About this article
Published Online: May 25, 2018
Page range: 30 - 37
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2018-0006
Keywords
© 2018 Jarosław Chmielewski, Piotr Kusztal, Ilona Żeber-Dzikowska, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
Figure 1
Figure 2
![River basin and location of the Aral Sea [Micklin 2007, modified].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647269d0215d2f6c89dc7232/j_oszn-2018-0006_fig_002.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20240519T040837Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=18000&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKP25APDM2%2F20240519%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=4661faf41818651a810c955c1389573483f29ea59738a705e8745145db7f291f)
Figure 3
![Changes in the water volume of the Aral Sea after I960 based on the observed and estimated values [Gaybullaev et al. 2012, modified]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647269d0215d2f6c89dc7232/j_oszn-2018-0006_fig_003.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20240519T040837Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=18000&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKP25APDM2%2F20240519%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=9d14ef00ea55e6db0196d1641ff61170ee4d0c2938ee386ef02b2d8a2b1436f1)
Figure 4
![Disappearing of the Aral Sea after the hydrotechnical regulations of the Amu Darya and Syr Darya (white line, estimated waterline in I960; the situation in 2001 and 2014 in the satellite imagery) [www.earthobservatory.nasa.gov, photo by NASA]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647269d0215d2f6c89dc7232/j_oszn-2018-0006_fig_004.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20240519T040837Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=18000&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKP25APDM2%2F20240519%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=90fea7a515dec1f4a46e1b49b1eb433c118da5b4ee2bbae575ba8054c0b6b212)
Figure 5
![Land mammals seeking shelter in shipwrecks in the area of the former Aral Sea, now the Aral Karakum Desert [(a) Micklin 2007, photo by P. Micklin; (b) www.fly4free.pl, photo by M. Pitcher]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647269d0215d2f6c89dc7232/j_oszn-2018-0006_fig_005.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20240519T040837Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=18000&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKP25APDM2%2F20240519%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=ed1d6897f57593304a7f6690994b193ab728a3cba7abb2ecd7c0d538b8a0d702)
Figure 6
![Physico-geographical location of Hazaribagh [www.google.com/earth]. 1, Hazaribagh; 2, the Himalayas; 3, the Bay of Bengal.](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647269d0215d2f6c89dc7232/j_oszn-2018-0006_fig_006.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20240519T040837Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=18000&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKP25APDM2%2F20240519%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=c1cdde597f181b79476494df59ba7ebf77057dc44d8ec6c92777e68215bf8a3b)
Figure 7
![The contaminated Buriganga, the only river in Hazaribagh [Varene, Darblay 2012].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647269d0215d2f6c89dc7232/j_oszn-2018-0006_fig_007.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20240519T040837Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=18000&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKP25APDM2%2F20240519%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=ed34cebde8f809cae6800b74af05e6e3b44b3d1c755ef2d060bb4a64d92fdf7f)
Figure 8
![The area of polymer waste concentration (1) in the northeast Pacific between Hawaii (2) and the western coast of the United States (3) [based on Moore et al. 2005 and www.google.com/earth].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647269d0215d2f6c89dc7232/j_oszn-2018-0006_fig_008.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20240519T040837Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=18000&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKP25APDM2%2F20240519%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=05161a417d39ebb0e3de6f0c846df393c217d16efbca4ababf0b814ecde8076b)
Figure 9
![Plastic macrowaste found in the ocean (the northeast Pacific) [Sato 2014, photo by S. Lardeux].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647269d0215d2f6c89dc7232/j_oszn-2018-0006_fig_009.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20240519T040837Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=17999&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKP25APDM2%2F20240519%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=ce7120d06976e77c776afbf52cdd755e749b93d6dbe533e6e3be4f56383bf70b)
Figure 10
![Plastic waste in a dead seabird [Sato 2014],](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647269d0215d2f6c89dc7232/j_oszn-2018-0006_fig_010.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20240519T040837Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=18000&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKP25APDM2%2F20240519%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=caf5f7b9b8d4b17c37e514461e7386630b72cd03cd6cf6125cc3b068ba2d19a1)
Concentrations of selected metals in tannery sewage from Hazaribagh in comparison to the concentration limits (according to NEQS 2000) considered for directing sewage to inland waterways [Kabir et al. 2017, modified].
| Concentration [mg/L] Chromium [Cr] | Ferrum [Fe] | Lead [Pb] | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sample 1 | 5,866.942 ± 1.02 | 1.37 ± 5.44 | 28.976 ± 6.68 |
| Sample 2 | 6,769.554 ± 1.59 | 108.556 ± 2.97 | 32.026 ± 6.92 |
| Sample 3 | 288.454 ± 1.87 | 98.292 ± 1.42 | 20.842 ± 4.88 |
| Sample 4 | 1,474.020 ± 4.99 | 14.26 ± 1.41 | 23.384 ± 2.53 |
| Sample 5 | 2,857.182 ± 3.23 | 41.952 ± 7.56 | 21.858 ± 2.33 |
| Sample 6 | 144.604 ± 2.21 | 64.392 ± 4.00 | 20.334 ± 2.50 |
| Sample 7 | 50.792 ± 1.22 | 23.57 ± 6.22 | 18.808 ± 4.09 |
| Sample 8 | 14.282 ± 1.17 | 30.732 ± 5.47 | 24.400 ± 1.21 |
| Sample 9 | 26.984 ± 6.57 | 19.512 ± 4.83 | 22.368 ± 5.68 |
| Standard acceptable limits for directing to inland waterways according to NEQS 2000 [ | 1.00 | 8.00 | 0.50 |
Average weight (kg) of marine waste (based on the size range) caught within 24 hours (22 November 2004) from three rivers in the southern California [Moore et al. 2011].
| Coyote Creek | San Gabriel River | Los Angeles River | Total | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.0-4.75 mm | >4.75 mm | 1.0-4.75 mm | >4.75 mm | 1.0-4.75 mm | >4.75 mm | |
| 4.06 | 257.59 | 106.86 | 18,429.41 | 3,851.81 | 1,175.42 | 23,825.15 |