<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec id="j_jvetres-2018-0012_s_005">
<h3>Introduction</h3>
<p>Veterinarians use flumequine (FLU) widely but its toxicological effects are still unclear.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="j_jvetres-2018-0012_s_006">
<h3>Material and Methods</h3>
<p>FLU doses of 53, 200, or 750 mg/kg were administered orally for six weeks to pubertal male rats for evaluation of their toxicity.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="j_jvetres-2018-0012_s_007">
<h3>Results</h3>
<p>Weight gain was poorer after seven days of exposure to FLU 750, but relative weights of the brain, adrenal and thyroid glands, and testes were notably higher. Haematological and lipid profile parameters, cardiac markers, and inorganic phosphate significantly increased in the FLU 750 group. Blood glucose, oestradiol and serum concentrations of immunoglobulins G (IgG) and E (IgE) significantly decreased after treatment. The levels of interleukins 10 (IL-10) and 6 (IL-6) fell significantly in the FLU 200 and FLU 750 groups. Cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP1A1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) expression amplified after treatment. Serum levels of free triiodothyronine (fT3) and free thyroxine (fT4) reduced in the FLU 200 and FLU 750 groups without changes in total T3 or T4 level. All doses of FLU significantly depressed concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and testosterone. Histopathology of thyroid glands from rats treated with FLU 750 showed degeneration and depletion of thyroid follicular epithelial cells. Expression of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was increased in a dose-dependent manner in the brain, but decreased in the testes. Expression of CYP1A1 increased in the adrenal and pituitary glands.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="j_jvetres-2018-0012_s_008">
<h3>Conclusion</h3>
<p>The results of this study suggest that the toxicity of FLU in rats is an effect of its disruptive influence on the pituitary-thyroid hormonal system and on the dysfunction of the immune system.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>

Introduction
Veterinarians use flumequine (FLU) widely but its toxicological effects are still unclear.


Material and Methods
FLU doses of 53, 200, or 750 mg/kg were administered orally for six weeks to pubertal male rats for evaluation of their toxicity.


Results
Weight gain was poorer after seven days of exposure to FLU 750, but relative weights of the brain, adrenal and thyroid glands, and testes were notably higher. Haematological and lipid profile parameters, cardiac markers, and inorganic phosphate significantly increased in the FLU 750 group. Blood glucose, oestradiol and serum concentrations of immunoglobulins G (IgG) and E (IgE) significantly decreased after treatment. The levels of interleukins 10 (IL-10) and 6 (IL-6) fell significantly in the FLU 200 and FLU 750 groups. Cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP1A1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) expression amplified after treatment. Serum levels of free triiodothyronine (fT3) and free thyroxine (fT4) reduced in the FLU 200 and FLU 750 groups without changes in total T3 or T4 level. All doses of FLU significantly depressed concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and testosterone. Histopathology of thyroid glands from rats treated with FLU 750 showed degeneration and depletion of thyroid follicular epithelial cells. Expression of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was increased in a dose-dependent manner in the brain, but decreased in the testes. Expression of CYP1A1 increased in the adrenal and pituitary glands.


Conclusion
The results of this study suggest that the toxicity of FLU in rats is an effect of its disruptive influence on the pituitary-thyroid hormonal system and on the dysfunction of the immune system.

Toxicological evaluation of flumequine in pubertal male rats after oral administration for six weeks

Journal of Veterinary Research

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Introduction
Veterinarians use flumequine (FLU) widely but its toxicological effects are still unclear.


Material and Methods
FLU doses of 53, 200, or 750...

Toxicological evaluation of flumequine in pubertal male rats after oral administration for six weeks

Published Online: Mar 30, 2018

Page range: 87 - 96

Received: Aug 03, 2017

Accepted: Feb 20, 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2018-0012

Keywords
male rats, flumequine, toxicity, pituitary gland, thyroid gland

© 2018 J. W. Kang et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Toxicological evaluation of flumequine in pubertal male rats after oral administration for six weeks

Published Online: Mar 30, 2018

Page range: 87 - 96

Received: Aug 03, 2017

Accepted: Feb 20, 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2018-0012

Keywordsmale rats, flumequine, toxicity, pituitary gland, thyroid gland

© 2018 J. W. Kang et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Keywords
male rats, flumequine, toxicity, pituitary gland, thyroid gland