<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><sec><h3>Background</h3><p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) continues to cause a heavy health and economic burden in the Europe and around the world. Arterial hypertension (AH) is considered as one of the principal COPD-associated comorbidi-ties. However, no data for association between gene polymorphism and AH in patients with COPD in Ukraine have ever been internationally published. We assessed the genotype and allele frequencies of angiotensinogen (AGT) M235T polymorphisms in patients with COPD and comorbid AH.</p></sec><sec><h3>Methods</h3><p>The study group consisted of 96 patients: Group 1 (25 individuals with COPD), Group 2 (23 individuals with AH) and Group 3 (28 individuals with COPD and AH). The control group consisted of 20 healthy subjects. M/T genotypes of AGT were determined by polymerase chain reaction amplification.</p></sec><sec><h3>Results</h3><p>The results of the study have not demonstrated any significant impact of alleles of AGT genes on the occurrence of diseases such as COPD, AH and combinations thereof. However, analysis of odds ratio has demonstrated the presence of a trend towards a protective role of the M allele of the AGT gene concerning occurrence of COPD, AH and their combinations. At the same time, the presence of the T allele of the AGT gene may increase the risk for occurrence of the above-mentioned diseases.</p></sec><sec><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The study that we have conducted suggests that the presence of T allele of the AGT gene at position 235 of the peptide chain both in homozygous and heterozygous states may increase the risk for AH in patients with COPD.</p></sec></abstract>

BackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) continues to cause a heavy health and economic burden in the Europe and around the world. Arterial hypertension (AH) is considered as one of the principal COPD-associated comorbidi-ties. However, no data for association between gene polymorphism and AH in patients with COPD in Ukraine have ever been internationally published. We assessed the genotype and allele frequencies of angiotensinogen (AGT) M235T polymorphisms in patients with COPD and comorbid AH.MethodsThe study group consisted of 96 patients: Group 1 (25 individuals with COPD), Group 2 (23 individuals with AH) and Group 3 (28 individuals with COPD and AH). The control group consisted of 20 healthy subjects. M/T genotypes of AGT were determined by polymerase chain reaction amplification.ResultsThe results of the study have not demonstrated any significant impact of alleles of AGT genes on the occurrence of diseases such as COPD, AH and combinations thereof. However, analysis of odds ratio has demonstrated the presence of a trend towards a protective role of the M allele of the AGT gene concerning occurrence of COPD, AH and their combinations. At the same time, the presence of the T allele of the AGT gene may increase the risk for occurrence of the above-mentioned diseases.ConclusionsThe study that we have conducted suggests that the presence of T allele of the AGT gene at position 235 of the peptide chain both in homozygous and heterozygous states may increase the risk for AH in patients with COPD.

Association between arterial hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: role of AGT gene polymorphism

Department of Functional and Laboratory Diagnostics

I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University

Pneumologia

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Asociere între hipertensiunea arterială și boala pulmonară obstructivă cronică: rolul polimorfismului genic AGT

BackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) continues to cause a heavy health and economic burden in the Europe and around the world. Arterial...

Group	Alleles

	AGT M allele			AGT T allele

	OR	95% CI	p	OR	95% CI	p
COPD	0.90	0.38–2.11	>0.05	1.11	0.47–2.61	>0.05
AH	0.71	0.3–1.69	>0.05	1.4	0.59–3.32	>0.05
COPD + AH	0.56	0.24–1.28	>0.05	1.79	0.78–4.09	>0.05

Genotypes	COPD + AH	Control	χ²	p	OR	95% CI

	%	%
M/M genotype	25.0	30.0	0.15	0.7	0.78	0.22–2.81
M/T + T/T genotype	75.0	70.0	0.15	0.7	1.29	0.36–4.64

Genotype frequencies	COPD		AH		COPD + AH		Control

	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
M/M	6	24.0	6	26.1	7	25.0	6	30.0
M/T	18	72.0	13	56.5	13	46.4	13	65.0
T/T	1	4.0	4	17.4	8	28.6	1	5.0
Fisher’s exact p (two-tailed; disease/control group)	p = 0.75		p = 0.76		p = 0.25		–

Genotypes	COPD + AH	Control	χ²	p	OR	95% CI

	%	%
M/M + M/T genotype	71.4	95.0	4.25	0.04	0.13	0.01–1.15
T/T genotype	28.6	5.0	4.25	0.04	7.60	0.87–66.67

Genotype		COPD		AH		COPD + AH		Control

		Expected	Observed	Expected	Observed	Expected	Observed	Expected	Observed
Common homozygotes	M/M	9	6	6.8	6	6.5	7	7.8	6
Heterozygotes	M/T	11.8	18	11.4	13	14	13	9.4	13
Rare homozygotes	T/T	4.2	1	4.8	4	7.5	8	2.8	1
Chi-square		χ² = 6.70, df = 2, p < 0.04		χ² = 0.45, df = 2, p > 0.05		χ² = 0.14, df = 2, p > 0.05		χ² = 2.95, df = 2, p > 0.05

Association between arterial hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: role of AGT gene polymorphism

Published Online: Mar 31, 2020

Page range: 174 - 182

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/pneum-2019-0036

Keywords
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, arterial hypertension, angiotensinogen gene

© 2019 Mariya Marushchak et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

OR for alleles in different study groups

A dominant model of AGT gene inheritance in combination of COPD and AH

Genotype frequencies of the AGT gene M/T polymorphism in COPD, AH and their combination

A recessive model of the AGT gene inheritance in combination of COPD and AH

Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium of the AGT gene M/T polymorphism in COPD, AH and their combination

Allele frequencies of the AGT gene M/T polymorphism in COPD, AH and their combination

OR for genotypes in different study groups

Allele frequency	COPD		AH		COPD + AH		Control

	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
AGT M allele	30	60.0	25	54.3	27	48.2	25	62.5
AGT T allele	20	40.0	21	45.7	29	51.8	15	37.5
Pearson chi-square (χ²; disease/control group)	χ² = 0.06, df = 1, p = 0.81		χ² = 0.58, df = 1, p = 0.44		χ² = 1.92, df = 1, p = 0.17		–

Group	Genotype

	M/M		M/T		T/T

	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
COPD	0.74	0.20–2.77	1.38	0.39–4.92	0.79	0.05–13.5
AH	0.82	0.22–3.13	0.70	0.20–2.41	4.00	0.41–39.18
COPD + AH	0.78	0.22–2.81	0.47	0.14–1.52	7.60	0.87–66.67

Association between arterial hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: role of AGT gene polymorphism

Published Online: Mar 31, 2020

Page range: 174 - 182

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/pneum-2019-0036

Keywordschronic obstructive pulmonary disease, arterial hypertension, angiotensinogen gene

© 2019 Mariya Marushchak et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

OR for alleles in different study groups

A dominant model of AGT gene inheritance in combination of COPD and AH

Genotype frequencies of the AGT gene M/T polymorphism in COPD, AH and their combination

A recessive model of the AGT gene inheritance in combination of COPD and AH

Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium of the AGT gene M/T polymorphism in COPD, AH and their combination

Allele frequencies of the AGT gene M/T polymorphism in COPD, AH and their combination

OR for genotypes in different study groups

Keywords
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, arterial hypertension, angiotensinogen gene