1. How much is air temperature predicted to rise in Poland? |
Correct |
Temperature rise in the future, IPCC reference, 2–4°C rise until the end of the century, factors that influence temperature rise and information about projection uncertainties. |
7 |
Incorrect |
Outdated information, inaccurate temperature values (should be 1–1.5°C until 2050, not 2.5°C), no information about regional variability. |
2. Describe with proper references the past changes of air temperature in Poland. |
Correct |
General information correct (such as increasing temperature trends, especially in winter season), IPCC fifth report correct. |
3 |
Incorrect |
Mixed national reports, fake years and references, some data are highly inaccurate (temperature trend should be 0.29°C/10 years, not 0.17°C/10 years), fake reference years. |
3. Describe the pattern of precipitation in Poland with proper references and links to the sources of information. |
Correct |
General pattern correct, IPCC fifth report correct. |
7 |
Incorrect |
Incorrect precipitation totals, incorrect references, some inaccurate data (precipitation totals should be 500–1500 mm, not 400–1000 mm). |
4. Explain how snow precipitation in Poland changed over time with references to published scientific papers. |
Correct |
Correct real names of scientists. |
2 |
Incorrect |
Off topic – the answer is focused on snow cover, not snow precipitation, incorrect years and journals in references, varied inaccurate ranges of changes, overgeneralization. |
5. Explain the changes of occurrence of high-level clouds over Poland with references to scientific papers. |
Correct |
Correct cloud genres, real scientists connected with cloudiness research quoted, the names of real journals mentioned. |
1 |
Incorrect |
Publication titles and teams are fake, information about changes in high-level clouds are mostly incorrect and without numerical values, two facts are mutually exclusive (decreasing trend in summer and in winter). |
6. Explain the reason for changes in sunshine duration in Poland with references to real scientific papers |
Correct |
Correct factors influencing sunshine duration. |
2 |
Incorrect |
Important scientists omitted, information about trends incorrect, incomplete information about factors that influence this meteorological element, no numerical values given. |
7. Describe temporal and spatial variation of wind speed in Poland with references. |
Correct |
Real scientists and journals, trends mostly correct. |
4 |
Incorrect |
Fake publications, incorrect information about the correlation with NAO index, incomplete information about spatial distribution, no numerical values given. |
8. How are extreme weather events going to change in Poland in the future? Give examples with references. |
Correct |
Improved accuracy of bibliography, mostly correct general trends and patterns of changes. |
5 |
Incorrect |
Some incomplete and inaccurate information about the future of extreme events, for example, a 30% increase in heatwave days without any additional information. |