Effects of Corm Dipping in Salicylic Acid or Potassium Nitrate on Growth, Flowering, and Quality of Saffron

Ahrazem O., Rubio-Moraga A., Trapero A., Gómez-Gómez L. 2012. Developmental and stress regula-tion of gene expression for a 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase, CstNCED, isolated from Crocus sativus stigmas. Journal of Experimental Botany 63(2): 681–694. DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err293.10.1093/jxb/err293Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Arnon D.I. 1949. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology 24: 1–15. DOI: 10.1104/pp.24.1.1.10.1104/pp.24.1.1Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Barkosky R.R., Einhellig F.A. 1993. Effects of salicylic acid on plant–water relationships. Journal of Chemical Ecology 19: 237–247. DOI: 10.1007/bf00993692.10.1007/bf00993692Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Björkman O., Demmig B. 1987. Photon yield of O₂ evolution and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics at 77 K among vascular plants of diverse origins. Planta 170: 489–504. DOI: 10.1007/bf00402983.10.1007/BF00402983Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Bongi G., Loreto F. 1989. Gas-exchange properties of salt-stressed olive (Olea europea L.) leaves. Plant Physiology 90: 1408–1416. DOI: 10.1104/pp.90.4.1408.10.1104/pp.90.4.1408Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Chrungoo N.K. 1992. Concepts of dormancy regulation in vegetative plant propagules: a review. Environmental and Experimental Botany 32(4): 309–318. DOI: 10.1016/0098-8472(92)90043-2.10.1016/0098-8472(92)90043-2Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Fallahi H.R., Paravar A., Behdani M.A., Aghhavani-Shajari M., Fallahi M.J. 2014. Effects of saffron corm and leaf extracts on early growth of some plants to investigate the possibility of using them as associated crop. Notulae Scientia Biologicae 6(3): 282–287. DOI: 10.15835/nsb.6.3.9259.10.15835/nsb.6.3.9259Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Fariduddin Q., Hayat S., Ahmad A. 2003. Salicylic acid influences net photosynthetic rate, carboxylation efficiency, nitrate reductase activity, and seed yield in Brassica juncea. Photosynthetica 41: 281–284. DOI: 10.1023/b:phot.0000011962.05991.6c.10.1023/b:phot.0000011962.05991.6cOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

Farooq S., Koul K.K. 1983. Changes in gibberellin-like activity in corms of saffron plant (Crocus sativus L.) during dormancy and sprouting. Biochemie und Physiologie der Pflanzen 178(8): 685–689. DOI: 10.1016/s0015-3796(83)80082-1.10.1016/S0015-3796(83)80082-1Search in Google Scholar

Genty B., Briantais J.M., Baker N.R. 1989. The relationship between the quantum yield of photosynthetic electron transport and quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 990: 87–92. DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(89)80016-9.10.1016/s0304-4165(89)80016-9Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Jabbari M., Khayyat M., Fallahi H.R., Samadzadeh A. 2017. Influence of saffron corm soaking in salicylic acid and potassium nitrate on vegetative and reproductive growth and its chlorophyll fluorescence indices. Saffron Agronomy and Technology 5(1): 21–35. DOI: 10.22048/jsat.2017.38893. [in Persian with English abstract]10.22048/jsat.2017.38893.[PersianOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

Jin J.B., Jin Y.H., Lee J., Miura K., Yoo C.Y., Kim W.Y. et al. 2008. The SUMO E3 ligase, AtS1Z1, regulates flowering by controlling a salicylic acid-mediated floral promotion pathway and through effects on FLC chromatin structure. Plant Journal 53: 530–540. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2007.03359.x.10.1111/j.1365-313x.2007.03359.xOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

Kang G., Wang C., Sun G., Wang Z. 2003. Salicylic acid changes activities of H₂O₂-metabolizing enzymes and increases the chilling tolerance of banana seedlings. Environmental and Experimental Botany 50: 9–15. DOI: 10.1016/s0098-8472(02)00109-0.10.1016/S0098-8472(02)00109-0Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Karagüzel O., Altan S., Doran İ., Söğüt Z. 1999. The effects of GA₃ and additional KNO₃ fertilisation on flowering and quality characteristics of gladiolus grandiflorus ‘eurovision’. In: Anaç D., Martin-Prével P. (Eds.), Improved Crop Quality by Nutrient Management. Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences 86: 259–262. DOI: 10.1007/978-0-585-37449-9_59.10.1007/978-0-585-37449-9_59Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Khan W., Prithiviraj B., Smith D.L. 2003. Photosynthetic responses of corn and soybean to foliar application of salicylates. Journal of Plant Physiology 160: 485–492. DOI: 10.1078/0176-1617-00865.10.1078/0176-1617-00865Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Khayyat M., Rajaee S., Shayesteh M., Sajadinia A., Moradinezhad F. 2010. Effect of potassium nitrate on breaking bud dormancy in strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition 33: 1605–1611. DOI: 10.1080/01904167.2010.496885.10.1080/01904167.2010.496885Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Kitajima M., Butler W.L. 1975. Quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence and primary photochemistry in chloroplasts by dibromothymoquinone. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 376: 105–115. DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(75)90209-1.10.1016/0005-2728(75)90209-1Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Klessig D.F., Malamy J. 1994. The salicylic acid signal in plants. Plant Molecular Biology 26: 1439–1458. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-0239-1-12.10.1007/978-94-011-0239-1-12Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Koocheki A., Rezvani Moghaddam P., Fallahi H.R. 2016. Effects of planting dates, irrigation management and cover crops on growth and yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Journal of Agroecology 8(3): 435–451. DOI: 10.22067/jag.v8i3.51323. [in Persian with English abstract]10.22067/jag.v8i3.51323.[inPersianOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

Kordi S., Saidi M., Ghanbari F. 2013. Induction of drought tolerance in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L) by salicylic acid. International Journal of Agricultural and Food Research 2(2): 18–26. DOI: 10.24102/ijafr.v2i2.149.10.24102/ijafr.v2i2.149Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Larqué-Saavedra A., Martin-Mex R. 2007. Effects of salicylic acid on the bioproductivity of plants. In: Hayat S., Ahmad A. (Eds.), Salicylic acid: a plant hormone. Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 15–23. DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-5184-0_2.10.1007/1-4020-5184-0_2Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Lazár D., Nauš J. 1998. Statistical properties of chlorophyll fluorescence induction parameters. Photosynthetica 35: 121–127. DOI: 10.1023/a:1006886202444.10.1023/A:1006886202444Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Lazár D., Sušila P., Nauš J. 2006. Early detection of plant stress from changes in distributions of chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters measured with fluorescence imaging. Journal of Fluorescence 16: 173–176. DOI: 10.1007/s10895-005-0032-1.10.1007/s10895-005-0032-116575551Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Martínez C., Pons E., Prats G., León J. 2004. Salicylic acid regulates flowering time and links defense responses and reproductive development. Plant Journal 37: 209–217. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2003.01954.x.10.1046/j.1365-313x.2003.01954.x14690505Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

McGuire R.G. 1992. Reporting of objective color measurements. HortScience 27: 1254–1255.10.21273/HORTSCI.27.12.1254Search in Google Scholar

Moharekar S.T., Lokhande S.D., Hara T., Tanaka R., Tanaka A., Chavan P.D. 2003. Effect of salicylic acid on chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of wheat and moong seedlings. Photosynthetica 41(2): 315–317. DOI: 10.1023/b:phot.0000011970.62172.15.10.1023/B:PHOT.0000011970.62172.15Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Molina R.V., Valero M., Navarro Y., Guardiola J.L., García-Luis A. 2005. Temperature effects on flower formation in saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Scientia Horticulturae 103: 361–379. DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2004.06.005.10.1016/j.scienta.2004.06.005Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Rojas E., Leal F. 1997. Effects of pruning and potassium nitrate spray on floral and vegetative bud break of mango cv. Haden. Acta Horticulturae 455: 522–529. DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.1997.455.68.10.17660/ActaHortic.1997.455.68Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Rubio-Moraga A., Rambla J.L., Ahrazem O., Granell A., Gómez-Gómez L. 2009. Metabolite and target transcript analyses during Crocus sativus stigma development. Phytochemistry 70(8): 1009–1016. DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.04.022.10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.04.02219473679Search in Google Scholar

Rubio-Moraga A., Trapero A., Ahrazem O., Gómez-Gómez L. 2010. Crocins transport in Crocus sativus: the long road from a senescent stigma to a newborn corm. Phytochemistry 71(13): 1506–1513. DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.05.026.10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.05.02620573363Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Rubio-Moraga A., Ahrazem O., Pérez-Clemente R.M., Gómez-Cadenas A., Yoneyama K., López-Ráez J.A. et al. 2014. Apical dominance in saffron and the involvement of the branching enzymes CCD7 and CCD8 in the control of bud sprouting. BMC Plant Biology 14; 171, 15 p. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-14-171.10.1186/1471-2229-14-171Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Shakirova F.M., Sakhabutdinova A.R., Bezrukova M.V., Fatkhutdinova R.A., Fatkhutdinova D.R. 2003. Changes in the hormonal status of wheat seedlings induced by salicylic acid and salinity. Plant Science 164: 317–322. DOI: 10.1016/s0168-9452(02)00415-6.10.1016/S0168-9452(02)00415-6Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Sritontip C., Khaosumain Y., Changjaraja S., Poruksa R. 2005. Effect of potassium chlorate, potassium nitrate, sodium hypochlorite and thiourea on off-season flowering and photosynthesis of ‘Do’ longan. Acta Horticulturae 665: 291–296. DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2005.665.35.10.17660/ActaHortic.2005.665.35Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Szepesi Á., Csiszár J., Bajkán S., Gémes K., Horváth F., Erdei L. et al. 2005. Role of salicylic acid pre-treatment on the acclimation of tomato plants to salt- and osmotic stress. Acta Biologica Szegediensis 49: 123–125.Search in Google Scholar

Tajik S., Zarinkamar F., Niknam V. 2015. Effects of salicylic acid on carotenoids and antioxidant activity of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Applied Food Biotechnology 2(4): 33–37. DOI: 10.22037/afb.v2i4.9739.10.22037/afb.v2i4.9739Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Wada K.C., Takeno K. 2013. Salicylic acid-mediated stress-induced flowering. In: Hayat S., Ahmad A., Alyemeni M.N. (Eds.), Salicylic Acid: Plant Growth and Development. Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 163–182. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6428-6_9.10.1007/978-94-007-6428-6_9Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Yeshitela T., Robbertse P.J., Stassen P.J.C. 2004. Effects of various inductive periods and chemicals on flowering and vegetative growth of ‘Tommy Atkins’ and ‘Keitt’ mango (Mangifera indica) cultivars. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science 32: 209–215. DOI: 10.1080/01140671.2004.9514298.10.1080/01140671.2004.9514298Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Yildirim E., Turan M., Guvenc I. 2008. Effect of foliar salicylic acid applications on growth, chlorophyll, and mineral content of cucumber grown under salt stress. Journal of Plant Nutrition 31: 593–612. DOI: 10.1080/01904160801895118.10.1080/01904160801895118Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

Young A.J. 1991. The photo protective role of carotenoids in higher plants. Physiologia Plantarum 83: 702–708. DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.1991.tb02490.x.10.1111/j.1399-3054.1991.tb02490.xOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

Zhang H.B., Xu D.Q. 2003. Role of light-harvesting complex 2 dissociation in protecting the photosystem 2 reaction centres against photodamage in soybean leaves and thylakoids. Photosynthetica 41: 383–391. DOI: 10.1023/b:phot.0000015462.71601.d7.10.1023/b:phot.0000015462.71601.d7Open DOISearch in Google Scholar