their Alternative Therapies-Front Pharmacol. 2019; 10: 1408. Published online 2019 Dec 2. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01408, PMCID: PMC6901010, PMID: 31849664MotterFRHilmerSN. 2019; 10: 1408. Published online 2019 Dec 2. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01408, PMCID: PMC6901010, PMID: 31849664Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Jarchow-Macdonald AA, Mangoni AA. Prescribing patterns of proton pump inhibitors in older hospitalized patients in a Scottish health board. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2013 Oct;13(4):1002–9. doi: 10.1111/ggi.12047. Epub 2013 Mar 19. PMID: 23506515.Jarchow-MacdonaldAAMangoniAA.Prescribing patterns of proton pump inhibitors in older hospitalized patients in a Scottish health board. . 2013Oct;13(4):1002–9. doi: 10.1111/ggi.12047. Epub 2013 Mar 19. PMID: 23506515.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Pottegard A, Broe A, Hallas J et al. Use of proton-pump inhibitors among adults: a Danish nationwide drug utilization study. Ther Adv Gastroen-terol 2016;9:671–8.PottegardABroeAHallasJUse of proton-pump inhibitors among adults: a Danish nationwide drug utilization study. 2016;9:671–8.Search in Google Scholar
Stopping proton pump inhibitors in older people [available at https://bpac.org.nz/2019/docs/ppi.pdf-accessed on 15 May 2023] [available at https://bpac.org.nz/2019/docs/ppi.pdf- accessed on 15 May 2023]Search in Google Scholar
Delcher A, Hily S, Boureau AS, Chapelet G, Berrut G, de Decker L. (2015) Multimorbidities and Overprescription of Proton Pump Inhibitors in Older Patients. PLoS ONE 10(11): e0141779. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0141779DelcherAHilySBoureauASChapeletGBerrutGde DeckerL. (2015) Multimorbidities and Overprescription of Proton Pump Inhibitors in Older Patients. 10(11): e0141779. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0141779Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Targowink LE, Fisher DA, Saini SD. AGA Clinical Practice Update on De-Prescribing of Proton Pump Inhibitors: Expert Review. Gastroenterology. 2022 Apr;162(4):1334–1342. doi: 10.1053/j. gastro.2021.12.247. Epub 2022 Feb 17. PMID: 35183361.TargowinkLEFisherDASainiSD.AGA Clinical Practice Update on De-Prescribing of Proton Pump Inhibitors: Expert Review. . 2022Apr;162(4):1334–1342. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.12.247. Epub 2022 Feb 17. PMID: 35183361.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Abrahami D, McDonald EG, Schnitzer M, Azoulay L. Trends in prescribing patterns of proton pump inhibitors surrounding new guidelines. Ann Epidemiol. 2021 Mar;55:24–26. doi: 10.1016/j. annepidem.2020.12.002. Epub 2020 Dec 16. PMID: 33338647.AbrahamiDMcDonaldEGSchnitzerMAzoulayL.Trends in prescribing patterns of proton pump inhibitors surrounding new guidelines. . 2021Mar;55:24–26. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.12.002. Epub 2020 Dec 16. PMID: 33338647.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
AWMSG—All Wales Therapeutics and Toxicology Centre-All Wales Medicines Strategy Group - Safe Use of Proton PumpInhibitors-February 2018— [available at https://awttc. nhs.wales/files/guidelines-and-pils/safe-use-of-proton-pump-inhibitors-pdf/—accessed 15 May 2023 ]AWMSG—— [available at https://awttc. nhs.wales/files/guidelines-and-pils/safe-use-of-proton-pump-inhibitors-pdf/—accessed 15 May 2023 ]Search in Google Scholar
Haastrup PF, Thompson W, Søndergaard J, Jarbøl DE. Side Effects of Long-Term Proton Pump Inhibitor Use: A Review. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2018 Aug;123(2):114–121. doi: 10.1111/bcpt.13023. Epub 2018 May 24. PMID: 29658189.HaastrupPFThompsonWSøndergaardJJarbølDE.Side Effects of Long-Term Proton Pump Inhibitor Use: A Review. . 2018Aug;123(2):114–121. doi: 10.1111/bcpt.13023. Epub 2018 May 24. PMID: 29658189.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Hojo M, Asaoka D, Shimada Y, Nojiri S, Nagahara A. Strategies for discontinuation of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) in patients with long-term PPI administration: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Gastroenterol. 2022 Jan 15;22(1):21. doi: 10.1186/s12876-021-02086-9. PMID: 35033011; PMCID: PMC8760744.HojoMAsaokaDShimadaYNojiriSNagaharaA.Strategies for discontinuation of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) in patients with long-term PPI administration: a randomized controlled trial. . 2022Jan15;22(1):21. doi: 10.1186/s12876-021-02086-9. PMID: 35033011; PMCID: PMC8760744.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Björnsson E, Abrahamsson H, Simrén M, Mattsson N, Jensen C, Agerforz P, Kilander A. Discontinuation of proton pump inhibitors in patients on long-term therapy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Sep 15;24(6):945–54. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.03084.x. PMID: 16948806.BjörnssonEAbrahamssonHSimrénMMattssonNJensenCAgerforzPKilanderA.Discontinuation of proton pump inhibitors in patients on long-term therapy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. . 2006Sep15;24(6):945–54. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.03084.x. PMID: 16948806.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Turner JP, Thompson W, Reeve E, Bell JS— Deprescribing proton pump inhibitors-Roy -Austral Col General Pract 2022, 51(11) :845–848TurnerJPThompsonWReeveEBellJSDeprescribing proton pump inhibitors-Roy2022, 51(11):845–848Search in Google Scholar
Gallagher P, Ryan C, Byrne S, Kennedy J, O’Mahony D. STOPP (Screening Tool of Older Person’s Prescriptions) and START (Screening Tool to Alert doctors to Right Treatment). Consensus validation. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2008 Feb;46(2):72–83. doi: 10.5414/cpp46072. PMID: 18218287.Top of FormBottom of FormGallagherPRyanCByrneSKennedyJO’MahonyD.STOPP (Screening Tool of Older Person’s Prescriptions) and START (Screening Tool to Alert doctors to Right Treatment). Consensus validation. . 2008Feb;46(2):72–83. doi: 10.5414/cpp46072. PMID: 18218287.Top of FormBottom of FormOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar
Freedberg DE, Kim LS, Yang YX. The Risks and Benefits of Long-term Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors: Expert Review and Best Practice Advice From the American Gastroenterological Association. Gastroenterology. 2017 Mar;152(4):706–715. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.01.031. PMID: 28257716.FreedbergDEKimLSYangYX.The Risks and Benefits of Long-term Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors: Expert Review and Best Practice Advice From the American Gastroenterological Association. . 2017Mar;152(4):706–715. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.01.031. PMID: 28257716.Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
British Lung Foundation-Estimating the Economic Burden of Respiratory Illness in UK - [https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0221/4446/files/PC-1601_-_Economic_burden_report_ FINAL_8cdaba2a-589a-4a49-bd14-PDF accessed 15 May 2023] - [https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0221/4446/files/PC-1601_-_Economic_burden_report_ FINAL_8cdaba2a-589a-4a49-bd14-PDF accessed 15 May 2023]Search in Google Scholar
Bloom, D.E., Cafiero, E.T., Jané-Llopis, E., Abrahams-Gessel, S., Bloom, L.R., Fathima, S., Feigl, A.B., Gaziano, T., Mowafi, M., Pandya, A., Prettner, K., Rosenberg, L., Seligman, B., Stein, A.Z., & Weinstein, C. (2011). The Global Economic Burden of Noncommunicable Diseases. Geneva: World Economic Forum.BloomD.E.CafieroE.T.Jané-LlopisE.Abrahams-GesselS.BloomL.R.FathimaS.FeiglA.B.GazianoT.MowafiM.PandyaA.PrettnerK.RosenbergL.SeligmanB.SteinA.Z.WeinsteinC. (2011). . Geneva: World Economic Forum.Search in Google Scholar