An alternative and indirect statistical modeling method for viscosity estimation and its experimental validation for low styrene content polyester resin

1. Rajput, R.K. (2008). A text book of Fluid Mechanics (Ist ed.). New Delhi: S. Chand limitedSearch in Google Scholar

2. Harper, B.D. & Staab, G.H. (1987). A note on the effect of voids upon the hygral and mechanical properties of AS4/3502 graphite/epoxy, J. Compos. Mater. 21(3), 280-289. DOI: 10.1177/002199838702100306.10.1177/002199838702100306Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

3. Um, M.K., Byun, J.H. & Isaac, M.D. (2009). Similarity relations of resin flow in resin transfer molding process, Adv. Compos. Mater. 18(2), 135-152. DOI: 10.1163/156855109X428745.10.1163/156855109X428745Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

4. Brouwer, W.D., van Herpt, E.C.F.C. & Labordus, M. (2003). Vacuum injection moulding for large Applications, Compos 34(6), 551-558. DOI: 10.1016/S1359-835X(03)00060-5.10.1016/S1359-835X(03)00060-5Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

5. Kedari, V.R., Farah, B.I. & Hsiao, K.T. (2011). Effects of vacuum pressure, inlet pressure, and mold temperature on the void content, volume fraction of polyester/e-glass fiber composites manufactured with VARTM process, J. Compos. Mater. 45, 2727-2742. DOI: 10.1177/0021998311415442.10.1177/0021998311415442Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

6. Nawaz, A., Islam, B., Akhtar, R., Alamgir, K. & Noor, S. (2015). Failure of polyester laminated automotive ignition coils influenced by environmental factors. Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 40, 3337-3344 (2015) DOI: 10.1007/s13369-015-1789-4.10.1007/s13369-015-1789-4Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

7. Kulicke, W.M. & Clasen, C.M. (2004). Viscosimetry of Polymers and Polyelectrolytes (1st ed.). Berlin: Springer VerlagSearch in Google Scholar

8. Viswanath, D.S., Ghosh, .T., Prasad, D.H.L., Dutt N.V.K. & Rani, K.Y. (2007). viscosity of liquids theory, estimation, experiment, and data (1st ed.). Berlin: SpringerSearch in Google Scholar

9. Walters, K. & Barnes, H.A. (1980). Anomalous extensionsal- flow effects in the use of commercial viscometers. In: Astarita, G.M. (Eds.), Rheology, (pp. 45-62) Newyork, Springer.Search in Google Scholar

10. Pereira, C.M.C., Nóvoa, P., Martins, M., Forero, S., Hepp, F. & Pambaguian, L. (2010). Characterization of carbon nanotube 3D-structures infused with low viscosity epoxy resin system, Compos. Structures. 92(9), 2252-2257. DOI:10.1016/j. compstruct.2009.08.009.Search in Google Scholar

11. Rahmanian, S., Suraya, A.R., Roshanravan, B., Othmand, R.N., Nasser, A.H., Zahari, R. & Zainudin, E.S. (2015). The influence of multiscale fillers on the rheological and mechanical properties of carbon-nanotube-silica-reinforced epoxy composite, Mater. & Desi. 88, 227-235. DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2015.08.149.10.1016/j.matdes.2015.08.149Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

12. Vahedi, V., Pasbakhsh, P. & Chai, S.P. (2015). Toward high performance epoxy/halloysite nanocomposites: New insights based on rheological, curing, and impact properties, Mater. & Desi. 68(5), 43-53. DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2014.12.010.10.1016/j.matdes.2014.12.010Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

13. Zhang, Y., An, Z., Bai, H., Li, Q. & Guo, .Z. (2015). Characterization and measurement of apparent viscosity of solid particles in fixed beds under high temperature, Powder Technol. 284, 279-288. DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2015.06.069.10.1016/j.powtec.2015.06.069Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

14. Lee, W.I., Loos, A.C. & Springer, G.S. (1982) Heat of reaction, degree of cure, and viscosity of Hercules 3501-6 resin, J. Compos. Mater. 16(6), 510-520. DOI: 10.1177/002199838201600605.10.1177/002199838201600605Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

15. Dusi, M.R., Lee, W.I., Peter, R.C. & Springer, G.S. (1987). Cure kinetics and viscosity of fiberite 976 resin, J. Compos. Mater. 21(3), 243-261. DOI: 10.1177/002199838702100304.10.1177/002199838702100304Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

16. Halley, P.J. & Mackay, M.E. (1996). Chemorheology of thermosets: an overview, Polymer Eng. Sci. 36(5), 593-609. DOI: 10.1002/pen.10447.10.1002/pen.10447Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

17. Berry, G.C. & Fox, T.G. (1968). The viscosity of polymer and their concentrated solutions, Adv. Polymer Sci. 5(3), 261-357. DOI:10.1007/BFb0050985.10.1007/BFb0050985Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

18. Deka, A. & Dey, N. (2013). Rheological studies of two component high build epoxy and polyurethane based high performance coatings, J. Coat. Technol. Res. 10(3), 305-315. DOI: 10.1007/s11998-012-9445-3.10.1007/s11998-012-9445-3Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

19. Ghannam, M.T. & Esmail, N. (2006). Flow enhancement of medium-viscosity crude oil, Petroleum Sci & Technol, 24(8), 985-999. DOI: 10.1081/LFT-200048166.10.1081/LFT-200048166Search in Google Scholar

20. Montgomery, D.C. (2006). Design and analysis of experiments. New York: Wiley.Search in Google Scholar

21. Park, Y., Hwang, J., Bae, C., Kim, K., Lee, J. & Pyo, S. (2015). Effects of diesel fuel temperature on fuel flow and spray characteristics, Fuel 162, 1-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2015.09.008.10.1016/j.fuel.2015.09.008Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

22. Young, R.J. & Lovell P.A. (1991) Introduction to polymers. Hongkong: Chapman & Hall.10.1007/978-1-4899-3176-4Search in Google Scholar

23. McCrum, N.G., Buckley, C.P. & Bucknall, C.B. (1997) Principles of polymer engineering. New York: Oxford University Press.Search in Google Scholar

24. Saleh, M.A., Akhtar, S., Begum, S., Ahmed, M.S. & Begum, S.K. (2004) Density and viscosity of 1-alkanols, Phys. Chem. Liquids 42(6), 615-623. DOI: 10.1080/00319100412331284422.10.1080/00319100412331284422Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

25. Ren, D.H., Fang, S., Xu, X.J. & Ding, B. (2014). Volumetric properties and viscosities of acetic acid with ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol at temperatures from 303.15 to 323.15K, Chem Eng Comm. 201(4), 528-544. DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2013.780164.10.1080/00986445.2013.780164Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

26. Nawaz, A. (2013). Study of the problem of void formation in electrical lamination parts and its removal. MS Dissertation, University of Engineering & Technology, Peshawar, KPK, PakistanSearch in Google Scholar

27. Joseph, D.D. (1998). Cavitation and the state of stress in a flowing fluid. J. Fluid Mech. 366, 367-378. DOI: 10.1017/ S0022112098001530.10.1017/S0022112098001530Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

28. Yang, Y.S. (1996). Viscosities of unsaturated polyester resins: combining effects of prepolymer structure, resin composition, and temperature, J. Appl. Poly. Sci. 60(13), 2387-2395. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19960627)60:13<2387::AID--APP10>3.0.CO;2-2.10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19960627)60:13<2387::AID--APP10>3.0.CO;2-2Open DOISearch in Google Scholar