<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><p>An experiment was conducted in order to investigate the effects of exogenous polyamines (PAs) on the development of mycorrhizae in roots, nutrient uptake and vegetative and reproductive growth of <italic>Freesia hybrida</italic> ‘Golden Wave’. Corms of freesia were inoculated with <italic>Rhizophagus intraradices</italic> at sowing time and treated once a week by one of three PAs, putrescine (Put), spermidine or spermine, in concentrations of 0.05 and 0.1 mM each as foliar application or soil drench. Application of PAs, especially as soil drench, increased mycorrhizal colonization as well as the growth and development of inoculated plants. Among the three PAs, Put in 0.1 mM concentration was the most effective in increasing colonization, enhancing floral stem length and diameter, floral spike length, floret number on main and lateral spikes and increasing corm and cormlet weight, corm diameter and cormlet number. Sole application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi had no significant effect on the flowering time but soil drench with 0.1 mM Put accelerated flowering by about 17 days. Application of PAs elevated leaves N, P, K, Mg, Fe and Zn and corms’ P, K, Ca, Fe and Zn concentration of inoculated plants. Our results suggest that soil drench application of PAs, especially Put, positively influenced mycorrhizal inoculation and nutrient uptake, which leads to improving growth, flower and corm production and quality of mycorrhizal plants of freesia.</p></abstract>

An experiment was conducted in order to investigate the effects of exogenous polyamines (PAs) on the development of mycorrhizae in roots, nutrient uptake and vegetative and reproductive growth of Freesia hybrida ‘Golden Wave’. Corms of freesia were inoculated with Rhizophagus intraradices at sowing time and treated once a week by one of three PAs, putrescine (Put), spermidine or spermine, in concentrations of 0.05 and 0.1 mM each as foliar application or soil drench. Application of PAs, especially as soil drench, increased mycorrhizal colonization as well as the growth and development of inoculated plants. Among the three PAs, Put in 0.1 mM concentration was the most effective in increasing colonization, enhancing floral stem length and diameter, floral spike length, floret number on main and lateral spikes and increasing corm and cormlet weight, corm diameter and cormlet number. Sole application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi had no significant effect on the flowering time but soil drench with 0.1 mM Put accelerated flowering by about 17 days. Application of PAs elevated leaves N, P, K, Mg, Fe and Zn and corms’ P, K, Ca, Fe and Zn concentration of inoculated plants. Our results suggest that soil drench application of PAs, especially Put, positively influenced mycorrhizal inoculation and nutrient uptake, which leads to improving growth, flower and corm production and quality of mycorrhizal plants of freesia.

Exogenous Polyamines Improve Mycorrhizal Development And Growth And Flowering Of <italic>Freesia hybrida</italic>

Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

School of Agricultural Engineering, Shahrood University, Iran

Journal of Horticultural Research

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Exogenous Polyamines Improve Mycorrhizal Development And Growth And Flowering Of 

An experiment was conducted in order to investigate the effects of exogenous polyamines (PAs) on the development of mycorrhizae in roots, nutrient uptake and...

Exogenous Polyamines Improve Mycorrhizal Development And Growth And Flowering Of Freesia hybrida

Published Online: Dec 30, 2015

Page range: 17 - 25

Received: Aug 01, 2015

Accepted: Oct 01, 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2015-0013

Keywords
flowering, putrescine, spermidine, spermine

© 2015 Shirin Rezvanypour et al., published by De Gruyter Open

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Exogenous Polyamines Improve Mycorrhizal Development And Growth And Flowering Of Freesia hybrida

Published Online: Dec 30, 2015

Page range: 17 - 25

Received: Aug 01, 2015

Accepted: Oct 01, 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2015-0013

Keywordsflowering, putrescine, spermidine, spermine

© 2015 Shirin Rezvanypour et al., published by De Gruyter Open

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Keywords
flowering, putrescine, spermidine, spermine