[
Arts, W. – Halman, L. (2006): Identity: The Case of the European Union. Journal of Civil Society 2(3): 179–198.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bergbauer, Stephanie (2018): Explaining European Identity Formation. Citizens’ Attachment from Maastricht Treaty to Crisis, Springer.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Borz, G. – Brandenburg, H. – Mendez, C. (2018): The Impact of EU Cohesion Policy on European Identity: Results from the COHESIFY Citizen Survey, COHESIFY Research Paper 14, Glasgow.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bruter, M. (2008): Legitimacy, Euroscepticism & Identity in the European Union – Problems of Measurement, Modelling & Paradoxical Patterns of Influence. Journal of Contemporary European Research 4(4): 273–285.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bryan, M. L. – Jenkins, S. P. (2016): Multilevel Modelling of Country Effects: A Cautionary Tale. European Sociological Review 32(1): 3–22.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ceka, B. – Sojka, A. (2016): Loving it but not Feeling it Yet? The State of European Identity after the Eastern Enlargement. European Union Politics 17(3): 482–503.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ciornei, I. – Recchi, E. (2017): At the Source of European Solidarity: Assessing the Effects of Cross -border Practices and Political Attitudes. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 55(3): 468–485.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Cœuré, B. (2018): The Role of the European Union in Fostering Convergence. Speech by Benoît Cœuré, Member of the Executive Board of the ECB, at the Conference on European Economic Integration (CEEI), Vienna, 26 November 2018. European Central Bank: available at https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2018/html/ecb.sp181126_1.en.html (12 August 2019).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Coleman, J. S. (1986): Social Theory, Social Research, and a Theory of Action. The American Journal of Sociology 91(6): 1309–1335.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Curtice, J. (2017): Why Leave Won the UK’s EU Referendum. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 55(S1): 1–19.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Delhey, J. (2004): Nationales und transnationales Vertrauen in der Europäischen Union. Levia‑ than 32(1): 15–45.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Delhey, J. (2007): Do Enlargements Make the European Union Less Cohesive? An Analysis of Trust between EU Nationalities. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 45(2): 253–279.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Díez Medrano, J. – Ciornei, I. – Apaydin, F. (2019): Explaining Supranational Solidarity, in Recchi, E. – Favell, A. – Apaydin, F. – Barbulescu, R. – Braun, M. – Ciornei, I. – Cunningham, N. – Díez Medrano, J. – Duru, D. N. – Hanquinet, L. – Pötzschke, S. – Reimer, D. – Salamońska, J. – Savage, M. – Jensen, J. S. – Varela, A., eds., Everyday Europe. Social Transnationalism in an Unsettled Continent. 137–170, Policy Press.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Enders, Craig K. – Tofighi, Davood (2007): Centering Predictor Variables in Cross -Sectional Multilevel Models: A New Look at an Old Issue. Psychological Methods 12(2): 121–138.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
European Commission (2012a): Eurobarometer 61 (Feb -Mar 2004). European Opinion Research Group (EORG), Brussels. ZA4056 Data file Version 1. 0. 1, GESIS Data Archive, Cologne.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
European Commission (2012b): Eurobarometer 62.0 (Oct -Nov 2004). TNS OPINION & SOCIAL, Brussels [Producer]. ZA4229 Data file Version 1. 1. 0, GESIS Data Archive, Cologne.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
European Commission (2012c): Eurobarometer 73.4 (May 2010). TNS OPINION & SOCIAL, Brussels [Producer]. ZA5234 Data file Version 2. 0. 1, GESIS Data Archive, Cologne.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
European Commission (2015): European Structural and Investment Funds 2014–2020: Official Texts and Commentaries, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
European Commission (2016a): Candidate Countries Eurobarometer 2004. 1. The GALLUP Organization Hungary, Budapest. ZA4246 Data file Version 1. 0. 1, GESIS Data Archive, Cologne.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
European Commission (2016b): Eurobarometer 83.3 (2015). TNS opinion, Brussels [producer]. ZA5998 Data file Version 1. 0. 0, GESIS Data Archive, Cologne.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
European Commission (2016c): Eurobarometer 84.3 (2015). TNS opinion, Brussels [producer]. ZA6643 Data file Version 2. 0. 0, GESIS Data Archive, Cologne.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
European Commission (2017): Strengthening European Identity through Education and Culture, COM(2017) 673 final, Strasbourg.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
European Commission (2018): EU Budget: Regional Development and Cohesion Policy beyond 2020. Press release: available at https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_18_3885 (accessed: 3 December 2019).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
European Communities (2004): CCEB – 2004.1 Questionnaire, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
European Parliament – Council of the European Union (2003): Regulation (EC) No 1059/2003 of 26 May 2003 on the Establishment of a Common Classification of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS). Official Journal of the European Union L 154: 1–41.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
European Union (2012): Consolidated Version of the Treaty on European Union. Official Journal of the European Union C 326: 13–45.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Eurostat (2018): Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at Current Market Prices by NUTS 2 Regions [nama_10r_2gdp]. Eurostat – Tables, Graphs and Maps Interface (TGM): available at https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=nama_10r_2gdp&lang=en (15 June 2018).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Eurostat (2019a): Glossary: Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Eurostat. Statistics Explained: available at https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Glossary:Gross_domestic_product_(GDP) (15 November 2019).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Eurostat (2019b): Purchasing Power Parities – Overview. Eurostat. Your Key to European Statistics: available at https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/purchasing-power-parities (15 November 2019).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Eurostat (2020): NUTS – Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics. History of NUTS.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Eurostat. Your Key to European Statistics: available at https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/nuts/history (26 October 2020).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Fernández, J. J. – Eigmüller, M. (2018): Societal Education and the Education Divide in European Identity, 1992–2015. European Sociological Review 34(6): 612–628.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Fligstein, N. (2008): Euroclash: The EU, European Identity, and the Future of Europe, Oxford University Press.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Fligstein, N. – Polyakova, A. – Sandholtz, W. (2012): European Integration, Nationalism and European Identity. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 50(S1): 106–122.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Gerhards, J. – Lengfeld, H. (2015): European Citizenship and Social Integration in the European Union, Routledge.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
GESIS (2012a): Eurobarometer 61 – Variable Report, GESIS Variable Reports 2012|32, Cologne.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
GESIS (2012b): Eurobarometer 62.0 – Variable Report, GESIS Variable Reports 2012|33, Cologne.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
GESIS (2012c): Eurobarometer 73.4 – Variable Report, GESIS Variable Reports 2012|305, Cologne.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
GESIS (2018): Eurobarometer 83.3 – Variable Report, GESIS Variable Reports 2018|18, Cologne.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
GESIS (2019): Eurobarometer 84.3 – Variable Report, GESIS Variable Reports 2019|2, Cologne.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
GESIS (2020a): Applicant and Candidate Countries Eurobarometer. Eurobarometer Data Service: availableathttps://www.gesis.org/en/eurobarometer-data-service/survey-series/candidate--countries-eb (26 October 2020).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
GESIS (2020b): Central and Eastern Eurobarometer. Eurobarometer Data Service: available at https://www.gesis.org/en/eurobarometer-data-service/survey-series/central-eastern-eb (26 October 2020).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Haas, E. B. (1958): The Uniting of Europe. Political, Social, and Economic Forces, Stanford University Press.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Herrmann, R. – Brewer, M. B. (2004): Identities and Institutions: Becoming European in the EU, in Herrmann, R. K. – Risse, T. – Brewer, M. B., eds., Transnational Identities. Becoming European in the EU. 1–22, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Hooghe, L. – Marks, G. (2004): Does Identity or Economic Rationality Drive Public Opinion on European Integration? PS: Political Science & Politics 37(3): 415–420.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Immerfall, S. – Boehnke, K. – Baier, D. (2010): Identity, in Immerfall, S. – Therborn, G., eds., Handbook of European Societies. Social Transformations in the 21st Century Societies. 325–353, Springer.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Jann, B. (2014): Plotting Regression Coefficients and Other Estimates. The Stata Journal 14(4): 708–737.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Karlson, K. B. – Holm, A. – Breen, R. (2012): Comparing Regression Coefficients between Same--Sample Nested Models Using Logit and Probit: A New Method. Sociological Methodology 42: 286–313.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Karstens, F. (2020): Let Us Europeans Move: How Collective Identities Drive Public Support for Border Regimes inside the EU. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 58(1): 116–137.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kohler, U. – Karlson, K. B. – Holm, A. (2011): Comparing Coefficients of Nested Nonlinear Probability Models. The Stata Journal 1 (3): 420–438.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kuhn, T. (2011): Europa Ante Portas: Border Residence, Transnational Interaction and Euroscepticism in Germany and France. European Union Politics 13(1): 94–117.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kuhn, T. (2015): Experiencing European Integration. Transnational Lives and European Identity, Oxford University Press.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Landes, F. (2020): Can Money Buy Love? The Impact of EU Cohesion Policy on European Identity, in Donat, E. – Meyer, S. – Abels, G., eds., European Regions. Perspectives, Trends and Develop‑ ments in the 21st Century. 129–143, transcript Verlag.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Langer, W. (2019): Stata Page: available at https://langer.soziologie.uni-halle.de/stata/index.html (13 November 2019).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lockwood, D. (1964): Social Integration and System Integration, in Zollschan, G. K. – Hirsch, W., eds., Explorations in Social Change. 244–257, Routledge & Kegan Paul.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Luhmann, S. (2017): A Multi -Level Approach to European Identity: Does Integration Foster Identity? JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 55(6): 1360–1379.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
van Mol, Ch. – de Valk, H. – van Wissen, L. (2015): Falling in Love with(in) Europe: European Binational Love Relationships, European Identification and Transnational Solidarity. European Union Politics 16(4): 469–489.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Mood, C. (2010): Logistic Regression: Why We Cannot Do What We Think We Can Do, and What We Can Do about It. European Sociological Review 26(1): 67–82.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Nissen, S. (2014): The Eurobarometer and the Process of European Integration. Methodological Foundations and Weaknesses of the Largest European Survey. Quality & Quantity 48(2): 713–727.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Polyakova, A. – Fligstein, N. (2016): Is European Integration Causing Europe to Become more Nationalist? Evidence from the 2007–9 Financial Crisis. Journal of European Public Policy 23(1): 60–83.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Pötzschke, S. – Braun, M. (2019): Social Transnationalism and Supranational Identifications, in Recchi, E. – Favell, A. – Apaydin, F. – Barbulescu, R. – Braun, M. – Ciornei, I. – Cunningham, N. – Díez Medrano, J. – Duru, D. N. – Hanquinet, L. – Pötzschke, S. – Reimer, D. – Salamońska, J. – Savage, M. – Jensen, J. S. – Varela, A., eds., Everyday Europe. Social Transnationalism in an Unsettled Continent. 115–136, Policy Press.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Recchi, E. (2019): Is Social Transnationalism Fusing European Societies into One?, in Recchi, E. – Favell, A. – Apaydin, F. – Barbulescu, R. – Braun, M. – Ciornei, I. – Cunningham, N. – Díez Medrano, J. – Duru, D. N. – Hanquinet, L. – Pötzschke, S. – Reimer, D. – Salamońska, J. – Savage, M. – Jensen, J. S. – Varela, A., eds., Everyday Europe. Social Transnationalism in an Unsettled Continent. 255–289, Policy Press.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Roose, J. (2005): Neofunctionalism, European Identity, and the Puzzles of European Integration. Journal of European Public Policy 12(2): 291–309.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Schraff, D. (2019): Regional Dedistribution and Eurosceptic Voting. Journal of European Public Policy 26(1): 83–105.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Snijders, T. A. B. – Bosker, R. J., eds. (2012): Multilevel Analysis. An Introduction to Basic and Advanced Multilevel Modeling. Second Edition., Sage.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
StataCorp (2017): Stata Statistical Software: Release 15, StataCorp LLC, College Station, TX.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
StataCorp (2019a): estat icc — Estimate Intraclass Correlations: available at https://www.stata.com/manuals/meestaticc.pdf (13 November 2019).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
StataCorp (2019b): margins — Marginal means, Predictive Margins, and Marginal Effects: available at https://www.stata.com/manuals13/rmargins.pdf (30 October 2019).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
StataCorp (2019c): melogit — Multilevel Mixed -Effects Logistic Regression: available at https://www.stata.com/manuals13/memelogit.pdf (30 October 2019).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Stegmueller, D. (2013): How Many Countries for Multilevel Modeling? A Comparison of Frequentist and Bayesian Approaches. American Journal of Political Science 57(3): 748–761.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Veall, M. R. – Zimmermann, K. F. (1996): Pseudo -R2 Measures for Some Common Limited Dependent Variable Models, Sonderforschungsbereich 386 Paper 18 (1996), München.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Verhaegen, S. (2017): What to Expect from European Identity? Explaining Support for Solidarity in Times of Crisis. Comparative European Politics: 1–34.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Verhaegen, S. – Hooghe, M. – Quintelier, E. (2014): European Identity and Support for European Integration: A Matter of Perceived Economic Benefits? KYKLOS 67(2): 295–314.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Weber, H. (2016): Does Immigration Contribute to the Formation of a European Identity? A Multilevel Analysis in Western Europe, in Kaina, V. – Karolewski, Ireneusz Pawel – Kuhn, Sebastian, eds., European Identity Revisited. New Approaches and Recent Empirical Evidence. 157–176, Routledge.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Westle, B. (2003): Europäische Identifikation im Spannungsfeld regionaler und nationaler Identitäten. Theoretische Überlegungen und empirische Befunde. Politische Vierteljahresschrift 44(4): 453–482.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Westle, B. – Kleiner, Tuuli-Marja (2016): Trust Towards Other People. Co -Nationals, Europeans, People outside Europe, in Westle, B. – Segatti, P., eds., European Identity in the Context of National Identity: Questions of Identity in Sixteen European Countries in the Wake of the Financial Crisis. 236–332, Oxford University Press.
]Search in Google Scholar
