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Changes in biothermal conditions in the Sudetes Mountains and their foreland in relation to the circulation conditions

Bartłomiej Miszuk
Bartłomiej Miszuk
 and 
Agnieszka Furdak
Agnieszka Furdak
   | Jan 31, 2024
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Published Online: Jan 31, 2024
Page range: 29 - 38
Received: Nov 14, 2023
Accepted: Jan 26, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2023-0027
Keywords
© 2024 Bartłomiej Miszuk et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

Meteorological stations in the Sudetes Mountains and their forelandSource: own elaboration
Meteorological stations in the Sudetes Mountains and their forelandSource: own elaboration

Figure 2.

Frequency of the thermal stress classes according to UTCI under various circulation conditions in 1991–2020Source: own elaboration
Frequency of the thermal stress classes according to UTCI under various circulation conditions in 1991–2020Source: own elaboration

Mean annual values of UTCI and the frequency of thermal stress categories [%] in 1991–2020

Station UTCI [°C] −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4
WR 8.0 . 0.2 7.0 24.6 19.2 38.1 8.1 2.5 0.3 .
LE 6.9 . 0.4 9.3 24.0 19.4 37.7 6.9 2.1 0.2 .
JG 8.1 . 0.1 5.9 22.3 22.5 41.3 6.3 1.6 0.0 .
KL 7.1 0.0 0.6 8.6 23.8 19.0 38.9 7.4 1.6 0.0 .
LI 6.7 . 0.6 9.5 24.7 18.8 37.0 7.5 1.8 0.1 .
D-S 6.4 0.1 1.3 7.4 24.6 21.3 38.4 6.3 0.7 . .
PE 6.0 0.0 0.4 6.3 26.5 22.9 40.1 3.6 0.2 . .
SN −19.3 22.1 16.7 19.2 18.9 12.3 10.7 0.0 . . .

Mean values of UTCI [°C] under selected circulation conditions in 1991–2020

Station a c o N types (N, NE, NW) S types (S, SE, SW) W types (W, NW, SW) E types (E, NE, SE) O types
WR 10.2 5.3 8.0 5.9 9.4 8.0 8.2 9.6
LE 9.6 3.7 6.8 4.1 8.9 6.8 7.2 8.8
JG 10.9 4.6 7.8 5.2 10.0 7.8 8.0 10.3
KL 9.9 3.9 6.7 6.0 7.3 6.4 7.7 9.3
LI 9.8 3.2 6.1 5.0 7.0 6.0 7.8 8.7
D-S 9.3 3.1 5.8 3.5 8.0 6.5 6.1 8.8
PE 8.7 3.0 5.3 4.5 6.9 5.4 6.4 7.7
SN −13.6 −26.0 −20.0 −24.3 −16.7 −21.1 −17.9 −14.6

Changes in UTCI [°C/decade] and the frequency of thermal stress categories [days/decade] in 1991–2020 under anticyclonic (a), cyclonic (c) and transitional (o) circulation; statistically significant trends marked in bold red (positive) or blue (negative)

a Station UTCI −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
WR 1.08 - −0.46 −2.40 −3.96 −0.31 3.17 −1.04 −0.04 0.15
LE 1.26 - −0.31 −4.05 −3.25 0.45 2.94 −0.79 0.11 −0.01
JG 0.24 - −0.11 −1.14 −0.66 −2.38 1.54 −1.45 −0.70 -
KL 0.08 - −0.06 −0.64 −1.84 −2.03 2.92 −2.96 −0.32 -
LI 1.32 - −0.24 −3.93 −3.61 −0.13 4.49 −1.85 0.44 -
D-S 1.33 - −1.10 −2.56 −1.29 −1.92 0.91 0.75 0.53 -
PE 0.37 - −0.30 −0.74 −1.17 −2.01 −0.59 0.08 −0.17 -
SN 1.56 −6.07 −0.76 −0.17 1.48 1.74 −1.02 - - -
c Station UTCI −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
WR 0.68 - - −1.05 0.02 −0.94 0.31 1.38 0.71 -
LE 1.07 - −0.37 −1.25 −0.45 −0.33 0.72 1.69 0.51 -
JG −0.09 - −0.04 0.02 1.54 −1.16 −0.74 0.77 −0.05 -
KL −0.49 - 0.25 0.69 0.45 0.47 −2.25 0.70 −0.02 -
LI 1.02 - −0.51 −1.55 0.50 −1.09 1.42 1.66 −0.09 -
D-S 1.26 - −1.20 −2.25 2.30 −1.38 1.90 0.96 - -
PE 0.12 - 0.01 −1.13 1.99 −0.89 −0.10 0.51 - -
SN 1.62 −3.89 0.52 0.13 1.59 1.08 0.98 - - -
o Station UTCI −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
WR 0.77 - - −0.76 0.71 −0.41 2.78 1.13 1.04 -
LE 1.00 - - −0.92 −0.16 1.61 2.07 1.42 0.70 -
JG 0.22 - - −0.08 1.32 1.36 1.00 0.82 0.10 -
KL −0.14 - 0.20 −0.39 2.18 0.75 1.76 0.06 −0.02 -
LI 1.17 - −0.09 −1.90 1.45 0.18 2.76 1.82 0.40 -
D-S 1.17 - −1.07 −0.69 2.20 −0.41 3.35 1.14 0.12 -
PE 0.41 - −0.34 −0.46 2.15 −0.16 2.82 0.64 - -
SN 1.70 −2.29 0.93 0.92 2.45 0.90 1.59 - - -

Changes in UTCI [°C/decade] and frequency of thermal stress categories [days/decade] in 1991–2020 for various circulation sectors; statistically significant trends marked in bold red (positive) or blue (negative)

N types Station UTCI −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
WR 1.34 - - −3.14 −1.63 −1.28 3.68 0.49 0.25 -
LE 1.46 - −0.33 −4.26 0.13 −0.99 3.60 0.22 0.16 -
JG 0.46 - −0.08 −1.48 −0.03 −0.88 1.37 −0.20 −0.23 -
KL 0.20 - −0.10 −0.41 −0.95 0.44 0.59 −1.02 −0.08 -
LI 1.70 - −0.60 −4.43 −0.97 0.17 4.62 −0.11 −0.17 -
D-S 1.86 - −2.45 −2.81 0.22 −0.18 3.54 0.47 - -
PE 0.67 - −0.32 −1.70 −0.81 −0.66 1.98 0.14 - -
SN 1.82 −5.17 −0.84 1.14 1.63 2.50 −0.70 - - -
S types Station UTCI −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
WR 0.28 - −0.19 −0.15 0.29 −0.31 −1.08 1.15 1.02 −0.26
LE 0.66 - −0.26 −0.71 −1.67 2.14 −1.30 1.54 1.03 −0.28
JG −0.33 - −0.13 0.02 2.58 −0.36 −1.86 0.18 0.14 -
KL −0.61 - 0.29 0.19 1.52 0.48 −1.89 −0.23 0.06 -
LI 0.53 - −0.09 −1.28 0.34 −0.19 −0.17 1.45 0.43 -
D-S 0.59 - −0.19 −1.80 3.07 −2.07 −0.73 1.77 0.47 -
PE −0.22 - −0.11 −0.31 4.78 −3.30 −0.99 0.36 0.03 -
SN 1.19 −3.22 1.19 −0.82 1.53 0.21 1.60 - - -
W types types Station UTCI −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
WR 0.70 - - −1.07 −1.58 −0.36 2.23 1.20 −0.02 −0.04
LE 1.08 - −0.19 −2.68 −1.56 1.07 3.12 0.65 0.03 -
JG 0.08 - −0.06 −0.35 1.10 −0.57 0.88 −0.03 −0.65 -
KL −0.30 - 0.16 −0.63 1.36 0.23 0.89 −0.98 −0.68 -
LI 1.01 - −0.33 −3.14 0.03 0.08 3.49 0.65 −0.43 -
D-S 1.21 - −1.06 −3.03 1.95 −1.83 3.97 0.33 0.05 -
PE 0.16 - −0.11 −1.49 1.37 0.11 0.70 −0.12 - -
SN 1.83 −6.12 1.03 0.16 2.91 2.28 0.18 - - -
E types Station UTCI −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
WR 0.53 - −0.25 −0.92 −0.37 −1.00 2.49 −0.86 1.04 -
LE 0.74 - −0.40 −1.42 −0.52 0.32 1.38 0.17 0.60 -
JG −0.36 - −0.05 0.26 0.55 −0.34 0.43 −0.89 0.18 -
KL −0.60 - 0.04 0.11 0.60 −0.01 0.20 −1.15 0.23 -
LI 0.73 - −0.26 −1.57 −0.57 −0.34 2.46 −0.38 0.85 -
D-S 0.98 - −1.45 −0.81 1.46 −0.99 0.53 1.31 0.27 -
PE −0.06 - −0.41 0.08 1.46 −1.68 0.34 0.46 - -
SN 1.12 −3.33 −0.06 1.89 1.37 −0.06 0.26 - - -
O types Station UTCI −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
WR 1.44 - - −0.63 −0.12 0.29 1.25 0.24 0.06 -
LE 1.53 - - −0.46 −0.24 0.40 0.91 0.61 0.03 -
JG 0.55 - - −0.01 0.67 −0.98 0.85 0.75 −0.17 -
KL 0.36 - - −0.01 0.32 −1.08 2.23 −0.35 0.05 -
LI 1.67 - - −0.49 −0.26 −0.05 1.33 0.50 0.27 -
D-S 1.42 - - −0.51 0.32 −0.05 0.80 0.56 0.29 -
PE 0.69 - - −0.40 0.23 0.27 0.72 0.47 - -
SN 1.21 −0.08 −0.36 −0.08 0.88 0.36 0.47 - - -

Thermal stress categories according to UTCI (Błażejczyk et al. 2013)

Stress category Abbreviation UTCI [°C]
Extreme heat stress 4 above 46
Very strong heat stress 3 38 to 46
Strong heat stress 2 32 to 38
Moderate heat stress 1 26 to 32
No thermal stress 0 9 to 26
Slight cold stress −1 0 to 9
Moderate cold stress −2 −13 to 0
Strong cold stress −3 −27 to −13
Very strong cold stress −4 −40 to −27
Extreme cold stress −5 below −40

Meteorological stations in the Sudetes Mountain and their foreland; mean annual values of air temperature (T), relative humidity (U), wind speed (v) and cloudiness (N) for 12.00 UTC

Station Abbr. Altitude [m asl] Location T [°C] U [%] v [m/s] N [%]
Wroclaw WR 120 Lowlands (river valley) 13.0 63 4.1 71
Legnica LE 122 Lowlands (flatland) 12.9 64 4.5 74
Jelenia Góra JG 342 Lower mtn. zone (basin) 11.8 64 3.3 75
Kłodzko KL 356 Lower mtn. zone (basin) 11.3 68 3.8 72
Liberec LI 398 Lower mtn. zone (basin) 11.2 67 3.9 71
Desna-Souš D-S 772 Middle mtn. zone (convex form) 8.7 72 3.2 70
Pec pod Sněžkou PE 819 Middle mtn. zone (slope) 8.6 69 3.1 71
Śnieżka SN 1603 Summits (convex form) 2.1 86 10.9 79
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