[Alfaro, M.A., Gregory, P.J., Jarvis, S.C., 2004a. Dynamics of potassium leaching on a hillslope grassland soil. J. Environ. Qual., 33, 1, 192–200. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2004.192010.2134/jeq2004.1920]Search in Google Scholar
[Alfaro, M.A., Jarvis, S.C., Gregory, P.J., 2004b. Factors affecting potassium leaching in different soils. Soil Use Manage., 20, 2, 182–189. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2004.tb00355.x10.1111/j.1475-2743.2004.tb00355.x]Search in Google Scholar
[Anderson, S.P., Dietrich, W.E., Torres, R., Montgomery, D.R., Loague, K., 1997. Concentration-discharge relationships in runoff from steep, unchanneled catchment. Water Resour. Res., 33, 1, 211–225. https://doi.org/10.1029/96WR0271510.1029/96WR02715]Search in Google Scholar
[Barré, P., Velde, B., Abbadie, L., 2007. Dynamic role of ‘‘illite-like’’ clay minerals in temperate soils: facts and hypotheses. Biogeochemistry, 82, 77–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-006-9054-210.1007/s10533-006-9054-2]Search in Google Scholar
[Barré, P., Velde, B., Fontaine, C., Catel, N., Abbadie, L., 2008. Which 2:1 clay minerals are involved in the soil potassium reservoir? Insights from potassium addition or removal experiments on three temperate grassland soil clay assemblages. Geoderma, 146, 216–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2008.05.02210.1016/j.geoderma.2008.05.022]Search in Google Scholar
[Bestland, E., Milgate, S., Chittleborough, D., Van Leeuwen, J., Pichler, M., Soloninka, L., 2009. The significance and lag-time of deep through flow: an example from a small, ephemeral catchment with contrasting soil types in the Adelaide Hills, South Australia. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 1201–1214. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-1201-200910.5194/hess-13-1201-2009]Search in Google Scholar
[Bryndal, T., 2015. Local flash floods in Central Europe: A case study of Poland, Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift., 69, 288–298. https://doi.org/10.1080/00291951.2015.107224210.1080/00291951.2015.1072242]Search in Google Scholar
[Butturini, A, Gallart, F., Latron, J., Vazquez, E., Sabater, F., 2006. Cross-site comparison of variability of DOC and nitrate c–q hysteresis during the autumn–winter period in three Mediterranean headwater streams: a synthetic approach. Biogeochemistry, 77, 327–349. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-005-0711-71]Search in Google Scholar
[Caissie, D., Pollock, T.L., Cunjak, R.A., 1996. Variation in stream water chemistry and hydrograph separation in a small drainage basin. J. Hydrol., 178, 137–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(95)02806-410.1016/0022-1694(95)02806-4]Search in Google Scholar
[Christophersen, N., Neal, C., Hooper, R.P., Vogt, R.D., Andersen, S., 1990. Modeling streamwater chemistry as a mixture of soil water end-members - a step towards second generation acidification models. J. Hydrol., 116, 1, 307–320. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(90)90130-P10.1016/0022-1694(90)90130-P]Search in Google Scholar
[Coles, A.E., McDonnell, J., 2018. Fill and spill drives runoff connectivity over frozen ground. J. Hydrol., 558, 115–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.01.01610.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.01.016]Search in Google Scholar
[Dingman, S.L., 2002. Physical Hydrology. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, 646 p.]Search in Google Scholar
[Dobermann, A., Cruz, P.C.S, Cassman, K.G., 1996. Fertilizer inputs, nutrient balance, and soil nutrient-supplying power in intensive, irrigated rice systems. I. Potassium uptake and K balance. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosys., 46, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF0021021910.1007/BF00210219]Search in Google Scholar
[Edwards, A.M.C., 1973. The variation of dissolved constituents with discharge in some Norfolk Rivers. J. Hydrol., 18, 219–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(73)90049-810.1016/0022-1694(73)90049-8]Search in Google Scholar
[Elsenbeer, H., Lack, A., Cassel, K., 1995a. Chemical fingerprints of hydrological compartments and flow paths at La Cuenca, western Amazonia. Water Resour. Res., 31, 12, 3051–3058. https://doi.org/10.1029/95WR0253710.1029/95WR02537]Search in Google Scholar
[Elsenbeer, H., Lorieri, D., Bonell, M., 1995b. Mixing model approaches to estimate storm flow sources in an overland flow-dominated tropical rain forest catchment. Water Resour. Res., 31, 9, 2267–2278. https://doi.org/10.1029/95WR0165110.1029/95WR01651]Search in Google Scholar
[Evans, C., Davies, T.D., 1998. Causes of concentration/discharge hysteresis and its potential as a tool for the analysis of episode hydrochemistry. Water Resour. Res., 34, 129–137. https://doi.org/10.1029/97WR0188110.1029/97WR01881]Search in Google Scholar
[Foster, I.D.L., 1978. A multivariate model of storm-period solute behavior. J. Hydrol., 39, 339–353. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(78)90010-010.1016/0022-1694(78)90010-0]Search in Google Scholar
[Gburek, W.J., Needelman, B.A., Srinivasan, M.S., 2006. Fragipan controls on runoff generation: Hydropedological implications at landscape and watershed scales. Geoderma, 131, 330–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.03.02110.1016/j.geoderma.2005.03.021]Search in Google Scholar
[Gee, G.W., Bauder, J.W., 1986. Particle-size analysis. In: Klute, A. (Ed.): Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 1. Physical and Mineralogical Methods. Agronomy Monograph. Soil Science Society of America. Madison, Wisconsin, pp. 427–445.]Search in Google Scholar
[Griffioen, J., 2001. Potassium adsorption ratios as an indicator for the fate of agricultural potassium in groundwater. J. Hydrol., 254, 244–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00503-010.1016/S0022-1694(01)00503-0]Search in Google Scholar
[GUS, 2012. Means of production in agriculture in the 2010/2011 farming year. Statistical information and elaborations (2011). Central Statistical Office in Poland, Warszawa.]Search in Google Scholar
[Hem, J.D., 1985. Study and interpretation of the chemical characteristics of natural water, U.S. Geological Survey, Alexandria, 264 p.]Search in Google Scholar
[Hill, A.R., 1993. Base cation chemistry of storm runoff in a forested headwater wetland. Water Resour. Res., 29, 8, 2663–2673. https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR0075810.1029/93WR00758]Search in Google Scholar
[Holz, G.K., 2010. Sources and processes of contaminant loss from an intensively grazed catchment inferred from patterns in discharge and concentration of thirteen analytes using high intensity sampling. J. Hydrol., 383, 194–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.12.03610.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.12.036]Search in Google Scholar
[IUSS Working Group WRB, 2015. World reference base for soil resources 2014. International soil classification system for naming soil and creating legends for soil maps. World Soil Resources Reports, 106. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.]Search in Google Scholar
[Irmak, S., Sürücü, A.K., 1999. Effects of different parent materials on some plant nutrients and heavy metals in the arid regions of Turkey. In: Anac, D., Martin-PrÉvel, P. (Eds.): Improved crop quality by nutrient management. Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences, vol. 86. Springer, Netherlands, pp. 289–291. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-585-37449-910.1007/978-0-585-37449-9]Search in Google Scholar
[Jayalakshmi, T., Santhakumaran, A., 2011. Statistical Normalization and Back Propagation for Classification, International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering, 3, 1, 89–93.10.7763/IJCTE.2011.V3.288]Search in Google Scholar
[Jobbagy, E.G., Jackson, R.B., 2004. The uplift of soil nutrients by plants: biogeochemical consequences across scales. Ecology, 85, 9, 2380–2389. https://doi.org/10.1890/03-024510.1890/03-0245]Search in Google Scholar
[Kayser, M., Isselstein, J., 2005. Potassium cycling and losses in grassland systems: a review. Grass Forage Sci., 60, 213–224. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.2005.00478.x10.1111/j.1365-2494.2005.00478.x]Search in Google Scholar
[Klimek, M., 2005. Pedogenetical controls on retention properties of silty covers in the Carpathian Foothills marginal zone. Soil Science Annual, 56, 1/2, 85–96. (In Polish.)]Search in Google Scholar
[Ladouche, B., Probst, A., Viville, D., Idir, S., Baque, D., Loubet, M., Probst, J-L., Bariac, T., 2001. Hydrograph separation using isotopic, chemical and hydrological approaches (Strengbach catchment, France). J. Hydrol., 242, 255–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00391-710.1016/S0022-1694(00)00391-7]Search in Google Scholar
[Likens, G.E., 2013. Biogeochemistry of a Forested Ecosystem. Springer, New York – Heidelberg – Dordrecht – London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7810-210.1007/978-1-4614-7810-2]Search in Google Scholar
[Likens, G.E., Driscoll, C.T., Buso, D.C., Siccama, D.F., Johnson, C.E., Lovett, G.M., Ryan, D.F., Fahey, T., Reiners, W.A., 1994. The biogeochemistry of potassium at Hubbard Brook. Biogeochemistry, 25, 61–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF0000088110.1007/BF00000881]Search in Google Scholar
[Lindbo, D.L., Rhoton, F.E., Bigham, J.M., Hudnall, W.H., Jones, F.S, Smeck, N.E., Tyler, D.D., 1994. Bulk density and fragipan identification in loess soils of the Lower Mississippi River Valley. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 58, 884–891. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1994.03615995005800030036x10.2136/sssaj1994.03615995005800030036x]Search in Google Scholar
[Lloyd, C.E.M., Freer, J.E., Johnes, P.J., Collins, A.L., 2016. Technical Note: Testing an improved index for analysing storm discharge–concentration hysteresis. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2, 625–632. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-625-201610.5194/hess-20-625-2016]Search in Google Scholar
[Małek, S., Astel, A., 2008. Throughfall chemistry in spruce chronosequence in southern Poland. Environ. Pollut., 155, 517–527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2008.01.03110.1016/j.envpol.2008.01.03118358577]Search in Google Scholar
[McDaniel, P.A., Regan, M.P., Brooks, E., Boll, J., Barndt, S., Falen, A., Young S.K., Hammel, J.E., 2008. Linking fragipans, perched water tables, and catchment-scale hydro-logical processes. Catena, 73, 166–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2007.05.01110.1016/j.catena.2007.05.011]Search in Google Scholar
[McDowell, W.H., Liptzin, D., 2014. Linking soils and streams: Response of soil solution chemistry to simulated hurricane disturbance mirrors stream chemistry following a severe hurricane. Forest Ecol. Manag., 332, 56–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2014.06.00110.1016/j.foreco.2014.06.001]Search in Google Scholar
[McGlynn, B.L., McDonnell, J.J., 2003. Quantyfying the relative contributions of riparian and hillslope zones to catchment runoff. Water Resour. Res., 39, 11. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003WR00209110.1029/2003WR002091]Search in Google Scholar
[Miller, F.P., Holowaychuk, N., Wilding, L.P., 1971. Canfield silt loam, a Fragiudalf: I. Macromorphological, physical, and chemical properties. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 35, 319–324. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1971.03615995003500020040x10.2136/sssaj1971.03615995003500020040x]Search in Google Scholar
[Mulder, J., Christophersen, N., Kopperud, K., Fjeldal, P.H., 1995. Water flow paths and the spatial distribution of soils as a key to understanding differences in streamwater chemistry between three catchments (Norway). Water Air Soil Poll., 81, 67–91. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF0047725710.1007/BF00477257]Search in Google Scholar
[Mulder, J., Pijpers, M., Christophersen, N., 1991. Water flow paths and the spatial distribution of soils and exchangeable cations in an acid rain-impacted and a pristine catchment in Norway. Water Resour. Res., 27, 11, 2919–2928. https://doi.org/10.1029/91WR0191110.1029/91WR01911]Search in Google Scholar
[Needelman, B.A, Gburek, W.J., Petersen, G.W., Sharpley, A.N., Kleinman, P.J.A., 2004. Surface runoff along two agricultural hillslopes with contrasting soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 68, 914–923. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2004.914010.2136/sssaj2004.9140]Search in Google Scholar
[Olewicz, Z.R., 1973. Tektonika jednostki bocheńskiej i brzegu jednostki śląskiej między Rabą a Uszwicą. Acta Geologica Polonica, 23, 4, 701–761.]Search in Google Scholar
[Outram, F.N., Lloyd, C.E.M., Jonczyk, J., Benskin, C.McW.H., Grant, F., Perks, M.T., Deasy C., Burke S.P., Collins A. L., Freer J., Haygarth P.M., Hiscock K.M., Johnes P.J., Lovett A.L., 2014. High-frequency monitoring of nitrogen and phosphorus response in three rural catchments to the end of the 2011–2012 drought in England. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 3429–3448. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3429-201410.5194/hess-18-3429-2014]Search in Google Scholar
[Rockefeller, S.L., McDaniel, P.A., Falen, A.L., 2004. Perched water table responses to forest clearing in northern Idaho. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 68, 168–174. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2004.168010.2136/sssaj2004.1680]Search in Google Scholar
[Rothe, A., Huber, C., Kreutzer, K., Weis, W., 2002. Deposition and soil leaching in stands of Norway spruce and European Beech: Results from the Höglwald research in comparison with other European case studies. Plant Soil, 240, 33–45, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:101584690695610.1023/A:1015846906956]Search in Google Scholar
[Sandén, P., Karlsson, S., Düker, A., Ledin, A., Lundman, L., 1997. Variations in hydrochemistry, trace metal concentration and transport during a rain storm event in a small catchment. J. Geochem. Explor., 58, 2–3, 145–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-6742(96)00078-710.1016/S0375-6742(96)00078-7]Search in Google Scholar
[Saxton, K.E., Rawls, W.J., Romberger, J.S., Papendick, R.I., 1986. Estimating generalized soil water characteristics from texture. Transactions of the ASAE, 50, 1031–1035.10.2136/sssaj1986.03615995005000040039x]Search in Google Scholar
[Saxton, K.E., Rawls, W.J., 2006. Soil water characteristic estimates by texture and organic matter for hydrologic solutions. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 70, 1569–1578. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2005.011710.2136/sssaj2005.0117]Search in Google Scholar
[Sidle, R.C., Tsuboyama, Y., Noguchi, S., Hosoda, I., Fujieda, M., Shimizu, T., 2000. Stormfow generation in steep forested headwaters: a linked hydrogeomorphic paradigm. Hydrol. Process., 14, 369–385. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(20000228)14:3<369::AID-HYP943>3.0.CO;2-P10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(20000228)14:3<369::AID-HYP943>3.0.CO;2-P]Search in Google Scholar
[Simonsson, M., Andersson, S., Andrist-Rangel, Y., Hillier, S., Mattson, L., Öborn, I., 2007. Potassium release and fixation as a function of fertilizer application rate and soil parent material. Geoderma, 140, 188–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2007.04.00210.1016/j.geoderma.2007.04.002]Search in Google Scholar
[Siwek, J., Siwek, J.P., Żelazny, M., 2013. Environmental and land use factors affecting phosphate hysteresis patterns of stream water during flood events (Carpathian Foothills, Poland). Hydrol. Process., 27, 25, 3674–3684. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.948410.1002/hyp.9484]Search in Google Scholar
[Siwek, J.P., Żelazny, M., Chełmicki, W., 2011. Influence of catchment characteristics and flood type on relationship between streamwater chemistry and streamflow: case study from Carpathian Foothills in Poland. Water Air Soil Poll., 214, 547–563. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-010-0445-610.1007/s11270-010-0445-6]Search in Google Scholar
[Siwek, J.P., Żelazny, M., Siwek, J., Szymański, W., 2017. Effect of land use, seasonality, and hydrometeorological conditions on the K+ concentration–discharge relationship during different types of floods in Carpathian Foothills Catchments (Poland). Water Air Soil Poll., 228, 445. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-017-3585-010.1007/s11270-017-3585-0]Search in Google Scholar
[Skiba, S., Drewnik, M., Klimek, M., Szmuc, R., 1998. Soil cover in the marginal zone of the Carpathian Foothills between the Raba and Uszwica rivers. Prace Geograficzne Instytutu Geografii UJ., 103, 125–135.]Search in Google Scholar
[Stachurski, A., Zimka, J.R., 2002. Atmospheric deposition and ionic interactions within a beech canopy in the Karkonosze Mountains. Environ. Pollut., 118, 75–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00238-X10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00238-X]Search in Google Scholar
[Stottlemyer, R., 2001. Processes regulating watershed chemical export during snowmelt, Fraser Experimental Forest, Colorado. J. Hydrol., 245, 1–4, 177–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00352-310.1016/S0022-1694(01)00352-3]Search in Google Scholar
[Sumner, M.E., Miller, W.P., 1996. Cation exchange capacity and exchange coefficients. In: Sparks D.L. (Ed.): Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3. Chemical Methods. SSSA Book Series vol. 5. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, pp. 1201–1229.10.2136/sssabookser5.3.c40]Search in Google Scholar
[Szymański, W., Skiba, M. Skiba, S., 2011. Fragipan horizon degradation and bleached tongues formation in Albeluvisols of the Carpathian Foothills, Poland. Geoderma, 167–168, 340–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.07.00710.1016/j.geoderma.2011.07.007]Search in Google Scholar
[Szymański, W., Skiba, M., Skiba, S., 2012. Origin of reversible cementation and brittleness of the fragipan horizon in Albeluvisols of the Carpathian Foothills, Poland. Catena, 99, 66–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2012.07.01210.1016/j.catena.2012.07.012]Search in Google Scholar
[Święchowicz, J., Michno, A., 2005. Obszar badań. In: Żelazny, M. (Ed.): Dynamika obiegu związków biogennych w wodach opadowych, powierzchniowych i podziemnych w zlewniach o różnym użytkowaniu na Pogórzu Wiśnickim. Instytut Geografii i Gospodarki Przestrzennej UJ, Kraków, pp. 63–100.]Search in Google Scholar
[Thomas, G.W., 1996. Soil pH and soil acidity. In: Sparks, D.L. (Ed.): Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3. Chemical Methods. SSSA Book Series, vol. 5. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, pp. 475–490.10.2136/sssabookser5.3.c16]Search in Google Scholar
[Tripler, C.E., Kaushal, S.S., Likens, G.E., Walter, M.T., 2006. Patterns in potassium dynamics in forest ecosystems. Ecol. Lett., 9, 451–466. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00891.x10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00891.x]Search in Google Scholar
[Ulery, A.L., Graham, R.C., Chadwick, O.A., Wood, H.B., 1995. Decade-scale changes of soil carbon, nitrogen and exchangeable cations under chaparral and pine. Geoderma, 65, 121–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7061(94)00034-810.1016/0016-7061(94)00034-8]Search in Google Scholar
[Walling, D.E., Foster, I.D.L., 1975. Variations in the natural chemical concentration of river water during flood flows, and the lag effect: some further comments. J. Hydrol., 26, 237–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(75)90005-010.1016/0022-1694(75)90005-0]Search in Google Scholar
[Wanielista, M., Kersten, R., Eaglin, R., 1997. Hydrology: Water Quantity and Quality Control. Wiley, New York, 592 p.]Search in Google Scholar
[Williams, M.R., Leydecker, A., Brown, A.D., Melack, J.M., 2001. Processes regulating the solute concentrations of snowmelt runoff in two subalpine catchments of the Sierra Nevada, California. Water Resour. Res., 37, 1993–2008. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000WR90036110.1029/2000WR900361]Search in Google Scholar
[Witty, J.E., Knox, E.G., 1989. Identification, role in soil taxonomy andworldwide distribution of fragipans. In: Smeck, N.E., Ciolkosz, E.J. (Eds.): Fragipans: their occurrence, classification and genesis, vol. 24. Soil Science Society of America. Madison, Wisconsin, pp. 1–9.10.2136/sssaspecpub24.c1]Search in Google Scholar