Hungarian Adaptation of the Sport Commitment Questionnaire-2 and Test of an Expanded Model with Psychological Variables

Atkins, M.R., Johnson, D.M., Force, E.C., & Petrie, T.A. (2015). Peers, parents, and coaches, oh my! The relation of the motivational climate to boys’ intention to continue in sport. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 16, 170-180.10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.10.008Search in Google Scholar

Banville, D., Desrosiers, P., & Genet-Volet, Y. (2000). Translating questionnaires and inventories using a cross-cultural translation technique. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 19(3), 374-387.10.1123/jtpe.19.3.374Search in Google Scholar

Bearden, W., Netemeyer, R., & Haws, K. (2011). Handbook of marketing scales: Multi-item measures for marketing and consumer behavior research. Los Angeles: Sage Publications.doi:10.4135/978141299676110.4135/9781412996761Search in Google Scholar

Buckworth, J., Lee, R.E., Regan, G., Schneider, L.K., & DiClemente, C.C. (2007). Decomposing intrinsic and extrinsic motivation for exercise: Application to stages of motivational readiness. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 8(4), 441-461.10.1016/j.psychsport.2006.06.007Search in Google Scholar

Caglar, E., Canlan, Y., & Demir, M. (2009). Recreational exercise motives of adolescents and young adults. Journal of Human Kinetics, 22, 83-89.10.2478/v10078-009-0027-0Search in Google Scholar

Carpenter, P.J. (1992). Staying in sport: Young athletes’ motivations for continued involvement. Los Angeles: University of California. Unpublished doctoral dissertation.Search in Google Scholar

Carpenter, P.J., & Coleman, R. (1998). A longitudinal study of elite youth cricketers’ commitment. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 29(3), 195-210.Search in Google Scholar

Carpenter, P.J., & Scanlan, T.K. (1998). Changes over time in the determinants of sport commitment. Pediatric Exercise Science, 10(4), 356-365. doi:10.1123/pes.10.4.35610.1123/pes.10.4.356Search in Google Scholar

Carpenter, P.J., Scanlan, T.K., Simons, J.P., & Lobel, M. (1993). A test of the sport commitment model using structural equation modeling. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 15(2), 119-133.10.1123/jsep.15.2.119Search in Google Scholar

Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1988). The flow experience and its significance for human psychology. Optimal experience, 15-35.10.1017/CBO9780511621956.002Search in Google Scholar

Deci, E.L. & Ryan, R.M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York, NY: Plenum Press.10.1007/978-1-4899-2271-7Search in Google Scholar

Dunkel Schetter, C., & Brooks, K. (2009). The nature of SS. In H.T. Reis, & S. Sprecher (Eds.), Encyclopedia of human relationships (pp. 1565e1570). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Search in Google Scholar

Fornell, C., & Larcker, D.F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39.10.1177/002224378101800104Search in Google Scholar

Gabriele, J.M., Gill, D.L., & Adams, C.E. (2011). The roles of want to commitment and have to commitment in explaining physical activity behavior. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 8(3), 420-428.10.1123/jpah.8.3.420Search in Google Scholar

Gerbing, D.W., & Hamilton, J.G. (1996). Viability of exploratory factor analysis as a precursor to confirmatory factor analysis. Structural Equation Modeling, 3, 62–72.10.1080/10705519609540030Search in Google Scholar

Hair, J.F., Jr., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., & Anderson, R.E. (2009). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.Search in Google Scholar

Horn, T.S., & Horn, J.L. (2012). Family influences on children’s sport and physical activity participation, behavior, and psychosocial responses. Handbook of Sport Psychology, 685-711.10.1002/9781118270011.ch31Search in Google Scholar

Ireland, M.J., Clough, B.A., & Day, J.J. (2017). The cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire: Factorial, convergent, and criterion validity analyses of the full and short versions. Personality and Individual Differences, 110, 90-95.10.1016/j.paid.2017.01.035Search in Google Scholar

Kaiser, H.F. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika, 39(1), 31-36.10.1007/BF02291575Search in Google Scholar

Lee, J.Q., McInerney, D.M., Liem, G.A., & Ortiga, Y.P. (2010). The relationship between future goals and achievement goal orientations: An intrinsic–extrinsic motivation perspective. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 35(4), 264-279.10.1016/j.cedpsych.2010.04.004Search in Google Scholar

Locke, E.A., & Latham, G.P. (1985). The application of goal setting to sports. Journal of Sport Psychology, 7(3), 205-222.10.1123/jsp.7.3.205Search in Google Scholar

Lyubomirsky, S., King, L., & Diener, E. (2005). The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success? Psychological Bulletin, 131(6), 803-855.10.1037/0033-2909.131.6.803Search in Google Scholar

Malhotra, N.K., & Dash, S. (2011). Marketing research: An applied orientation. London: Pearson Publishing.10.1108/S1548-6435(2011)8Search in Google Scholar

Masten, R., Dimec, T., Donko I.A., & Tusak M. (2010). Motives for sport participation, attitudes to sport and general health status of slovenian armed forces emplyees. Kinesiology, 42(2), 153-163.Search in Google Scholar

Matsumoto, D. (2010). Cross-cultural Research. Handbook of research methods in experimental psychology, 189-208.10.1002/9780470756973.ch9Search in Google Scholar

Molanorouzi, K., Khoo, S., & Morris, T. (2014). Validating the Physical Activity and Leisure Motivation Scale (PALMS). BMC Public Health, 14, 1-15.10.1186/1471-2458-14-909416806025182130Search in Google Scholar

Paic, R., Kajos, A., Meszler, B. & Prisztóka, G. (2017). Validation of the Hungarian Sport Motivation Scale (H SMS). Cognition, Brain, Behavior. An Interdisciplinary Journal, 21(4), 275-291.10.24193/cbb.2017.21.17Search in Google Scholar

Piko, B.F., Luszczynska, A., Gibbons, F.X., & Teközel, M. (2005). A culture-based study of personal and social influences of adolescent smoking. European Journal of Public Health, 15(4), 393-398.10.1093/eurpub/cki00815996973Search in Google Scholar

Scanlan, T.K., Carpenter, P.J., Simons, J.P., Schmidt, G.W., & Keeler, B. (1993a). An introduction to the Sport Commitment Model. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 15(1), 1-15.10.1123/jsep.15.1.1Search in Google Scholar

Scanlan, T.K., Carpenter, P.J., Simons, J.P., Schmidt, G.W., & Keeler, B. (1993b). The Sport Commitment Model: Measurement development for the youth-sport domain. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 15(1), 16-38.10.1123/jsep.15.1.16Search in Google Scholar

Scanlan, T.K., Chow, G.M., Sousa, C., Scanlan, L.A., & Knifsend, C.A. (2016). The development of the Sport Commitment Questionnaire-2 (English version). Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 22, 233-246.10.1016/j.psychsport.2015.08.002Search in Google Scholar

Scanlan, T.K., Russell, D.G., Beals, K. P., & Scanlan, L.A. (2003). Project on Elite Athlete Commitment (PEAK): II. A direct test and expansion of the Sport Commitment Model with elite amateur aportsmen. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 25(3), 377-401. doi:10.1123/jsep.25.3.37710.1123/jsep.25.3.377Search in Google Scholar

Scanlan, T.K., Russell, D.G., Magyar, T.M., & Scanlan, L.A. (2009). Project on Elite Athlete Commitment (PEAK): III. An examination of the external validity across gender, and the expansion and clarification of the Sport Commitment Model. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 31(6), 685-705.10.1123/jsep.31.6.685Search in Google Scholar

Scanlan, T.K., Russell, D.G., Scanlan, L.A., Klunchoo, T.J., & Chow, G.M. (2013). Project on Elite Athlete Commitment (PEAK): IV. Identification of new candidate commitment sources in the Sport Commitment Model. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 35(5), 525-535. doi:10.1123/jsep.35.5.52510.1123/jsep.35.5.52524197720Search in Google Scholar

Sousa, C., Torregrosa, M., Vilardich, C., Villamarín, F., & Cruz, J. (2007). The commitment of young soccer players. Psichothema, 29(2), 256-262.Search in Google Scholar

Standage, M., Gillison, F.B., Ntoumanis, N., & Treasure, D.C. (2012). Predicting students’ physical activity and health-related well-being: A prospective cross-domain investigation of motivation across school physical education and exercise settings. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 34(1), 37-60.10.1123/jsep.34.1.3722356882Search in Google Scholar

Stanley, L.S. (1996). The development and validation of an instrument to assess attitudes toward cultural diversity and pluralism among preservice physical educators. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 56(5), 891-897.10.1177/0013164496056005017Search in Google Scholar

Strathman, A., Gleicher, F., Boninger, D.S., & Edwards, C.S. (1994). The consideration of future consequences: Weighing immediate and distant outcomes of behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66(4), 742-752.10.1037/0022-3514.66.4.742Search in Google Scholar

Weiss, W.M., & Weiss, M.R. (2003). Attraction- and entrapment-based commitment among competitive female gymnasts. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 25(2), 229-247.10.1123/jsep.25.2.229Search in Google Scholar

Weiss, W.M., & Weiss, M.R. (2006). A longitudinal analysis of commitment among competitive female gymnasts. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 7(3), 309-323.10.1016/j.psychsport.2005.08.010Search in Google Scholar

Wilson, P.M., Rodgers, W.M., Carpenter, P.J., Hall, C., Hardy, J., & Fraser, S.N. (2004). The relationship between commitment and exercise behavior. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 5(4), 405-421.10.1016/S1469-0292(03)00035-9Search in Google Scholar

Wong, H., Mak, C., & To, W. (2015). Development of a dental anxiety provoking scale: A pilot study in Hong. Kong. Journal of Dental Sciences, 10(3), pp.240-247.10.1016/j.jds.2014.09.003Search in Google Scholar

Young, B.W., & Medic, N. (2011). Examining social influences on the sport commitment of Masters swimmers. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 12(2), 168-175.10.1016/j.psychsport.2010.09.004Search in Google Scholar