Evaluating map specifications for automated generalization of settlements and road networks in small-scale maps

Karolina Maja Sielicka; Izabela Karsznia

Open Access

Evaluating map specifications for automated generalization of settlements and road networks in small-scale maps

Karolina Maja Sielicka

and

Izabela Karsznia

| Oct 31, 2019

Miscellanea Geographica

Volume 23 (2019): Issue 4 (October 2019)

About this article

Cite

Page range: 242 - 255

Received: Dec 25, 2018

Accepted: Jun 03, 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2019-0025

Keywords
Automated map generalization, small-scale map specifications, evaluation of generalization principles

© 2019 Karolina Maja Sielicka, Izabela Karsznia, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Research area.Source: designed by K. Sielicka

Layers of roads and settlements from GGOD in the research area.Source: designed by K. Sielicka

Settlement generalization models from 1:250 000 to 1:500 000 and 1:1 000 000 detail levels.Source: designed by K. Sielicka

Model of roads generalization to the level of detail corresponding to the 1:500 000 scaleSource: designed by K.Sielicka

Model of roads generalization to the level of detail corresponding to 1:1 000 000 scale.Source: designed by K.Sielicka

Visualization of settlements and road network from different sources: generalized to 1:500 000.Source: designed by K.Sielicka

Settlements from GGOD after generalization to 1:500 000 scale.Source: designed by K.Sielicka

Visualization of settlements on 1:500 000 scale from different sources.Source: designed by K.Sielicka

Visualization of settlements and road network from different sources.Source: designed by K.Sielicka

Visualization of settlements on 1:1 000 000 scale from different sourcesSource: designed by K.Sielicka

Knowledge base (roads in 1:1 000 000 scale)

	Generalization step	Implementation
1	Selection	Select by attributes using the algorithm: KlasaDrogi IN (‚K’, ‚S’, ‚GP’) OR KatZarzadzania IN (‚K’, ‚W’),
2	Smoothing	Smooth Line algorithm Polynomial Approximation with Exponential Kernel (PAEK), tolerance 5 km.
3	Symbolization	Apply symbology - assigning symbols (specified in the Regulation) to objects, divided into groups: highways, highways under construction, expressways or main fast roads, expressways or main fast roads under construction, national roads, voivodeship roads .

Number of settlements depicted on the maps

	Generalization result	Demart atlas	EuroGlobalMap	Radical Law
Number of settlements	18	23	13	276

The number of settlements that were presented in the generalization results and on the reference maps.

Generalization result shown	Atlas of the RP shown	PPWK map shown	Number of settlement 32	% of total settlement 5,8
shown	shown	omitted	19	3,4
omitted	shown	shown	38	6,9
shown	omitted	shown	5	0,9
shown	omitted	omitted	56	10,1
omitted	shown	omitted	72	13,1
omitted	omitted	shown	19	3,4
omitted	omitted	omitted	312	56,4
		Sum	553

The number of settlements presented as a result of selection and on reference maps

Generalization result	Demart atlas	EuroGlobalMap	Number of settlements	% of total settlements
shown	shown	shown	9	1,63
shown	shown	omitted	7	1,27
omitted	shown	shown	1	0,18
shown	omitted	shown	2	0,36
shown	omitted	omitted	0	0
omitted	shown	omitted	6*	1,08
omitted	omitted	shown	1*	0,18
omitted	omitted	omitted	527	95,3
		Sum	553

Length of the roads (in kilometres) by management category and number of occurrences in the reference materials (maps and databases)

Management category	1	2	3 occurrences
Municipality	18	57	73
District	87	20	26
Voivodeship	0.5	9	219
National	0	5	90

Road symbolization classes in accordance with the provisions of the Regulation - roads in 1:500 000 scale.

Road group	Selection algorithm
Highway	KlasaDrogi = ‚A’ AND liczbaJezdniDrogi > 1 AND x_katIstnienia = ‚Eks’
Highway under construction	KlasaDrogi = ‚A’ AND liczbaJezdniDrogi > 1 AND x_katIstnienia = ‚Bud’
Dual-carriageway expressway or main fast road	KlasaDrogi = IN (‚S’, ‚GP’) AND liczbaJezdniDrogi > 1 AND x_ katIstnienia = ‚Eks’
Single-carriageway expressway or main fast road	KlasaDrogi = IN (‚S’, ‚GP’) AND liczbaJezdniDrogi < 2 AND x_ katIstnienia = ‚Eks’
Expressway or main fast road under construction	KlasaDrogi = IN (‚S’, ‚GP’) AND x_katIstnienia = ‚Bud’
Dual-carriageway national road	KatZarzadzania = ‚K’ AND klasaDrogi = ‚G’ AND liczbaJezdniDrogi > 1 AND x_katIstnienia = ‚Eks’
Single-carriageway national road	KatZarzadzania = ‚K’ AND klasaDrogi = ‚G’ AND liczbaJezdniDrogi < 2 AND x_katIstnienia = ‚Eks’
Voivodeship road	katZarzadzenia = ‚W’ AND klasaDrogi = ‚G’ AND x_katIstnienia = ‚Eks’
District surfaced road	katZarzadzania IN (‚P’, ‚G’) AND klasaDrogi IN (‚L’, ‚I’) AND materialNawierzchni IN (‚T’, ‚U’) AND x_katIstnienia = ‚Eks’

Knowledge base (roads in 1:500 000 scale)

	Generalization step	Implementation
1a	Selection	Select by attributes using selection algorithm from table 2 - “District surfaced roads”.
1b	Selection	Select by attributes using sum of selection algorithms from table 2, except “District surfaced roads”.
2	Determining intersections	Production Create Points At Intersections create point on every intersection of “District surfaced roads” with road of higher class; Spatial join counts number of points intersecting the road, sum is stored in “intersections” attribute.
3	Selection	Select by location select settlements that are more than 1 km away from intersections; Select by location select objects from “District surfaced roads” if are closer than add value of attribute “toSettlement” 1 if any settlement object is closer than 2 km; Select by attributes select District surfaced roads” with algorithm: “intersections” = 2 OR ( “intersections” = 1 AND “toSettlement” = 1)
4	Evaluation	Manual verification of the correctness of selection - whether there are cul-de-sacs or discontinuities in the road network
5	Merging	Merge “District surfaced roads” with roads of higher classes.
6	Smoothing	Smooth Line algorithm Polynomial Approximation with Exponential Kernel (PAEK), tolerance 5 km.
7	Symbolization	Apply symbology - assigning symbols (specified in the Regulation) to objects, divided into groups from table 2.

A number of settlements depicted on the maps

	Generalization result	Atlas of the RP	PPWK map	Radical Law
Number of settlement	112	161	94	391

Knowledge base (settlement in 1:1 000 000 scale)

	Generalization step	Implementation
1	Selection	Select by attributes using the algorithm: „rodzaj” = ‚Ms’ OR („rodzaj” = ‚Ws’ AND “siedzibaUr” = ‘1’)
2	Symbolization	Apply symbology - assigning symbols (specified in the Regulation) to objects, divided into groups from table 1.

Settlement symbolization classes in accordance with the provisions of the Regulation - settlements in 1:500 000 scale

Settlement class	Selection algorithm
More than 500 000 inhabitants	„rodzaj” = ‚Ms’ AND „liczbaMies” >=500000
100 000 - 500 000 inhabitants	„rodzaj” = ‚Ms’ AND „liczbaMies” >=100000 AND „liczbaMies” <500000
25 000 - 100 000 inhabitants	„rodzaj” = ‚Ms’ AND „liczbaMies” >=25000 AND „liczbaMies” <100000
5 000 - 25 000 inhabitants	„liczbaMies” >=5000 AND „liczbaMies” <25000
1 000 - 5 000 inhabitants	„liczbaMies” >=1000 AND „liczbaMies” <5000
Less than 1 000 inhabitants	„rodzaj” = ‚Ws’ AND „liczbaMies” < 1000 AND ((„liczbaMies” > 100 AND „gestosc_ za” < 50) OR(„liczbaMies” > 400 AND („gestosc_za” < 50 OR („wojewodztw” = ‚łódzkie’ AND „jpt_nazwa_” NOT IN ( ‚powiat wieluński’ , ‚powiat łódzki wschodni’ )) OR „jpt_nazwa_” = ‚powiat miechowski’ )) OR(„liczbaMies” > 700 AND „gestosc_za” <= 100 AND „gestosc_za” >= 50))

A number of settlements - divided into the number of shows

Shown on	One map	Two maps	All three maps
Number of settlements	147	62	32

Number of settlements - divided into the number of shows

Shown on	One map	Two maps	All three	maps
Number of settlements	7	10		9

eISSN:: 2084-6118
Language:: English

Publication timeframe:: 4 times per year
Journal Subjects:: Geosciences, Geography, other

Journal RSS Feed

Evaluating map specifications for automated generalization of settlements and road networks in small-scale maps

Published Online: Oct 31, 2019

Page range: 242 - 255

Received: Dec 25, 2018

Accepted: Jun 03, 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2019-0025

Keywords
Automated map generalization, small-scale map specifications, evaluation of generalization principles

© 2019 Karolina Maja Sielicka, Izabela Karsznia, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

Figure 10

Knowledge base (roads in 1:1 000 000 scale)

Number of settlements depicted on the maps

The number of settlements that were presented in the generalization results and on the reference maps.

The number of settlements presented as a result of selection and on reference maps

Length of the roads (in kilometres) by management category and number of occurrences in the reference materials (maps and databases)

Road symbolization classes in accordance with the provisions of the Regulation - roads in 1:500 000 scale.

Knowledge base (roads in 1:500 000 scale)

A number of settlements depicted on the maps

Knowledge base (settlement in 1:1 000 000 scale)

Settlement symbolization classes in accordance with the provisions of the Regulation - settlements in 1:500 000 scale

A number of settlements - divided into the number of shows

Number of settlements - divided into the number of shows

Evaluating map specifications for automated generalization of settlements and road networks in small-scale maps

Published Online: Oct 31, 2019

Page range: 242 - 255

Received: Dec 25, 2018

Accepted: Jun 03, 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2019-0025

KeywordsAutomated map generalization, small-scale map specifications, evaluation of generalization principles

© 2019 Karolina Maja Sielicka, Izabela Karsznia, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

Figure 10

Knowledge base (roads in 1:1 000 000 scale)

Number of settlements depicted on the maps

The number of settlements that were presented in the generalization results and on the reference maps.

The number of settlements presented as a result of selection and on reference maps

Length of the roads (in kilometres) by management category and number of occurrences in the reference materials (maps and databases)

Road symbolization classes in accordance with the provisions of the Regulation - roads in 1:500 000 scale.

Knowledge base (roads in 1:500 000 scale)

A number of settlements depicted on the maps

Knowledge base (settlement in 1:1 000 000 scale)

Settlement symbolization classes in accordance with the provisions of the Regulation - settlements in 1:500 000 scale

A number of settlements - divided into the number of shows

Number of settlements - divided into the number of shows

Keywords
Automated map generalization, small-scale map specifications, evaluation of generalization principles