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Dependent versus state-permeated capitalism: two basic options for emerging markets

   | Dec 31, 2018

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Figure 1

Corporate governance: foreign direct investment stock as share of gross domestic product [2016]. Source: UNCTAD World Investment Report 2016, Annex table 07.
Corporate governance: foreign direct investment stock as share of gross domestic product [2016]. Source: UNCTAD World Investment Report 2016, Annex table 07.

Figure 2

Corporate governance: levels of state control [2013]. Source: OECD, Product Market Regulation Database
Corporate governance: levels of state control [2013]. Source: OECD, Product Market Regulation Database

Figure 3

Corporate finance: state ownership of banks in percent (1999–2010). Source: Bertay, C.A. et. al. (2015): Bank ownership and credit ower the business cylce: Is lending by state less procyclical? In: Journal of Banking & Finance 50 (2015) 326-339.
Corporate finance: state ownership of banks in percent (1999–2010). Source: Bertay, C.A. et. al. (2015): Bank ownership and credit ower the business cylce: Is lending by state less procyclical? In: Journal of Banking & Finance 50 (2015) 326-339.

Figure 4

Industrial relations: nominal monthly average wages in US$ (2016). Source: International Labour Organization/Statistics and Database, ILO- Global Wage Report
Industrial relations: nominal monthly average wages in US$ (2016). Source: International Labour Organization/Statistics and Database, ILO- Global Wage Report

Figure 5

Industrial relations: levels of public social expenditure as percentage of GDP (2016). Source: OECD Social Expenditure database, UN Database on Social Investment in Latin America and the Caribbean, National Institution for Transforming India (NITI Aayog)
Industrial relations: levels of public social expenditure as percentage of GDP (2016). Source: OECD Social Expenditure database, UN Database on Social Investment in Latin America and the Caribbean, National Institution for Transforming India (NITI Aayog)

Figure 6

Innovation and training: public expenditures on research and development as a percentage of GDP. Source: World Bank Database
Innovation and training: public expenditures on research and development as a percentage of GDP. Source: World Bank Database

Figure 7

Domestic demand: regulation levels of national product markets (2013). Source: OECD Product Market Regulation Database
Domestic demand: regulation levels of national product markets (2013). Source: OECD Product Market Regulation Database

Figure 8

International economic integration: FDI regulatory restrictiveness index 2017. Source: OECD FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Database
International economic integration: FDI regulatory restrictiveness index 2017. Source: OECD FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Database

Figure 9

International economic integration: international reserves minus gold in months of imports. Source: World Bank Database
International economic integration: international reserves minus gold in months of imports. Source: World Bank Database