<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec id="j_jvetres-2019-0056_s_005">
<h3>Introduction</h3>
<p>Avian pathogenic<italic>Escherichia coli</italic> (APEC) causes serious colibacillosis and significant economic losses. Data on profiles of virulence factors and antibiotic resistances among APEC strains are crucial to the control of infection. In this study, strains were isolated from eastern China, and the prevalence of virulence factors and distribution of antibiotic resistance were determined.</p></sec>
<sec id="j_jvetres-2019-0056_s_006">
<h3>Material and Methods</h3>
<p>APEC strains were isolated and characterised by PCR for O serogroups, virulence factor genes, antibiotic resistance, and phylogenetic groups.</p></sec>
<sec id="j_jvetres-2019-0056_s_007">
<h3>Results</h3>
<p>O78 was the most prevalent serogroup and type A was the most frequent phylogenetic group. The<italic>fimH</italic>,<italic>feoB</italic>, and<italic>iron</italic> genes were the most prevalent among the isolates. All isolates were multiresistant, and all strains were resistant to ampicillin and tetracycline, which are widely used in the poultry industry in China.</p></sec>
<sec id="j_jvetres-2019-0056_s_008">
<h3>Conclusion</h3>
<p>This study provided important data on the presence of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance profiles of APEC from poultry farms in eastern China.</p></sec></abstract>

Introduction
Avian pathogenicEscherichia coli (APEC) causes serious colibacillosis and significant economic losses. Data on profiles of virulence factors and antibiotic resistances among APEC strains are crucial to the control of infection. In this study, strains were isolated from eastern China, and the prevalence of virulence factors and distribution of antibiotic resistance were determined.

Material and Methods
APEC strains were isolated and characterised by PCR for O serogroups, virulence factor genes, antibiotic resistance, and phylogenetic groups.

Results
O78 was the most prevalent serogroup and type A was the most frequent phylogenetic group. ThefimH,feoB, andiron genes were the most prevalent among the isolates. All isolates were multiresistant, and all strains were resistant to ampicillin and tetracycline, which are widely used in the poultry industry in China.

Conclusion
This study provided important data on the presence of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance profiles of APEC from poultry farms in eastern China.

Virulence factors and antibiotic resistance of avian pathogenic <italic>Escherichia coli</italic> in eastern China

Journal of Veterinary Research

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Virulence factors and antibiotic resistance of avian pathogenic  in eastern China

Introduction
Avian pathogenicEscherichia coli (APEC) causes serious colibacillosis and significant economic losses. Data on profiles of virulence factors and...

Antibiotics	Number of resistant strains	Percentage of resistant strains
Ampicillin	106	100
Cefotaxime	57	53.77
Chloramphenicol	89	83.96
Gentamicin	53	50.00
Kanamycin	85	80.19
Streptomycin	68	64.15
Sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim	62	58.49
Nalidixic acid	95	89.62
Tetracycline	106	100

		Phylogenetic group
O-serotype	A	B1	B2	D	Total
O1	2	2	1	0	5
O2	3	2	0	1	6
O4	2	0	1	0	3
O18	4	2	0	0	6
O45	2	1	1	1	5
O78	8	5	3	3	19

Virulence factor genes		Number	Percentage
Adhesins
	Afa	2	1.89
	bmaE	1	0.94
	fimH	102	96.22
	focG	2	1.89
	Iha	0	0
	papA	42	39.62
	papC	47	44.34
	papEF	43	40.57
	papG allele I	13	12.26
	papG allele II	6	5.66
	papG allele III	7	6.60
	Sfa	1	0.94
	SfaS	1	0.94
Iron chelation genes
	feoB	101	95.28
	fyuA	59	55.66
	ireA	76	71.70
	iroN	98	92.45
	irp-2	81	76.42
	iucC	72	67.92
	iutA	87	82.08
	sitA	62	58.49
Miscellaneous
	ibeA	30	28.30
	malX	33	31.13
Protectins
	Iss	87	82.08
	kpsMT (K1)	63	59.43
	kpsMT II	58	54.72
	kpsMT III	12	11.32
	Rfc	0	0
	traT	87	82.08
	ompT	89	83.96
Toxins
	cdtB	2	1.89
	cnf-1	0	0
	hlyD	0	0

Phylogenetic group	Number	Percentage
A	47	43.34
B1	15	14.15
B2	32	30.19
D	12	11.32

Virulence factors and antibiotic resistance of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in eastern China

Published Online: Sep 13, 2019

Page range: 317 - 320

Received: Feb 15, 2019

Accepted: Aug 07, 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2019-0056

Keywords
chicken, phylogenetic group, virulence factors, antibiotic resistance

© 2019 X. Xu et al. published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Antibiotic resistance of 106 APEC strains

Correlation of the O-serotype with the phylogenetic group

Prevalences of virulence factors in 106 APEC strains

Phylogenetic groups of 106 APEC strains

Virulence factors and antibiotic resistance of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in eastern China

Published Online: Sep 13, 2019

Page range: 317 - 320

Received: Feb 15, 2019

Accepted: Aug 07, 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2019-0056

Keywordschicken, phylogenetic group, virulence factors, antibiotic resistance

© 2019 X. Xu et al. published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Antibiotic resistance of 106 APEC strains

Correlation of the O-serotype with the phylogenetic group

Prevalences of virulence factors in 106 APEC strains

Phylogenetic groups of 106 APEC strains

Keywords
chicken, phylogenetic group, virulence factors, antibiotic resistance