<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec id="j_jvetres-2019-0061_s_005">
<h3>Introduction</h3>
<p>The use of growth promoters in animal husbandry to increase weight gain and efficiency of feed conversion into muscle has been banned in the European Union since 1988, and under Directive 96/23/EC, surveillance for anabolic steroid hormones is obligatory. The hormones present in animal tissues may be of endogenous origin or may result from illegal administration. Steps have been taken to determine selected steroids in the form of esters in the alternative matrix of animal hair. Their detection in biological material is direct proof of the illegal use of anabolics.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="j_jvetres-2019-0061_s_006">
<h3>Material and Methods</h3>
<p>The procedure for the determination of steroid esters in animal hair, based on digestion, extraction, purification, and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was validated under the current regulations. In total, 348 samples of animal hair were examined using this method.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="j_jvetres-2019-0061_s_007">
<h3>Results</h3>
<p>Good recoveries and precision values (RSD) were obtained during validation. Decision limits (CCα) and detection capabilities (CCβ) were in the ranges of 2.57–4.18 μg kg<sup>−1</sup> and 4.38–7.12 μg kg<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The method met the criteria for confirmation techniques with respect to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="j_jvetres-2019-0061_s_008">
<h3>Conclusion</h3>
<p>Testing for steroid esters in animal hair was introduced into the National Residue Control Programme in 2017. Steroid esters were not found in any hair samples above the CCα, which indicates that illegal use of anabolics was not confirmed.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>

Introduction
The use of growth promoters in animal husbandry to increase weight gain and efficiency of feed conversion into muscle has been banned in the European Union since 1988, and under Directive 96/23/EC, surveillance for anabolic steroid hormones is obligatory. The hormones present in animal tissues may be of endogenous origin or may result from illegal administration. Steps have been taken to determine selected steroids in the form of esters in the alternative matrix of animal hair. Their detection in biological material is direct proof of the illegal use of anabolics.


Material and Methods
The procedure for the determination of steroid esters in animal hair, based on digestion, extraction, purification, and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was validated under the current regulations. In total, 348 samples of animal hair were examined using this method.


Results
Good recoveries and precision values (RSD) were obtained during validation. Decision limits (CCα) and detection capabilities (CCβ) were in the ranges of 2.57–4.18 μg kg−1 and 4.38–7.12 μg kg−1, respectively. The method met the criteria for confirmation techniques with respect to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC.


Conclusion
Testing for steroid esters in animal hair was introduced into the National Residue Control Programme in 2017. Steroid esters were not found in any hair samples above the CCα, which indicates that illegal use of anabolics was not confirmed.

Determination of steroid esters in hair of slaughter animals by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

Journal of Veterinary Research

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Introduction
The use of growth promoters in animal husbandry to increase weight gain and efficiency of feed conversion into muscle has been banned in the...

Determination of steroid esters in hair of slaughter animals by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

Published Online: Oct 08, 2019

Page range: 561 - 572

Received: Feb 08, 2019

Accepted: Sep 16, 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2019-0061

Keywords
bovines, swine, hair, steroid esters, liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

© 2019 I. Matraszek-Żuchowska et al. published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Determination of steroid esters in hair of slaughter animals by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

Published Online: Oct 08, 2019

Page range: 561 - 572

Received: Feb 08, 2019

Accepted: Sep 16, 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2019-0061

Keywordsbovines, swine, hair, steroid esters, liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

© 2019 I. Matraszek-Żuchowska et al. published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Keywords
bovines, swine, hair, steroid esters, liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry