Predictors for In-hospital Mortality in Pediatric Patients with Acute Myocarditis – a Retrospective Study

1. Kindermann I, Kindermann M, Kandolf R, et al. Predictors of Outcome in patients with suspected Myocarditis. Circulation. 2008;118:639-648. doi: 10.1161/circulationaha.108.769489.10.1161/circulationaha.108.76948918645053Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

2. Levine MC, Klugman D, Teach SJ. Update on myocarditis in children. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2010;22:278-283. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0b013e32833924d2.10.1097/MOP.0b013e32833924d220414115Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

3. Kindermann I, Barth C, Mahfoud F, et al. Update on myocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;59:779-792. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.09.074.10.1016/j.jacc.2011.09.07422361396Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

4. Dennert R, Crijns HJ, Heymans S. Acute viral myocarditis. Eur Heart J. 2008;29:2073-2082. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehn296.10.1093/eurheartj/ehn296251924918617482Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

5. Allan CK, Fulton DR. Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of myocarditis in children. Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-ofmyocarditis-in-children.Search in Google Scholar

6. Yajima T, Knowlton KU. Viral Myocarditis: From the Perspective of the Virus. Circulation. 2009;119:2615-2624. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.766022.10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.76602219451363Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

7. Uhl TL. Viral Myocarditis in Children. Crit Care Nurse. 2008;28:42-63.10.4037/ccn2008.28.1.42Search in Google Scholar

8. Vashist S, Singh GK. Acute Myocarditis in Children Current Concepts and Management. Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med. 2009;11:383-391.10.1007/s11936-009-0039-z19846036Search in Google Scholar

9. Caforio AL, Pankuweit S, Arbustini E, et al. Current state of knowledge on aetiology, diagnosis, management, and therapy of myocarditis: a position statement of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases. Eur Heart J. 2013;34:2636-2648. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht210.10.1093/eurheartj/eht21023824828Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

10. Canter CE, Simpson KE. Diagnosis and Treatment of Myocarditis in Children in the Current Era. Circulation. 2014;129:115-128. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.001372.10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.00137224396015Search in Google Scholar

11. Caforio AL, Mahon NJ, McKenna WJ. Cardiac autoantibodies to myosin and other heart-specific autoantigens in myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy. Autoimmunity. 2001;34:199-204. doi: 10.3109/08916930109007385.10.3109/0891693010900738511908778Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

12. Caforio AL, Vinci A, Iliceto S. Anti-heart autoantibodies in familial dilated cardiomyopathy. Autoimmunity. 2008;41:462-469. doi: 10.1080/08916930802031546.10.1080/08916930802031546Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

13. Rodriguez-Gonzalez M, Sanchez-Codez MI, Lubian-Gutierrez M, Castellano-Martinez A. Clinical presentation and early predictors for poor outcomes in pediatric myocarditis: A retrospective study. World J Clin Cases. 2019;7:548-561. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i5.548.10.12998/wjcc.v7.i5.548Search in Google Scholar

14. Messroghli DR, Pickardt T, Fischer M, et al. Toward evidence-based diagnosis of myocarditis in children and adolescents: Rationale, design, and first baseline data of MYKKE, a multicenter registry and study platform. Am Heart J. 2017;187:133-144. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2017.02.027.10.1016/j.ahj.2017.02.027Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

15. Caforio AL, Mahon NJ, Tona F, McKenna WJ. Circulating cardiac autoantibodies in dilated cardiomyopathy and myocarditis: pathogenetic and clinical significance. Eur J Heart Fail. 2002;4:411-417.10.1016/S1388-9842(02)00010-7Search in Google Scholar

16. Schultheiss HP, Kühl U, Cooper LT. The management of myocarditis. Eur J Heart. 2011;32:2616-2625. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr165.10.1093/eurheartj/ehr165Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

17. Shauer A, Gotsman I, Keren A, et al. Acute Viral Myocarditis: Current Concepts in Diagnosis and Treatment. Isr Med Assoc J. 2013;15:180-185.Search in Google Scholar

18. Bejiqi R, Retkoceri R, Maloku A, Mustafa A, Bejiqi H, Bejiqi R. The Diagnostic and Clinical Approach to Pediatric Myocarditis: A Review of the Current Literature. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2019;7:162-173. doi: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.010.10.3889/oamjms.2019.010Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

19. Friedrich GM, Sechtem U, Schulz-Menger J, et al. Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Myocarditis: A JACC White Paper. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53:1475-1487. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.02.007.10.1016/j.jacc.2009.02.007Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

20. Chow LH, Radio SJ, Sears TD, McManus BM. Insensitivity of Right Ventricular Endomyocardial Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Myocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1989;14:915-920. doi: 10.1016/0735-1097(89)90465-8.10.1016/0735-1097(89)90465-8Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

21. Cooper LT, Baughman KL, Feldman AM, et al. The Role of Endomyocardial Biopsy in the Management of Cardiovascular Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;50:1914-1931. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.09.008.10.1016/j.jacc.2007.09.00817980265Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

22. Kuhn B, Shapiro ED, Walls TA, Friedman AH. Predictors of outcome of myocarditis. Pediatric Cardiology. 2004;25:374-384. doi: 10.1007/s00246-003-0568-2.10.1007/s00246-003-0568-215085306Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

23. Caforio ALP, Marcolongo R, Basso C. Clinical presentation and diagnosis of myocarditis. Heart. 2015:101. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2014-306363.10.1136/heartjnl-2014-306363Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

24. Dominguez F, Kuhl U, Pieske B, Garcia-Pavia P, Tschope C. Update on Myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy: Reemergence of Endomyocardial Biopsy. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2016;69:178-187. doi: 10.1016/j.rec.2015.10.015.10.1016/j.rec.2015.10.015Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

25. AliBassiri H, Alizadehasl A, Sani ZA, et al. Transthoracic Echocardiography Versus Cardiac MRI in the Diagnosis of Acute Myocarditis. Arch Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015;3:e21211.10.5812/acvi.21211Search in Google Scholar

26. Imazio M, Cecchi E, Demichelis B, et al. Myopericarditis versus viral or idiopathic acute pericarditis. Heart. 2008;94:498-501. doi: 10.1136/hrt.2006.104067.10.1136/hrt.2006.104067Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

27. Sławek S, Araszkiewicz A, Gaczkowska A, et al. Endomyocardial biopsy via the femoral access - still safe and valuable diagnostic tool. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2016;16:222. doi: 10.1186/s12872-016-0406-0.10.1186/s12872-016-0406-0Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

28. Pophal SG, Sigfusson G, Booth KL, et al. Complications of endomyocardial biopsy in children. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;34:2105-2110. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(99)00452-0.10.1016/s0735-1097(99)00452-0Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

29. Fett JD. Diagnosis of viral cardiomyopathy by analysis of peripheral blood?. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2008;12:1073-1075. doi: 10.1517/14728222.12.9.1073.10.1517/14728222.12.9.107318694374Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

30. Kühl U, Pauschinger M, Seeberg B, et al. Viral persistence in the myocardium is associated with progressive cardiac dysfunction. Circulation. 2005;27. 112:1965-1970. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.548156.10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.54815616172268Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

31. Paz A, Potasman I. Mycoplasma-associated carditis. Case reports and review. Cardiology. 2002;97:83-88. doi: 10.1159/000057677.10.1159/00005767711978954Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

32. Defilippi A, Silvestri M, Tacchella A, et al. Epidemiology and clinical features of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children. Respir Med. 2008;102:1762-1768. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2008.06.022.10.1016/j.rmed.2008.06.02218703327Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

33. Lee KJ, McCrindle BW, Bohn DJ. Clinical outcomes of acute myocarditis in childhood. Heart. 1999;82:226-233. doi: 10.1136hrt.82.2.226.10.1136/hrt.82.2.226Search in Google Scholar

34. Amabile N, Fraisse A, Bouvenot J, Chetaille P, Ovaert C. Outcome of acute fulminant myocarditis in children. Heart. 2006;92:1269-1273. doi: 10.1136/hrt.2005.078402.10.1136/hrt.2005.078402Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

35. Durani Y, Giordano K, Goudie BW. Myocarditis and pericarditis in children. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2010;57:1281-1303. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2010.09.012.10.1016/j.pcl.2010.09.012Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

36. Morgera T, Di Lenarda A, Dreas L, et al. Electrocardiography of myocarditis revisited: clinical and prognostic significance of electrocardiographic changes. Am Heart J. 1992;124:455-467. doi: 10.1016/0002-8703(92)90613-z.10.1016/0002-8703(92)90613-zOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

37. Freedman SB, Haladyn JK, Floh A, Kirsh JA, Taylor G, Thull-Freedman J. Pediatric myocarditis: emergency department clinical findings and diagnostic evaluation. Pediatrics. 2007;120:1278-1285. doi: 10.1542/peds.2007-1073.10.1542/peds.2007-107318055677Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

38. Miyake CY, Teele SA, Chen BAL, et al. In-Hospital Arrhythmia Development and Outcomes in Pediatric Patients with Acute Myocarditis. Am J Cardiol. 2014;113:535-540. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2013.10.021.10.1016/j.amjcard.2013.10.02124332245Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

39. Wu HP, Lin MJ, Yang WC, Wu KH, Chen CY. Predictors of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support for Children with Acute Myocarditis. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:2510695. doi: 10.1155/2017/2510695.10.1155/2017/2510695544398828584814Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

40. Friedrich MG, Marcotte F. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Assessment of Myocarditis. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2013;6:833-839. doi: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.113.000416.10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.113.00041624046380Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

41. Kasner M, Sinning D, Escher F, et al. The utility of speckle tracking imaging in the diagnostic of acute myocarditis, as proven by endomyocardial biopsy. Int J Cardiol. 2013;168:3023-3024. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.04.016.10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.04.01623701925Open DOISearch in Google Scholar