Local scour around complex pier groups and combined piles at semi-integral bridge

Akib, S., Mohammadhassani, M., Jahangirzadeh, A. 2014. Application of ANFIS and LR in prediction of scour depth in bridges. Computers & Fluids, 91, 77-86.Search in Google Scholar

Akib, S., Fayyadh, M. M., Othman, I., 2011a. Structural behaviour of a skewed integral bridge affected by different parameters. J. Road Bridge Eng., 6, 2, 107-114.10.3846/bjrbe.2011.15Search in Google Scholar

Akib, S., Othman, F., Sholichin, M., Fayyadh, M., Shirazi, S. M., Primasari, B., 2011b. Influence of flow shallowness on scour depth at semi-integral bridge piers. Adv. Mater. Res., 243-249, 4478-4481.10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.243-249.4478Search in Google Scholar

Fayyadh, M.M., Akib, S., Othman. I., A.Razak, H., 2011c. Experimental investigation and finite element modelling of the effects of flow velocities on a skewed integral bridge. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, 19, 1975-1810.10.1016/j.simpat.2011.04.010Search in Google Scholar

Akib, S., Fayyadh, M. M., Shirazi, S. M., Primasari, B., & Idris, M. F. 2011d. Innovative countermeasure for integral bridge scour. Int. J. Phy. Sci, 6(21), 4883-4887.Search in Google Scholar

Akib, S., Jahangirzadeh, A., Wei, L.H., Shirazi, S.M, Rahman, S., 2012. Experimental study on the skewed integral bridge by using crushed concrete geobags as scour protection. In: Proceeding of the 6th International Conference on Scour and Erosion, 27-31 August, Paris, France.Search in Google Scholar

Ataie-Ashtiani, B., Beheshti, A., 2006. Experimental investigation of clear-water local scour at pile groups. J. Hydraul. Eng., 132, 10, 1100-1104.10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2006)132:10(1100)Search in Google Scholar

Ataie-Ashtiani, B., Baratian-Ghorghi, Z., Beheshti, A., 2010. Experimental investigation of clear-water local scour of compound piers. J. Hydraul. Eng., 136, 6, 343-351.10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2010)136:6(343)Search in Google Scholar

Biddle, A.R., Iles, D.C., Yandzio, E., 1997. Integral Steel Bridges: Design Guidance. The Steel Construction Institute, ASCOT, Berkshire, UK.Search in Google Scholar

Chiew, Y.M., Melville, B.M., 1987. Local scour around bridge piers. J. Hydraul. Res., 25, 1, 15-26.10.1080/00221688709499285Search in Google Scholar

Coleman, S.E., 2005. Clearwater local scour at complex piers. J. Hydraul. Eng., 131, 4, 330-334.10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2005)131:4(330)Search in Google Scholar

Deng, L., Cai, C.S., 2010. Bridge scour: prediction, modeling, monitoring, and countermeasures-review, Pract. Periodical Struct. Design Constr., 15, 2, 125-134.10.1061/(ASCE)SC.1943-5576.0000041Search in Google Scholar

Dey, S., 1997. Local scour at piers, part 1: A review of development of research. Int. J. Sediment Res., 12, 2, 23-46.Search in Google Scholar

Diab, R., Link, O., Zanke, U., 2010. Geometry of developing and equilibrium scour holes at bridge piers in gravel. Can. J. Civil Eng., 37, 4, 544-552.10.1139/L09-176Search in Google Scholar

England, G.L., Tsang, N.C.M., Bush, D.I., 2000. Integral Bridges: A Fundamental Approach to the Time-Temperature Loading Problem. Telford, Thomas Limited.10.1680/ibafattttlp.35416Search in Google Scholar

Ghodsian, M., Vaghefi, M., 2009. Experimental study on scour and flow filed in a scour hole around a T-shape spur dike in a 90° bend. Int. J. Sediment Res., 24, 2, 145-158.10.1016/S1001-6279(09)60022-6Search in Google Scholar

Hager, W., Unger, J., 2010. Bridge pier scour under flood waves. J. Hydraul. Eng., 136, 10, 842-847.10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000281Search in Google Scholar

Heidarpour, H., Afzalimehr, H., Izadinia, E., 2010. Reduction of local scour around bridge pier groups using collars. Int. J. Sediment Res., 25, 4, 411-422.10.1016/S1001-6279(11)60008-5Search in Google Scholar

Jahangirzadeh, A., Akib, S., Ismail, Z., Kamali, B., Kakouei, M., Behnia, A., 2012. Determination of Rectangular Collar Dimensions for Reducing Scour around Bridge Pier. In: Proceeding of the 6th International Conference on Scour and Erosion, 27-31 August, Paris, France.Search in Google Scholar

Karami, H., Basser, H., Ardeshir, A., Hosseini, S.H., 2012. Verification of numerical study of scour around spur dikes using experimental data. Water and Environment Journal, 49, 1-1.10.1111/wej.12019Search in Google Scholar

Lagasse, P.F., Clopper, P.E., Zevenbergen, L.W., Girard, L.W., 2007. Countermeasures to protect bridge pier from scour. NCHRP Report-593. Transportation research board, Washington D.C., United States.Search in Google Scholar

Lagasse, P.F., Zevenbergen, L.W., Schall, I.D., and Clopper, P.E., 2001. Bridge scour and stream instability countermeasures. Hydraulic Engineering, Circular No. 23 (HEC-23) Second edition, FHWANH1 01-003. Federal highway administration, Washington, D.C.Search in Google Scholar

Link, O., Pfleger, F., Zanke, U., 2008. Characteristics of developing scour-holes at a sand embedded cylinder. Int. J. Sediment Res., 23, 3, 258-266.10.1016/S1001-6279(08)60023-2Search in Google Scholar

Martin-Vide, J.P., Hidalgo, C., Bateman, A., 1998. Local scour at pier bridge foundation. J. Hydraul. Eng., 124, 4, 439-442.10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1998)124:4(439)Search in Google Scholar

Mashahir, M.B., Zarrati, A.R., Mokallaf, E., 2010. Application of riprap and collar to prevent scouring around rectangular bridge piers. J. Hydraul. Eng., 136, 3, 183-187.10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000145Search in Google Scholar

Melville, B.W., 2008. The physics of local scour at bridge piers. In: Proceeding of the 4th International Conference on Scour and Erosion, 5-7 November, Tokyo, Japan.Search in Google Scholar

Melville, B. W., Coleman S. E., 2000. Bridge, Water Resources. Publications LLC, Littleton, Colorado.Search in Google Scholar

Melville, B.W., Raudkivi, A.J., 1996. Effect of foundation geometry on bridge pier scour. J. Hydraul. Eng., 114, 10, 203-209. Oliveto, G., Hager, W.H., 2005. Further results to timedependent local scour at bridge elements. J. Hydraul. Eng., 131, 2, 97-105.10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2005)131:2(97)Search in Google Scholar

Pagliara, S., Carnacina, I., 2010. Temporal scour evolution at bridge piers: Effect of wood debris roughness and porosity. J. Hydraul. Res., 48, 1, 3-13.10.1080/00221680903568592Search in Google Scholar

Picek, T., Havlík, A., Mattas, D., 2004. Pressure flow and overflow bridges. J. Hydrol. Hydromech., 52, 3, 185-192.Search in Google Scholar

Raudkivi, A.J., 1998. Loose Boundary Hydraulics. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.Search in Google Scholar

Raudkivi, A.J., Ettema, R., 1983. Clear-water scour at cylindrical piers. J. Hydraul. Eng., 109, 3, 339-350.10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1983)109:3(338)Search in Google Scholar

Sheppard, D.M., Glasser, T., 2004. Sediment scour at piers with complex geometries. In: Proceeding of the 2nd International Conference on Scour and Erosion, 14-17 November, Singapore.Search in Google Scholar

Tafarojnoruz, A., Gaudio, R., Dey, S., 2010. Flow-altering countermeasures against scour at bridge piers: a review. J. Hydraul. Res., 48, 4, 441-452.10.1080/00221686.2010.491645Search in Google Scholar

Tafarojnoruz, A., Gaudio, R., Calomino, F., 2012. Bridge pier scour mitigation under steady and unsteady flow conditions. Acta Geophys., 60, 4, 1076-1097.10.2478/s11600-012-0040-xSearch in Google Scholar

Zarrati, A.R., Nazariha, M., Mashahir, M.B., 2006. Reduction of local scour in the vicinity of bridge pier group using collars and riprap. J. Hydraul. Eng., 132, 2, 154-162.10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2006)132:2(154)Search in Google Scholar

Zarrati, A.R., Chamani, M.R., Shafaie, A., Latifi, M., 2010. Scour countermeasures for cylindrical piers using riprap and combination of collar and riprap. Int. J. Sediment Res., 25, 313-322. 10.1016/S1001-6279(10)60048-0Search in Google Scholar