Retrospective mapping of the XVI century Samtskhe-Javakheti viticulture and fruit farming

Roman Maisuradze; Tamar Khardziani; Tea Eradze

Open Access

Retrospective mapping of the XVI century Samtskhe-Javakheti viticulture and fruit farming

Roman Maisuradze

Tamar Khardziani

and

Tea Eradze

| Jan 31, 2020

Miscellanea Geographica

Volume 24 (2020): Issue 1 (January 2020)

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Page range: 5 - 15

Received: Feb 09, 2019

Accepted: Jul 27, 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2019-0027

Keywords
Viticulture, fruit farming, terraced slopes, retrospective mapping, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Georgia

© 2020 Roman Maisuradze, Tamar Khardziani, Tea Eradze, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Location of the study area. An administrative division of Samtskhe-Javakheti in the second half of the 16th century.Source: Author’s map based on information from the Great Defter of Gurjistan Vilayet, part II, part III (Jikia 1941; Jikia 1958).

Annually produced wine by ‘Nahias’.Source: Author’s map based on information from the Great Defter of Gurjistan Vilayet, part II (Jikia 1941).

A. Vineyards of Samtskhe-Javakheti in the second half of the 16th century; B. Wine production in the study area in the second half of the 16th century.Source: Author’s maps based on information from the Great Defter of Gurjistan Vilayet, part II, part III (Jikia 1941; Jikia 1958)

Annual quantity of fruit crops by ‘Nahias’ in the second half of the 16th century. Source: Author’s map based on information from the Great Defter of Gurjistan Vilayet, part II (Jikia 1941)

A. Gardens of Samtskhe-Javakheti in the second half of the 16th century; B. Fruit production in the study area in the second half of the 16th century.Source: Author’s maps based on information from the Great Defter of Gurjistan Vilayet, part II, part III (Jikia 1941; Jikia 1958)

Historical viticulture zone and artificial terraces at the Toloshi-Khertvisi section. Source: Photographed by Tamar Khardziani, 2018

Khizabavra restored terraces.Source: Photographed by Roman Maisuradze, 2017

Vine and fruit plantings in the study area in 1923

Mazra (an administrative unit)	No.	Community	Agriculture
			Vineyards (ha)	Grapes (tons)	Vine (tons)	Fruit Gardens (ha)	Fruit (tons)
Akhalkalaki	1	Alastani	0	0	0	2.8	42.5
	2	Baraleti	0	0	0	0	0
	3	Gorelovo	0	0	0	0	0
	4	Diltska	0	0	0	5.8	86.66
	5	Eshtio	0	0	0	0	0
	6	Kondura	0	0	0	0	0
	7	Kulikami	0	0	0	0	0
	8	Okami	0	0	0	20.492	307.38
	9	Satkha	0	0	0	0	0
	10	Khertvisi	1.1	3.27	1.9	95.16	1427.36
		All	1.09	3.27	1.9	124.26	1863.9
Akhaltsikhe	1	Adigeni	0	0	0	32.9	493.8
	2	Atskuri	0.9	2.6	1.57	59.9	897.6
	3	Vale	0	0	0	81.532	1222.98
	4	Varkhani	0	0	0	51.9	778.26
	5	Idumala	0	0	0	36.08	541.2
	6	Klde	0	0	0	63.55	953.2
	7	Lepisi	0.44	1.3	0.8	48.7	730.9
	8	Ude	0.11	0.33	0.2	180.9	2714.1
	9	Uraveli	11.9	35.7	21.4	66.9	1003.9
	10	Akhaltsikhe city	0	0	0	13.6	204.4
		All	13.3	39.9	23.94	636.01	9540.2
Gori (communities within the ‘Gurjistan Villaiet’ territory)	4	Akhaldaba	6.9	20.6	12.34	1.86	27.8
	7	Bakuriani	0	0	0	0	0
	8	Borjomi	0.3	0.98	0.6	5	75.2
	11	Gujareti	0	0	0	0	0
	12	Dviri	0.66	1.96	1.2	1.1	16.35
	32	Kvishkheti	24.5	73.6	44.1	9	135.7
	36	Tsagveri	0	0	0	0	0
		All	32.4	97.1	58.3	17	255
Total			46.8	140.6	84.2	777.3	11659.2

Annual production of wine and fruit crops in administrative units entering into the Gurjistan Vilayet in the second half of the 16th century

Administrative units (Liva and Nahia)	Agricultural crops	Number of settlements with vineyards and/or gardens	Total number (tons)
Akhaltsikhe Liva
Mzvare	Vine	10	80
Mzvare	Fruit	11	34.02
Chrdili	Vine	11	107.2
Chrdili	Fruit	14	14.602
Ude	Vine	9	28.8
Ude	Fruit	9	9.205
Kvabliani	Vine	0	0
Kvabliani	Fruit	0	0
Otskhe	Vine	1	3.2
Otskhe	Fruit	2	2.1
Atskuri	Vine	24	242.56
Atskuri	Fruit	20	27.51
Altunkala (Okrostsikhe)	Vine	4	20.16
Altunkala (Okrostsikhe)	Fruit	2	1.75
Aspindza	Vine	20	75.52
Aspindza	Fruit	18	16.555
Chacharaki	Vine	18	142.72
Chacharaki	Fruit	15	25.55
Total within the Liva	Vine	97	700.16
Total within the Liva	Fruit	91	131.292
Khertvisi Liva
Khertvisi	Vine	18	361.6
Khertvisi	Fruit	13	14.735
Tke-Javakleti (Forested Javakheti)	Vine	0	0
Tke-Javakleti (Forested Javakheti)	Fruit	0	0
Buzmareti	Vine	0	0
Buzmareti	Fruit	0	0
Total in Liva	Vine	18	361.6
Total in Liva	Fruit	13	14.735
Akshehiri (Akhalkalaki) Liva
Akshehiri (Akhalkalaki)	Vine	2	9.6
Akshehiri (Akhalkalaki)	Fruit	2	0.875
Tmogvi	Vine	8	63.36
Tmogvi	Fruit	5	5.215
Nialiskuri	Vine	3	9.6
Nialiskuri	Fruit	2	1.253
Total in Liva	Vine	13	82.56
Total in Liva	Fruit	9	7.343
Childiri Liva
Kanarbeli	Vine	1	3.2
Kanarbeli	Fruit	1	2.1
Total in Liva	Vine	1	3.2
Total in Liva	Fruit	1	2.1
Potskhovi Liva
Chrdili	Vine	4	11.2
Chrdili	Fruit	4	3.85
Total in Liva	Vine	4	11.2
Total in Liva	Fruit	4	3.85
Petre Liva
Petre	Vine	2	3.2
Petre	Fruit	2	1.575
Kashveti	Vine	0	0
Kashveti	Fruit	0	0
Total in Liva	Vine	2	3.2
Total in Liva	Fruit	2	1.575
Total number Vine within the „Gurjistan Vilayet” (within the territory of modern Georgia)	Vine	135	1161.92
	Fruit	119	160.895

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Retrospective mapping of the XVI century Samtskhe-Javakheti viticulture and fruit farming

Published Online: Jan 31, 2020

Page range: 5 - 15

Received: Feb 09, 2019

Accepted: Jul 27, 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2019-0027

Keywords
Viticulture, fruit farming, terraced slopes, retrospective mapping, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Georgia

© 2020 Roman Maisuradze, Tamar Khardziani, Tea Eradze, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1

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Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Vine and fruit plantings in the study area in 1923

Annual production of wine and fruit crops in administrative units entering into the Gurjistan Vilayet in the second half of the 16th century

Retrospective mapping of the XVI century Samtskhe-Javakheti viticulture and fruit farming

Published Online: Jan 31, 2020

Page range: 5 - 15

Received: Feb 09, 2019

Accepted: Jul 27, 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2019-0027

KeywordsViticulture, fruit farming, terraced slopes, retrospective mapping, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Georgia

© 2020 Roman Maisuradze, Tamar Khardziani, Tea Eradze, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Vine and fruit plantings in the study area in 1923

Annual production of wine and fruit crops in administrative units entering into the Gurjistan Vilayet in the second half of the 16th century

Keywords
Viticulture, fruit farming, terraced slopes, retrospective mapping, Samtskhe-Javakheti, Georgia