<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><p>The article presents the essence, goals and instruments of soft (informal, non-statutory) spatial planning, developed in the countries of Western Europe and relatively new in Poland. It targets areas with fuzzy borders (soft spaces) and areas between administration tiers. The article presents conceptual issues and non-formal planning tools used in Western Europe. The planning approaches which are generally described as “soft” are characterised by non-formalised and non-binding procedures, and by their focus on achieving a consensus. In the first part of the article presents the conceptual issues and further informal planning instruments used in Western European countries at different spatial scales The following section presents deficits of spatial planning of metropolitan areas and - against this background - the legitimacy of creating informal plans in Poland, using Metropolia Poznań as an example</p></abstract>

The article presents the essence, goals and instruments of soft (informal, non-statutory) spatial planning, developed in the countries of Western Europe and relatively new in Poland. It targets areas with fuzzy borders (soft spaces) and areas between administration tiers. The article presents conceptual issues and non-formal planning tools used in Western Europe. The planning approaches which are generally described as “soft” are characterised by non-formalised and non-binding procedures, and by their focus on achieving a consensus. In the first part of the article presents the conceptual issues and further informal planning instruments used in Western European countries at different spatial scales The following section presents deficits of spatial planning of metropolitan areas and - against this background - the legitimacy of creating informal plans in Poland, using Metropolia Poznań as an example

Soft planning for soft spaces. Concept of Poznań metropolitan area development – a case study

Miscellanea Geographica

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

The article presents the essence, goals and instruments of soft (informal, non-statutory) spatial planning, developed in the countries of Western Europe and...

Soft planning for soft spaces. Concept of Poznań metropolitan area development – a case study

Published Online: Sep 17, 2018

Page range: 181 - 186

Received: Mar 07, 2018

Accepted: Jun 17, 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2018-0020

Keywords
spatial planning, soft spaces, metropolitan area, governance, territorial, contract, Poznań Metropolitan Area

© 2018 Tomasz Kaczmarek, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Soft planning for soft spaces. Concept of Poznań metropolitan area development – a case study

Published Online: Sep 17, 2018

Page range: 181 - 186

Received: Mar 07, 2018

Accepted: Jun 17, 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2018-0020

Keywordsspatial planning, soft spaces, metropolitan area, governance, territorial, contract, Poznań Metropolitan Area

© 2018 Tomasz Kaczmarek, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Keywords
spatial planning, soft spaces, metropolitan area, governance, territorial, contract, Poznań Metropolitan Area