<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><p>An electrical Impedance based tool is designed and developed to aid physicians performing clinical exams focusing on cancer detection. Current research envisions improvement in sensor-based measurement technology to differentiate malignant and benign lesions in human subjects. The tool differentiates malignant anomalies from nonmalignant anomalies using Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). This method exploits cancerous tissue behavior by using EIS technique to aid early detection of cancerous tissue.</p><p>The correlation between tissue electrical properties and tissue pathologies is identified by offering an analysis technique based on the Cole model. Additional classification and decision-making algorithm is further developed for cancer detection. This research suggests that the sensitivity of tumor detection will increase when supplementary information from EIS and built-in intelligence are provided to the physician.</p></abstract>

An electrical Impedance based tool is designed and developed to aid physicians performing clinical exams focusing on cancer detection. Current research envisions improvement in sensor-based measurement technology to differentiate malignant and benign lesions in human subjects. The tool differentiates malignant anomalies from nonmalignant anomalies using Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). This method exploits cancerous tissue behavior by using EIS technique to aid early detection of cancerous tissue.The correlation between tissue electrical properties and tissue pathologies is identified by offering an analysis technique based on the Cole model. Additional classification and decision-making algorithm is further developed for cancer detection. This research suggests that the sensitivity of tumor detection will increase when supplementary information from EIS and built-in intelligence are provided to the physician.

Cancer detection based on electrical impedance spectroscopy: A clinical study

Journal of Electrical Bioimpedance

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

{"article-title":"Cancer detection based on electrical impedance spectroscopy: A clinical study"}

An electrical Impedance based tool is designed and developed to aid physicians performing clinical exams focusing on cancer detection. Current research...

Case Study No.	Age	Sex	Tumor Type	Tumor Position
Subject 1	90	Female	BCC (Basal Cell Carcinoma)	Left side of nose along sidewall
Subject 2	97	Female	SCC (Squamous Cell Carcinoma)	Left cheek center
Subject 3	81	Male	SCC (Squamous Cell Carcinoma)	Right Temple of head
Subject 4	93	Female	SCC (Squamous Cell Carcinoma)	Left cheek
Subject 5	87	Female	BCC (Basal Cell Carcinoma)	Left cheek under the eye
Subject 6	93	Female	BCC (Basal Cell Carcinoma)	Left mid neck
Subject 7	87	Male	BCC (Basal Cell Carcinoma)	Right cheek
Subject 8	92	Male	SCC (Squamous Cell Carcinoma)	Forearm
Subject 9	66	Female	BCC (Basal Cell Carcinoma)	Upper left cheek
Subject 10	65	Male	BCC (Basal Cell Carcinoma)	Left nasal wing

		Sensitivity %	Specificity %	Accuracy %	Resubstitution %	Cross Validation Error %
Raw Data	NB Gaussian	7.14	50	31.25	68.75	54.17
Raw Data	NB Kernel	12.5	12.5	12.5	87.5	87.5

Extracted Features	NB Gaussian	38.46	73.68	59.38	40.63	31.2
	NB Kernel	44.44	73.91	65.63	34.38	33.3
	SVM	20	58.82	40.63	59.38	53.12

Normalized Extracted Features	NB Gaussian	66.67	90	81.25	18.75	16.67
	NB Kernel	70	86.36	81.25	18.75	13.12
	SVM	50	80	68.75	31.25	18.75

Cancer detection based on electrical impedance spectroscopy: A clinical study

Article Category: Research articles

Published Online: Aug 16, 2018

Page range: 17 - 23

Received: Jun 26, 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/joeb-2018-0004

Keywords
Electrical Impedance (EI), electrical Impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Cole model, early cancer detection, fitting-model, LAD error function

© 2018 Moqadam SM, Grewal PK, Haeri Z, Ingledew PA, Kohli K, Golnaraghi F., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

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Case studies recruited for testing the proposed method on cancerous subjects and their information

The performance of various classification methods on raw and processed data.

Cancer detection based on electrical impedance spectroscopy: A clinical study

Article Category: Research articles

Published Online: Aug 16, 2018

Page range: 17 - 23

Received: Jun 26, 2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/joeb-2018-0004

KeywordsElectrical Impedance (EI), electrical Impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Cole model, early cancer detection, fitting-model, LAD error function

© 2018 Moqadam SM, Grewal PK, Haeri Z, Ingledew PA, Kohli K, Golnaraghi F., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

Case studies recruited for testing the proposed method on cancerous subjects and their information

The performance of various classification methods on raw and processed data.

Keywords
Electrical Impedance (EI), electrical Impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Cole model, early cancer detection, fitting-model, LAD error function