The Nowdan anticline of the Zagros orogen as a geoheritage ‘window’ into the late Mesozoic–Cenozoic evolution of the African–Arabian continental margin

Adabi, M.H. & Mehmandosti, E.A., 2008. Microfacies and geochemistry of the Ilam Formation in the Tang-E Rashid area, Izeh, S.W. Iran. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 33, 267–277.10.1016/j.jseaes.2008.01.002Search in Google Scholar

Aghanabati, A., 2004. Geology of Iran. Geological Survey of Iran, 586pp. (in Persian)Search in Google Scholar

Alavi, M., 2004. Regional stratigraphy of the Zagros fold-thrust belt of Iran and its proforeland evolution. American Journal of Science 304, 1–20.10.2475/ajs.304.1.1Search in Google Scholar

Alavi, M., 2007. Structures of the Zagros fold-thrust belt in Iran. American Journal of Science 307, 1064–1095.10.2475/09.2007.02Search in Google Scholar

Aldega, C., Bigi, S., Carminat, E., Trippetta, F., Corrado, S. & Kavoosi, M.A., 2018. The Zagros fold-and-thrust belt in the Fars province (Iran): II. Thermal evolution. Marine and Petroleum Geology 93, 376–390.10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.03.022Search in Google Scholar

Alsharhan, A.S. & Nairn, A.E.M., 1997. Sedimentary basins and petroleum geology of the Middle East. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 878 pp.Search in Google Scholar

Arrad, T.Y., Errami, E., Ennih, N., Ouajhain, B., Ettachfini, E.M. & Bouaouda, M.S., 2020. From geoheritage inventory to geoeducation and geotourism implications: Insight from Jbel Amsittene (Essaouira province, Morocco). Journal of African Earth Sciences 161, 103656.10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2019.103656Search in Google Scholar

Bahroudi, A. & Koyi, H.A., 2004. Tectono-sedimentary framework of the Gachsaran Formationin the Zagros foreland basin. Marine and Petroleum Geology 21, 1295–1310.10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2004.09.001Search in Google Scholar

Beydoun, Z.R., Clarke, M.W.H. & Stoneley, R., 1992. Petroleum in the Zagros basin: a Late Tertiary foreland basin overprinted onto outer edge of a vast hydro-carbon-rich Paleozoic-Mesozoic passivemargin shelf. AAPG Memoirs 55, 309–339.10.1306/M55563C12Search in Google Scholar

Bigi, S., Carminati, E., Aldega, L., Trippetta, F. & Kavoosi, M.A., 2018. Zagros fold and thrust belt in the Fars province (Iran) I: Control of thickness/rheology of sediments and pre-thrusting tectonics on structural style and shortening. Marine and Petroleum Geology 91, 211–224.10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.01.005Search in Google Scholar

Blanchette, A.R., Klemperer, S.L., Mooney, W.D. & Zahran, H.M., 2018. Two-stage Red Sea rifting inferred from mantle earthquakes in Neoproterozoic litho-sphere. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 497, 92–101.10.1016/j.epsl.2018.05.048Search in Google Scholar

Bosworth, W., Huchon, P. & McClay, K., 2005. The Red Sea and Gulf of Aden Basins. Journal of African Earth Sciences 43, 334–378.10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2005.07.020Search in Google Scholar

Brilha, J., 2016. Inventory and quantitative assessment of geosites and geodiversity sites: a review. Geoheritage 8, 119–134.10.1007/s12371-014-0139-3Search in Google Scholar

Brilha, J., Gray, M., Pereira, D.I. &Pereira, P., 2018. Geo-diversity: An integrative review as a contribution to the sustainable development of the whole of nature. Environmental Science and Policy 86, 19–28.10.1016/j.envsci.2018.05.001Search in Google Scholar

Bruno, D.E., Crowley, B.E., Gutak, Ja.M., Moroni, A., Nazarenko, O.V., Oheim, K.B., Ruban, D.A., Tiess, G. & Zorina, S.O., 2014. Paleogeography as geological heritage: Developing geosite classification. Earth-Science Reviews 138, 300–312.10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.06.005Search in Google Scholar

Farsani, N.T., Esfahani, M.A.G. & Shokrizadeh, M., 2019. Understanding Tourists’ Satisfaction and Motivation Regarding Mining Geotours (Case Study: Isfahan, Iran). Geoheritage 11, 681–688.10.1007/s12371-018-0318-8Search in Google Scholar

Fuertes-Gutiérrez, I. & Fernández-Martínez, E., 2010. Geosites Inventory in the Leon Province (Northwestern Spain): A Tool to Introduce Geoheritage into Regional Environmental Management. Geoheritage 2, 57–75.10.1007/s12371-010-0012-ySearch in Google Scholar

Garcia, M.G.M., 2012. Gondwana geodiversity and geological heritage: Examples from the north coast of São Paulo State, Brazil. Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias 35, 101–111.10.11137/2012_1_101_111Search in Google Scholar

Golonka, J., 2004. Plate tectonic evolution of the southern margin of Eurasia in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. Tectonophysics 381, 235–273.10.1016/j.tecto.2002.06.004Search in Google Scholar

Gray, M., 2013. Geodiversity. Valuing and Conserving Abiotic Nature. Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, 495 pp.Search in Google Scholar

Grujicic-Tešic, L., Rabrenovic, D., Kovacevic, J., Gerzina, N. & Deric, N., 2016. Upper Cretaceous geosites on Golija Mountain – Objects of geoheritage. Geologia Croatica 69, 337–345.10.4154/gc.2016.28Search in Google Scholar

Habibi, T., 2016a. Bio- and sequence stratigraphy and microfacies analysis of the Oligocene Asmari Formation at Sepidar Anticline, Interior Fars sub-Basin, SW Iran. Historical Biology 28, 519–532.10.1080/08912963.2014.990388Search in Google Scholar

Habibi, T., 2016b. Biostratigraphy, paleoenvironment and foraminiferal associations of the Rupelian-Chattian sediments in Zagros Basin, SW Iran. Journal of African Earth Sciences 323, 370–380.10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2016.08.007Search in Google Scholar

Habibi, T., 2018. Biostratigraphy and Systematic Paleontology of the Oligocene Larger Benthic Foraminifera from Fars Province, Zagros Basin, SW Iran. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science 42, 1285–1308.10.1007/s40995-017-0155-7Search in Google Scholar

Habibi, T. & Bover-Arnal, T., 2018. Larger Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy and Facies Analysis of the Oligocene-Miocene Asmari Formation in the Western Fars Sub-basin, Zagros Mountains, Iran. Acta Geologica Sinica 92, 2079–2097.Search in Google Scholar

Habibi, T. & Ruban, D.A., 2017. Outstanding diversity of heritage features in large geological bodies: The Gach-saran Formation in southwest Iran. Journal of African Earth Sciences 133, 1–6.10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2017.05.010Search in Google Scholar

Habibi, T., Nielsen, J., Ponedelnik, A.A. & Ruban, D.A., 2017. Palaeogeographical peculiarities of the Pabdeh Formation (Paleogene) in Iran: New evidence of global diversity-determined geological heritage. Journal of African Earth Sciences 135, 24–33.10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2017.08.006Search in Google Scholar

Henriques, M.H., Pena dos Reis, R., Brilha, J. & Mota, T., 2011. Geoconservation as an Emerging Geoscience. Geoheritage 3, 117–128.10.1007/s12371-011-0039-8Search in Google Scholar

Ibáñez, J.-J., Brevik, E.C. & Cerdà, A., 2019. Geodiversity and geoheritage: Detecting scientific and geographic biases and gaps through a bibliometric study. Science of the Total Environment 659, 1032–1044.10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.44331096319Search in Google Scholar

James, G.A. & Wynd, J.G., 1965. Stratigraphic nomenclature of Iranian Oil Consortium Agreement Area. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 49, 2182–2245.10.1306/A663388A-16C0-11D7-8645000102C1865DSearch in Google Scholar

Kamyabi, M., 2014. Ecotourism, geopark in Persian gulf, challenges and development strategies (case study of Qeshm Island). Advances in Environmental Biology 8, 423–430.Search in Google Scholar

Khoshraftar, R.& Torabi Farsani, N., 2019.Geomythology: an Approach for Attracting Geotourists (Case Study: Takht-e Soleyman – Takab World Heritage Sites). Geo-heritage 11, 1879–1888.10.1007/s12371-019-00399-6Search in Google Scholar

Kordi, M., 2019. Sedimentary basin analysis of the Neo-Tethys and its hydrocarbon systems in the Southern Zagros fold-thrust belt and foreland basin. Earth-Science Reviews 191, 1–11.10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.02.005Search in Google Scholar

Leturmy, P. & Robin, C., 2010. Tectonic and stratigraphic evolution of Zagros and Makran during the Mesozoic-Cenozoic. Geological Society Special Publication 330, 1–4.10.1144/SP330.1Search in Google Scholar

MacLeod, J.H. & Majedi, M., 1972. Geological map of Kazeroun, Scale 1:100000. Iranian Oil Operating Companies, Tehran, Iran.Search in Google Scholar

McQuarrie, N., 2004. Crustal scale geometry of the Zagros fold-thrust belt, Iran. Journal of Structural Geology 26, 519–535.10.1016/j.jsg.2003.08.009Search in Google Scholar

Mehdipour Ghazi, J. & Moazzen, M., 2015. Geodynamic evolution of the Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, Zagros Orogen, Iran. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 24, 513–528.10.3906/yer-1404-12Search in Google Scholar

Mikhailenko, A.V. & Ruban, D.A., 2019. Geo-Heritage Specific Visibility as an Important Para,eter in Geo-Tourism Resource Evaluation. Geosciences 9, 146.10.3390/geosciences9040146Search in Google Scholar

Mikhailenko A.V., Nazarenko O.V., Ruban D.A. & Zayats P.P., 2017. Aesthetics-based classification of geological structures in outcrops for geotourism purposes: a tentative proposal. Geologos 23, 45–52.10.1515/logos-2017-0004Search in Google Scholar

Molchanova, T.K. & Ruban, D.A., 2019. New Evidence of the Bangestan Geoheritage Resource in Iran: Beyond Hydrocarbon Reserves. Resources 8, 35.10.3390/resources8010035Search in Google Scholar

Motiei, H., 2003. Stratigraphy of Zagros, Treatise on the geology of Iran. Geological Survey Press, 583 pp.Search in Google Scholar

Mouthereau, F., Lacombe, O. & Vergés, J., 2012. Building the Zagros collisional orogen: Timing, strain distribution and the dynamics of Arabia/Eurasia plate convergence. Tectonophysics 532–535, 27–60.10.1016/j.tecto.2012.01.022Search in Google Scholar

Plyusnina, E.E., Ruban, D.A. & Zayats, P.P., 2015. Thematic dimension of geological heritage: an evidence from the Western Caucasus. Journal of the Geographical Institute “Jovan Cvijić” SASA 65, 59–76.10.2298/IJGI1501059PSearch in Google Scholar

Pourahmad, A., Hosseini, A., Pourahmad, A., Zoghi, M.& Sadat, M., 2018. Tourist Value Assessment of Geotourism and Environmental Capabilities in Qeshm Island, Iran. Geoheritage 10, 687–706.10.1007/s12371-017-0273-9Search in Google Scholar

Prosser, C.D., 2013. Our rich and varied geoconservation portfolio: the foundation for the future. Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association 124, 568–580.10.1016/j.pgeola.2012.06.001Search in Google Scholar

Reynard, E. & Brilha, J. (Eds.), 2018. Geoheritage: Assessment, Protection, and Management. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 482 pp.10.1016/B978-0-12-809531-7.00030-7Search in Google Scholar

Ruban, D.A., 2010. Quantification of geodiversity and its loss. Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association 121, 326–333.10.1016/j.pgeola.2010.07.002Search in Google Scholar

Sallam, E.S. & Ruban, D.A., 2017. Palaeogeographical type of the geological heritage of Egypt: A new evidence. Journal of African Earth Sciences 129, 739–750.10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2017.02.022Search in Google Scholar

Sarkarinejad, K. & Goftari, F., 2019. Thick-skinned and thin-skinned tectonics of the Zagros orogen, Iran: Constraints from structural, microstructural and kinematics analyses. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 170, 249–273.10.1016/j.jseaes.2018.10.021Search in Google Scholar

Schneider, G.I.C. & Schneider, M.B., 2004. Gondwanaland Geopark – A proposed Geopark for Namibia. URL: http://portal.unesco.org/fr/files/47468/12665840421Gondwana_Park_sm.pdf/Gondwana%2BPark%2Bsm.pdfSearch in Google Scholar

Sepehr, M. & Cosgrove, J.W., 2004. Structural framework of the Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt, Iran. Marine and Petroleum Geology 21, 829–843.10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2003.07.006Search in Google Scholar

Setudehnia, A. 1978. The Mesozoic succession in SW Iran and adjacent areas. Journal of Petroleum Geology 1, 3–42.Search in Google Scholar

Shafiei, Z., Farsani, N.T. & Abdollahpour, M., 2017. The benefit of geo-branding in a rural geotourism destination: Isfahan, Iran. Geojournal of Tourism and Geosites 19, 96–103.Search in Google Scholar

Sharland, P.R., Archer, R., Casey, D.M., Davies, R.B., Hall, S.H., Heward, A.P., Horbury, A.D. & Simmons, M.D., 2001. Arabian Plate Sequence Stratigraphy. Oriental Press, Manama, 371 pp.Search in Google Scholar

Taghavi, A.A., Mork, A. & Emadi, M.A., 2006. Sequence stratigraphically controlled diagenesis governs reservoir quality in the carbonate Dehluran Field, southwest Iran. Petroleum Geoscience 12, 115–126.10.1144/1354-079305-672Search in Google Scholar

Yoshida, M. & Upreti, B.N., 2013. Forming Geoparks in Gondwanan Countries. URL: https://nipr.repo.nii. ac.jp/?action=repository_action_common_download&item_id=11657&item_no=1&attribute_id=16&-file_no=1Search in Google Scholar