Type of damage | Damage | Dimensions (approximate) | Spectral ranges | Estimated accuracy of results |
---|---|---|---|---|
Damage/loss of ground | Den, cavity, tunnel caused by the activity of burrowing animals | 0.1 - 1 m | VIS, NIR | 0.3 - 0.6 m |
Surface damage | Traces in the crown of the levees | 0.1 - 0.3 m | VIS, NIR | 0.15 - 0.30 m |
Index | Threshold values | Correctly detected water | Error of omission | Error of commission |
---|---|---|---|---|
DVI | <-30 | 71.61% | 28.39% | 2.93% |
NDVI | <-0.14 | 94.76% | 5.24% | 10.04% |
NDVI | <-0.15 | 94.40% | 5.60% | 7.54% |
NDVI | <-0.22 | 89.73% | 10.27% | 1.40% |
NDWI | >0.32 | 78.57% | 21.43% | 6.24% |
SAVI | <-0.20 | 94.96% | 5.04% | 12.01% |
OSAVI | <-0.25 | 90.22% | 9.78% | 1.56% |
SARVI | <-0.4, 0.0> | 88.48% | 11.52% | 15.01% |
ARVI | <-0.1 | 85.06% | 4.37% | 14.94% |
WV-WI | -0.5 | 93.36% | 6.64% | 19.88% |
WV-WII | <29 | 91.26% | 8.74% | 16.49% |
Type of damage | Damage | Dimensions(approximate) | Spectral ranges | Estimated accuracy of results |
---|---|---|---|---|
Surface damage | Wild crossings | 0.3 - 1 m | VIS, NIR | 0.3 - 0.5 m |
Surface damage | Defects in the body and on the sides of the levees caused by wild and burrowing animals | Unspecified | VIS, NIR | 0.3 - 0.5 m |
Slope deformation | Local soil runoff | Unspecified | VIS, NIR | 0.3 - 0.5 m |
Type of damage | Damage | Dimensions (approximate) | Spectral ranges | Estimated accuracy of results |
---|---|---|---|---|
Surface defects | Theft of part of the infrastructure | 2 - 10 m | VIS, NIR | 1 - 2 m |
Surface damage | Transhumance within the body of the levee | 2 - 10 m | VIS, NIR | 1 - 2 m |
Landslides | Possibility of landslide in the section with very low geotechnical parameters | from several to dozens of metres | VIS, NIR | 1 - 2 m |
Landslides | Undercutting of the base of the levee by the current of the river during floods | from several to dozens of metres | VIS, NIR | 1 - 2 m |
Cracks in the body | Longitudinal slits | 5 - 15 m | VIS, NIR | 1 - 2 m |
Blur of the shaft | May occur when the flood wave elevation is greater than the lowest point of the levee crown | Unspecified | NIR | 1 - 2 m |
Satellite/Sensor | LANDSAT-7/ETM+ | SPOT5 | ALOS/PRISM/AVNIR-2 | SPOT6/7 | LDCM/OLI | Sentinel-2A | Sentinel-2B | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NASA, USA | AIRBUS Defence & Space (previously SpotImage), France | JAXA, Japan | AIRBUS Defence & Space, France | NASA, USA | ESA, European Union | ESA, European Union | ||
since 15.04.1999 | 04.05.2002 -31.03.2015 | since 24.01.2006 | since 12.09.2012 | since 11.02.2013 | since 23.06.2015 | since 07.03.2017 | ||
705 | 832 | 692 | 832 | 705 | 786 | 786 | ||
0.52-0.90 | 0.48-0.71 | 0.52-0.77 | 0.455-0.745 | 0.500-0.680 | 0.430-0.457 | 0.420-0.465 | ||
0.45-0.52 | 0.50-0.59 | 0.42-0.50 | 0.455-0.525 | 0.433-0.453 | 0.448-0.546 | 0.443-0.541 | ||
0.52-0.60 | 0.61-0.68 | 0.52-0.60 | 0.530-0.590 | 0.450-0.515 | 0.538-0.583 | 0.536-0.582 | ||
0.63-0.69 | 0.78-0.89 | 0.61-0.69 | 0.625-0.695 | 0.525-0.600 | 0.646-0.684 | 0.646-0.685 | ||
0.76-0.90 | 1.58-1.75 | 0.76-0.89 | 0.760-0.890 | 0.630-0.680 | 0.694-0.713 | 0.694-0.714 | ||
1.55-1.75 | 0.845-0.885 | 0.731-0.749 | 0.730-0.748 | |||||
10.40-12.50 | 1.560-1.660 | 0.769-0.797 | 0.766-0.794 | |||||
2.08-2.35 | 2.100-2.300 | 0.763-0.908 | 0.767-0.900 | |||||
1.360-1.390 | 0.848-0.881 | 0.848-0.880 | ||||||
0.932-0.958 | 0.930-0.957 | |||||||
1.336-1.411 | 1.339-1.415 | |||||||
1.542-1.685 | 1.540-1.681 | |||||||
2.081-2.323 | 2.067-2.305 | |||||||
15×15 | 2.5×2.5, 5.0×5.0 | 2.5×2.5 | 1.5×1.5 | 15×15 | 10×10 | 10×10 | ||
30×30 | 10×10 | 10×10 | 6.0×6.0 | 30×30 | 10×10 20×20 60×60 | 10×10 20×20 60×60 | ||
8 | 8 | 8 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | ||
185×185 | 60×60 | 70×70 | 60×60 | 185×185 | 290 | 290 | ||
0° | +/- 31° | +/- 27° | 0° | +/-46° | +/-46° |
Satellite/Sensor | Ikonos | Eros A | QuickBird | OrbView-3 | Eros B | KOMP SAT-2 | CARTO SAT-2 | World-View-1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GeoEye (previously Space Imaging), USA | ImageSat International, Israel | Digital Globe, USA | OrbImage, USA | ImageSat International, Israel | KARI, South Korea | ISRO, India | Digital Globe, USA | ||
since 24.09.1999 | since 05.12.2000 | 18.10.2001 – 17.12.2014 | 26.06.2003 – 03.2007 | since 25.04.2006 | since 28.07.2006 | since 10.01.2007 | since 18.09.2007 | ||
681-709 | 475-491 | 450 | 470 | 500 | 685 | 630 | 496 | ||
0.45-0.90 | 0.50-0.90 | 0.45-0.90 | 0.45-0.90 | 0.50-0.90 | 0.50-0.90 | 0.50-0.85 | 0.45-0.80 | ||
0.45-0.52 | 0.45-0.52 | 0.45-0.52 | 0.45-0.52 | ||||||
0.52-0.61 | 0.52-0.60 | 0.52-0.60 | 0.52-0.60 | ||||||
0.64-0.72 | 0.63-0.69 | 0.62-0.69 | 0.63-0.69 | ||||||
0.72-0.88 | 0.76-0.90 | 0.76-0.90 | 0.76-0.90 | ||||||
0.82×0.82 | 1.0×1.0 -1.8×1.8 | 0.61×0.61 | 1×1 | 0.7×0.7 | 1×1 | 0.8×0.8 | 0.50×0.50 | ||
3.28×3.28 | 2.44×2.44 | 4×4 | 1.9×1.9 | 4×4 | |||||
11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 11 | 11 | ||
11×11 | 13.5×13.5 | 16×16 | 8×8 | 14×14 | 15×15 | 9.6×9.6 | 17.6×17.6 | ||
+/- 45° | +/- 43° | +/- 30° | +/- 45° | +/- 45° | +/- 60° | +/- 45° | +/- 45° | ||
GeoEye (previously Space Imaging), USA | Digital Globe, USA | ISRO, India | CNES, AIRBUS Defence & Space, France | KARI, South Korea | CNES, AIRBUS Defence & Space, France | Digital Globe, USA | KARI, South Korea | ||
since 06.09.2008 | since 08.10.2009 | since 12.07.2010 | since 17.12.2011 | since 17.05.2012 | since 02.12.2012 | since 13.08.2014 | since 25.03.2015 | ||
681 | 770 | 637 | 694 | 685 | 694 | 617 | 528 | ||
0.45-0.90 | 0.45-0.80 | 0.45-0.85 | 0.48-0.83 | 0.45-0.90 | 0.48-0.83 | 0.45-0.80 | 0.45-0.90 | ||
0.45-0.52 | 0.40-0.45 | 0.43-0.55 | 0.45-0.52 | 0.43-0.55 | 0.40-0.45 | 0.45-0.52 | |||
0.52-0.60 | 0.45-0.52 | 0.49-0.61 | 0.52-0.60 | 0.49-0.61 | 0.45-0.51 | 0.52-0.60 | |||
0.63-0.70 | 0.51-0.58 | 0.60-0.72 | 0.63-0.69 | 0.60-0.72 | 0.51-0.58 | 0.63-0.69 | |||
0.76-0.90 | 0.59-0.63 | 0.75-0.95 | 0.76-0.90 | 0.75-0.95 | 0.59-0.63 | 0.76-0.90 | |||
0.63-0.69 | 0.63-0.69 | ||||||||
0.71-0.75 | 0.71-0.75 | ||||||||
0.77-0.90 | 0.77-0.90 | ||||||||
0.86-1.04 | 0.86-1.04 | ||||||||
0.41×0.41 | 0.46×0.461 | 0.8×0.8 | 0.5×0.5 | 0.7×0.7 | 0.5×0.5 | 0.31×0.311 | 0.5×0.5 | ||
1.65×1.65 | 1.84×1.84 | 2×2 | 2.8×2.8 | 2×2 | 1.24×1.24 | 2×2 | |||
11 | 11 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 12 | 11 | 14 | ||
15×15 | 16.4×16.4 | 9.6×9.6 | 20×20 | 15×15 | 20×20 | 13.1×13.1 | 12×12 | ||
+/- 60° | +/-45° | +/-45° | +/-45° | +/-45° | +/-45° | +/-45° | +/-45° |