Open Access

Towards the Understanding of the pH Dependency of the Chloride Binding of Portland Cement Pastes


Cite

1. Galan I & Glasser F P: “Chloride in cement,” Advances in Cement Research, Vol. 27, 2015, pp. 63–97.10.1680/adcr.13.00067Search in Google Scholar

2. International Federation for Structural concrete, fib, Model Code for Service Life Design: Model code prepared by Task group 5.6, fib, Lausanne, 2006.Search in Google Scholar

3. Fick A, “Über Diffusion,” Annalen der Physik, Vol. 170, 1855, pp. 59–86.10.1002/andp.18551700105Search in Google Scholar

4. De Weerdt K, Lothenbach B & Geiker M R: “Comparing chloride ingress from sea water and NaCl solution in Portland cement mortar,” Submitted for publication to Cement and Concrete Research, April, 2018.10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.09.014Search in Google Scholar

5. De Weerdt K, Justnes H, Geiker M R: “Changes in the phase assemblage of concrete exposed to sea water,” Cement and Concrete Composites, Vol. 47, 2014, pp. 53–63.10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2013.09.015Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

6. Geiker M R: “Fly ash in concrete, Danish experience,” 2015. Report No. 370, Norwegian Public Roads Administration, Oslo, Norway.Search in Google Scholar

7. Jakobsen U H, De Weerdt K & Geiker M R: “Elemental zonation in marine concrete,” Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 85, 2016, pp. 12–27.10.1016/j.cemconres.2016.02.006Search in Google Scholar

8. De Weerdt K, Orsáková D, Muller A C A, Larsen C K, Pedersen B, Geiker M R: “Towards the understanding of chloride profiles in marine exposed concrete, impact of leaching and moisture content,” Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 120, 2016, pp. 418–431.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.05.069Search in Google Scholar

9. Taylor H F W: Cement Chemistry, 2nd ed., Telford, London, UK, 1997.10.1680/cc.25929Search in Google Scholar

10. Justnes H: “A Review of Chloride Binding in Cementitious Systems,” Nordic Concrete Research, Vol. 21, 199, pp. 48-63.Search in Google Scholar

11. Roberts M H: “Effect of calcium chloride on the durability of pre-tensioned wire in prestressed concrete,” Magazine of Concrete Research, Vol. 14, 1962, pp. 143–154.10.1680/macr.1962.14.42.143Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

12. Suryavanshi A K, Narayan Swamy R: “Stability of Friedel’s salt in carbonated concrete structural elements,” Cement Concrete Research, Vol. 26, 1996, pp. 729–741.10.1016/S0008-8846(96)85010-1Search in Google Scholar

13. Arya C, Buenfeld N R, Newman J: “Factors influencing chloride-binding in concrete,” Cement Concrete Research, Vol. 20, 1990, pp. 291–300.10.1016/0008-8846(90)90083-ASearch in Google Scholar

14. Tritthart J: “Chloride binding in cement - II. The influence of the hydroxide concentration in the pore solution of hardened cement paste on chloride binding,” Cement Concrete Research, Vol. 19, 1989, pp. 683–691.10.1016/0008-8846(89)90039-2Search in Google Scholar

15. Hansson C M, Frølund T, Markussen JB: “The effect of chloride cation type on the corrosion of steel in concrete by chloride salts,” Cement Concrete Research, Vol. 15, 1985, pp. 65–73.10.1016/0008-8846(85)90009-2Search in Google Scholar

16. Shi Z, Geiker MR, De Weerdt K, Østnor TA, Lothenbach B, Winnefeld F & Skibsted J: “Role of calcium on chloride binding in hydrated Portland cement–metakaolin–limestone blends,” Cement Concrete Research, Vol. 95, 2017, pp. 205–216.10.1016/j.cemconres.2017.02.003Search in Google Scholar

17. Zhu Q, Jiang L, Chen Y, Xu J, Mo L: “Effect of chloride salt type on chloride binding behavior of concrete,” Construction Building Materials, Vol. 37, 2012, pp. 512–517.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.07.079Search in Google Scholar

18. De Weerdt K, Colombo A, Coppola L, Justnes H, Geiker MR: “Impact of the associated cation on chloride binding of Portland cement paste,” Cement Concrete Research, Vol. 68, 2015, pp. 196–202.10.1016/j.cemconres.2014.01.027Search in Google Scholar

19. Wowra O, Setzer MJ: “Sorption of chlorides on hydrated cement and C3S pastes,” in: M.J. Setzer, R. Auberg - Eds., Frost Resistance of Concrete, E & FN Spon, London, UK, 1997, pp. 147–153.Search in Google Scholar

20. De Weerdt K, Orsáková D, Geiker M:”The impact of sulphate and magnesium on chloride binding in Portland cement paste,” Cement Concrete Research, Vol. 65, 2014, pp. 30–40.10.1016/j.cemconres.2014.07.007Search in Google Scholar

21. Lothenbach B, Durdzinski P, De Weerdt : “Thermogravimetric Analysis,” in: Scrivener K, Snellings R, Lothenbach B- Eds., A Practical Guide to Microstructural Analysis of Cementitious Materials, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, Raton, 2015, pp. 177–211.Search in Google Scholar

22. Kulik D: GEM-Selektor v.3.3, available at: http://gems.web.psi.ch/.Search in Google Scholar

23. Kulik D, Wagner T, Dmytrieva S, Kosakowski G, Hingerl FF, Chudnenko KV, Berner UR: GEM-Selektor geochemical modeling package: Revised algorithm and GEMS3K numerical kernel for coupled simulation codes, Computer and Geoscience, Vol. 17, 2013, pp. 1–24.10.1007/s10596-012-9310-6Search in Google Scholar

24. Wagner T, Kulik D, Hingerl F, Dmytrieva SV: “GEM-Selektor geochemical modeling package: TSolMod library and data interface for multicomponent phase models, “ The Canadian Mineralogist, Vol. 50, 2012, pp. 1173–1195.10.3749/canmin.50.5.1173Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

25. Thermodynamic database, provided by EMPA, available at: https://www.empa.ch/web/s308/thermodynamic-data.Search in Google Scholar

26. Kulik D: “Improving the structural consistency of C-S-H solid solution thermodynamic models,” Cement Concrete Research, Vol. 41, 2011, pp. 477–495.10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.01.012Search in Google Scholar

27. Hemstad P: “pH-dependency of chloride binding in ordinary Portland cement.” Master Thesis, Trondheim, Norway, 2018.Search in Google Scholar

28. Lothenbach B, Winnefeld F, Alder C, Wieland E, Lunk P: “Effect of temperature on the pore solution, microstructure and hydration products of Portland cement pastes,” Cement Concrete Research, Vol. 37, 2007, pp. 483–491.10.1016/j.cemconres.2006.11.016Search in Google Scholar

29. Scrivener K, Taylor HFW: “Delayed ettringite formation: a microstructural and microanalytical study,” Advances in Cement Research, Vol. 5, 1993, pp. 139–146.10.1680/adcr.1993.5.20.139Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

30. De Weerdt K, Justnes H: “The effect of sea water on the phase assemblage of hydrated cement paste,” Cement and Concrete Composites, Vol. 55, 2015, pp. 215–222.10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2014.09.006Search in Google Scholar

31. Machner A, Zajac M, Ben Haha M, Kjellsen KO, Geiker MR, De Weerdt K: “Chloride-binding capacity of hydrotalcite in cement pastes containing dolomite and metakaolin,” Cement Concrete Research, Vol. 107, 2018, pp. 163–181.10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.02.002Search in Google Scholar

32. Delagrave A, Marchand J, Ollivier J-P, Julien S, Hazrati K: “Chloride Binding Capacity of Various Hydrated Cement Paste Systems,” Advanced Cement Based Materials, Vol. 6, 1997, pp. 28–35.10.1016/S1065-7355(97)90003-1Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

33. Labbez C, Nonat A, Pochard I, Jönsson B, “Experimental and theoretical evidence of overcharging of calcium silicate hydrate,” Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 309, 2007, pp. 303–307.10.1016/j.jcis.2007.02.04817346727Search in Google Scholar

34. Plusquellec G, Nonat A: “Interactions between calcium silicate hydrate, C-S-H, and calcium chloride, bromide and nitrate,” Cement Concrete Research, Vol. 90, 2016, pp. 89–96.10.1016/j.cemconres.2016.08.002Search in Google Scholar

35. Haas J, “Etude expérimentale et modélisation thermodynamique du système CaO-SiO2-(Al2O3)-H2O,” PhD thesis, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France, 2012.Search in Google Scholar

36. Zhang J, Scherer GW: “Comparison of methods for arresting hydration of cement,” Cement Concrete Research, Vol. 41, 2011, pp. 1024–1036.10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.06.003Search in Google Scholar

37. Plusquellec G, Geiker M, Lindgård J, Duchesne J, Fournier B, De Weerdt K: “Deter-mination of the pH and the free alkali metal content in the pore solution of concrete,” Cement Concrete Research, Vol. 96, 2017, pp. 13–26.10.1016/j.cemconres.2017.03.002Search in Google Scholar

eISSN:
2545-2819
Language:
English
Publication timeframe:
2 times per year
Journal Subjects:
Materials Sciences, Materials Processing