<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><sec id="j_jvetres-2020-0030_s_005_w2aab3b7c44b1b6b1aab1c14b1Aa"><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Mobile phones (MP) and other electronic and communication devices that are used daily expose users to electromagnetic fields (EMF) and contribute to an increasing incidence of neurological disorders. Brain tissue is the closest organ to the MP as it operates, thus the influence of MP radiation on brain tissue is of particular concern, although research is still inconclusive. The present study investigated the possible effect of an EMF (1,350–1,375 megahertz (MHz)) from an MP on morphological and histopathological profiles in the mouse brain.</p></sec><sec id="j_jvetres-2020-0030_s_006_w2aab3b7c44b1b6b1aab1c14b2Aa"><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>Healthy BALB/c mice were assigned to three equal groups (a control and two experimental groups, n = 10 each). Experimental mice were exposed to EMFs continuously for 72 h, those of experimental group I to a 1,350 MHz field at a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 4.0 W/kg, and group II to a 1,375 MHz field EMF at an SAR of 4.0 W/kg. Brain segmentation and histopathological analysis were applied to detect changes in the morphometric parameters of the brain lobes and identify pathological lesions, respectively.</p></sec><sec id="j_jvetres-2020-0030_s_007_w2aab3b7c44b1b6b1aab1c14b3Aa"><h3>Results</h3><p>Histopathology results revealed shrinkage of pyramidal neurons, presence of mild perivascular and perineural oedema, and some vacuolation of neurons and glial cells derived from mouse great hemispheres. The lesions also included reduction of Purkinje cells, vacuolisation of neurons and glial cells, and interstitial oedema in the cerebellum.</p></sec><sec id="j_jvetres-2020-0030_s_008_w2aab3b7c44b1b6b1aab1c14b4Aa"><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>MP distance of 3 cm from the cage may induce appreciable morphological changes in mouse brain structures; therefore, more comprehensive research is essential for assessment of safe distance. These pronounced effects may interfere with the results of laboratory tests on murine experimental models in veterinary or biomedical research.</p></sec></abstract>

IntroductionMobile phones (MP) and other electronic and communication devices that are used daily expose users to electromagnetic fields (EMF) and contribute to an increasing incidence of neurological disorders. Brain tissue is the closest organ to the MP as it operates, thus the influence of MP radiation on brain tissue is of particular concern, although research is still inconclusive. The present study investigated the possible effect of an EMF (1,350–1,375 megahertz (MHz)) from an MP on morphological and histopathological profiles in the mouse brain.Material and methodsHealthy BALB/c mice were assigned to three equal groups (a control and two experimental groups, n = 10 each). Experimental mice were exposed to EMFs continuously for 72 h, those of experimental group I to a 1,350 MHz field at a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 4.0 W/kg, and group II to a 1,375 MHz field EMF at an SAR of 4.0 W/kg. Brain segmentation and histopathological analysis were applied to detect changes in the morphometric parameters of the brain lobes and identify pathological lesions, respectively.ResultsHistopathology results revealed shrinkage of pyramidal neurons, presence of mild perivascular and perineural oedema, and some vacuolation of neurons and glial cells derived from mouse great hemispheres. The lesions also included reduction of Purkinje cells, vacuolisation of neurons and glial cells, and interstitial oedema in the cerebellum.ConclusionMP distance of 3 cm from the cage may induce appreciable morphological changes in mouse brain structures; therefore, more comprehensive research is essential for assessment of safe distance. These pronounced effects may interfere with the results of laboratory tests on murine experimental models in veterinary or biomedical research.

Effect of electromagnetic field exposure on mouse brain morphological and histopathological profiling

Journal of Veterinary Research

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

IntroductionMobile phones (MP) and other electronic and communication devices that are used daily expose users to electromagnetic fields (EMF) and contribute...

Lobe	Control	EMF group I	EMF group II
	(n = 10)	(n = 10)	(n = 10)

	M ± SD (mm)	M ± SD (mm)	M ± SD (mm)
OB	5.00 ± 0.13	5.04 ± 0.11	5.07 ± 0.08
95% CI	4.91–5.09	4.96–5.12	5.01–5.13
P	0.0999973	0.0889386	0.0917641
SC	2.06 ± 0.11	2.08 ± 0.11	2.14 ± 0.11
95% CI	1.98–2.14	2.00–2.16	2.06–2.22
P	0.0999993	0.0889386	0.0917651
IC	1.98 ± 0.04	1.98 ± 0.04	1.99 ± 0.03
95% CI	1.95–2.01	1.95–2.01	1.97–2.01
P	0.0836604	0.081163	0.0800674
C	2.44 ± 0.16	2.50 ± 0.14	2.54 ± 0.08
95% CI	2.33–2.55	2.40–2.60	2.48–2.60
P	0.1241794	0.1266725	0.1280379
MO	1.09 ± 0.10	1.11 ± 0.13	1.15 ± 0.14
95% CI	1.02–1.16	1.02–1.20	1.05–1.25
P	0.0320313	0.0317181	0.0324736
OBC	16.43 ± 2.03	16.25 ± 2.12	16.63 ± 2.07
95% CI	15.44–17.43	14.78–17.72	15.19–18.06

Group	N	Body weight, g	Brain weight, mg	RBW

		M ± SD	M ± SD
Control	n = 10	24.00 ± 0.00	193 ± 12.52	0.22
95%CI		24.00–24.00	184.04–201.38
EMF I	n = 10	21.77 ± 2.87	202 ± 15.63	0.23
95%CI		19.99–23.57	189.02–211.38
EMF II	n = 10	18.59 ± 3.35	207 ± 16.36	0.26
95%CI		16.52–20.66	195.49–218.91

Effect of electromagnetic field exposure on mouse brain morphological and histopathological profiling

Published Online: May 08, 2020

Page range: 319 - 324

Received: Jul 02, 2019

Accepted: Apr 17, 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2020-0030

Keywords
mouse, electromagnetic field, brain, histopathology

© 2020 J. Zymantiene et al. published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Morphometrical data of mouse brain

Analysis of brain weight

Effect of electromagnetic field exposure on mouse brain morphological and histopathological profiling

Published Online: May 08, 2020

Page range: 319 - 324

Received: Jul 02, 2019

Accepted: Apr 17, 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2020-0030

Keywordsmouse, electromagnetic field, brain, histopathology

© 2020 J. Zymantiene et al. published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Morphometrical data of mouse brain

Analysis of brain weight

Keywords
mouse, electromagnetic field, brain, histopathology