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Investigation and sequence analysis of avian polyomavirus and psittacine beak and feather disease virus from companion birds in eastern Turkey

Mehmet Cemal Adiguzel
Mehmet Cemal Adiguzel
, 
Mehmet Ozkan Timurkan
Mehmet Ozkan Timurkan
 and 
Seyda Cengiz
Seyda Cengiz
   | Oct 15, 2020
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Published Online: Oct 15, 2020
Page range: 495 - 501
Received: Apr 24, 2020
Accepted: Sep 30, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2020-0066
Keywords
© 2020 M.C. Adiguzel et al. published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig. 1

Phylogenetic tree of different avian Polyomavirus (APV) strains generated using the maximum likelihood method in MEGA v X. The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (1,000 replicates) is shown next to the branches. The evolutionary distances were computed using the maximum likelihood method and are in the units of base substitutions per site. Codon positions included were 1st + 2nd + 3rd + noncoding. The analysis involved 33 nucleotide sequences
Phylogenetic tree of different avian Polyomavirus (APV) strains generated using the maximum likelihood method in MEGA v X. The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (1,000 replicates) is shown next to the branches. The evolutionary distances were computed using the maximum likelihood method and are in the units of base substitutions per site. Codon positions included were 1st + 2nd + 3rd + noncoding. The analysis involved 33 nucleotide sequences

Fig. 2

Phylogenetic tree of different Circovirus strains generated using the maximum likelihood methods in MEGA v X. The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (1,000 replicates) are shown next to the branches. The evolutionary distances were computed using the maximum composite likelihood method and are in the units of base substitutions per site. The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths measured in the number of substitutions per site. The analysis involved 49 nucleotide sequences. Codon positions included were 1st + 2nd + 3rd + noncoding
Phylogenetic tree of different Circovirus strains generated using the maximum likelihood methods in MEGA v X. The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (1,000 replicates) are shown next to the branches. The evolutionary distances were computed using the maximum composite likelihood method and are in the units of base substitutions per site. The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths measured in the number of substitutions per site. The analysis involved 49 nucleotide sequences. Codon positions included were 1st + 2nd + 3rd + noncoding

Species distribution of fresh dropping samples and PCR results

Companion birds (n)Age (months)Number of samples by bird seller
A

A to M indicate thirteen different bird sellers

BCDEFGHIJKLM
Agapornis sp. (3)603
A. ararauna (1)481
M. undulatus (106)2–12115510271015108878
N. hollandicus (2)242
P. erithacus (1)361
Total (113)125514291015108878

Primers used in the study, target region, and amplicon lengths

Primer namesSequence (5′–3′)Target regionSize (bp)References
BFDV-seq-FTTAACAACCCTACAGACGGCGAreplication associated
BFDV-seq-RGGCGGAGCATCTCGCAATAAGprotein (rep) gene605(21)
APV-Ot-2,105-FCAGCACAGAGGTACCGTGTTVP1 gene831(1)
APV-Ot-2,846-RATCAGAGCCCTGCATGCTTT

Species distribution of dropping swab samples positive for APV, PBFDV, and APV & BFDV by PCR

Companion birdOnly APV Positive/total examined (%)Only BFDV Positive/total examined (%)APV & BFDV Positive/total examined (%)
Agapornis sp.0/3 (0)0/3 (0)0/3 (0)
A. ararauna0/1 (0)0/1 (0)0/1 (0)
M. undulatus40/106 (37.7)11/106 (10.4)14/106 (13.2)
N. hollandicus1/2 (50)1/2 (50)0/2 (0)
P. erithacus0/1 (0)0/1 (0)0/1 (0)
Total41/113 (36.3)12/113 (10.6)14/113 (12.4)
eISSN:
2450-8608
Language:
English
Publication timeframe:
4 times per year
Journal Subjects:
Life Sciences, Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Virology, other, Medicine, Veterinary Medicine
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