| 1% acetonitrile, 20 mM ammonium 10 mM ammonium heptafluorobutyrate, formate (pH 4.0) |
Reversed (250 × 4.6 phase mm) |
0.05–1 nM |
LOD LOQ – – 0.7 NR pM |
NR |
Puffer fish |
(56) |
| 20 mM ammonium acetate, methanol (75/25, v/v) |
Reversed phase (150 × 4.6 mm) |
0.01–1 μg/mL |
LOD – 0.1 μg/g LOQ – NR |
77.7– 80.7% |
Puffer fish |
(17) |
| 30 mM heptafluorobutyric acid, 1 mM ammonium acetate (pH 5) |
Reversed phase (250 × 4.6 mm) |
NR |
NR |
NR |
Japanese fire belly newt (Cynops pyrrhogaster) |
(41) |
| A: 0.1% formic acid in water B: methanol |
HILIC (150 × 4.6 mm) |
1–100 ng/mL |
LOD – 0.1 ng/mL LOQ – 1 ng/mL |
> 95% |
Human blood serum |
(30) |
| 16 mM ammonium formate buffer (pH 5.5), acetonitrile (3/7, v/v) |
HILIC (5 μm, 150 × 2 mm) |
NR |
LOD – 0.5 nM/g LOQ – NR |
NR |
Puffer fish |
(27) |
| 10 mM/L ammonium formate, formic acid (95/5, v/v), 5 mM heptafluorobutyric acid, 2% acetonitrile |
Reversed phase (5 μm, 2.1 × 15 mm) |
0–500 ng/mL in urine samples 0–20 ng/mL for plasma samples |
LOD – 0.13 ng/mL LOQ – 2.5 ng/mL |
75–81% |
Human urine and plasma |
(12) |
| A: 10 mM ammonium formate, 10 mM formic acid in water B: acetonitrile, water (95/5, v/v), 5 mM ammonium formate, 2 mM formic acid |
HILIC (3.5 μm, 150 × 2.1 mm) |
62.5–2,000 ng/mL |
LOD – 16 ng/mL LOQ – 63 ng/mL |
NR |
Puffer fish |
(54) |
| A: 5% acetonitrile B: 95% acetonitrile, 1% acetic acid (pH 3.5) |
HILIC (1.7 μm, 100 × 2.1 mm) |
5–500 ng/mL |
LOD – 0.074 ng/mL LOQ – 0.123 ng/mL |
80–92% |
Gastropod |
(48) |
