[
Bernauer, O.M., Tierney, S.M. and Cook, J.M. 2022. Efficiency and effectiveness of native bees and honey bees as pollinators of apples in New South Wales orchards. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 337: 108063. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2022.108063.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Brittain, W.H. 1935. Studies in bee activity during apple bloom. Journal of Economic. Entomology, 28: 553–59.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Burns, K.L. and Stanley, D.A. 2022. The importance and value of insect pollination to apples: a regional case study of key cultivars. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 331: 107911. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2022.107911.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Campbell, A., Wilby, A., Sutton, P. and Wäckers, F. 2017a. Getting more power from your flowers: Multi-functional flower strips enhance pollinators and pest control agents in apple orchards. Insects, 8: 101. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects8030101.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Campbell, A.J., Wilby, A., Sutton, P. and Wäckers, F.L. 2017b. Do sown flower strips boost wild pollinator abundance and pollination services in a spring-flowering crop? A case study from UK cider apple orchards. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 239: 20-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2017.01.005.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Campbell, A., Sutton, P., Wilby, A. and Wackers, F. 2013. Improving pest control and pollination services in cider apple orchards by means of ‘multi-functional’ flowering strips. Aspects of Applied Biology: Conference Proceedings: Environmental Management on Farmland, 118: 283–290.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Davidis, O. 1981. Elements of Pomology; Agricultural University of Athens: Athens, Greece (In Greek).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
European Union, Commission Regulation (EC) No. 1065/97 of 12 June 1997 supplementing the Annex to Regulation (EC) No. 1107/96 on the registration of geographical indications and designations of origin under the procedure laid down in Article 17 of Council Regulation (EEC) No. 2081/92. Available online: https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/01708409-532d-4e55-9f88-cb277630453f/language-en (accessed on 21 December 2022).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
FAO, 2022. FAOSTAT statistical database. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC (accessed 27 Dec. 2022).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Farcuh, M. 2023. Fruit harvest - determining apple fruit maturity and optimal harvest date. Penn State Extension. Available at: https://extension.psu.edu/fruit-harvest-determining-apple-fruit-maturity-and-optimal-harvest-date (Accessed: 02 January 2024).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Garantonakis, N., Varikou, K., Birouraki, A., Edwards, M., Kalliakaki, V. and Andrinopoulos, F. 2016. Comparing the pollination services of honey bees and wild bees in a watermelon field. Scientia Horticulturae, 204: 138-144.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Garratt, M.P.D., Breeze, T.D., Boreux, V., Fountain, M.T., McKerchar, M., Webber S.M., Coston, D.J., Jenner, N., Dean, R., Westbury, D.B., Biesmeijer, J.C. and Potts, S.G.2016. Apple pollination: Demand depends on variety and supply depends on pollinator identity. PLoS ONE 11(5): e0153889. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0153889.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Garratt, M.P.D., Breeze, T.D., Jenner, N., Polce, C., Biesmeijer, J.C. and Potts, S.G. 2014. Avoiding a bad apple: Insect pollination enhances fruit quality and economic value. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 184: 34-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2013.10.032.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Harker, F.R., Kupferman, E.M., Marin, A.B., Gunson, F.A. and Triggs, C.M. 2008. Eating quality standards for apples based on consumer preferences. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 50(1): 70-78. (doi: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2008.03.020).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Hatziieremia, V. 2021. Apples: Production of Delicious Pilafa Tripoleos (PDO) is expected to decrease by more than 30%. Agrotypos https://www.agrotypos.gr/kalliergeies/miloeidi/milameiomeni-pano-apo-30-anamenetai-i-paragogi-sta-mila-delicious-pilafa-pop (in Greek) (Accessed on 27 December 2023).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
https://peliti.gr/mila-delicious/ (accessed on 21 December 2022).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Hung, K.L.J., Fan, S.L., Strang, C.G., Park, M.G. and Thomson, J.D. 2023. Pollen carryover, pollinator movement, and spatial context impact the delivery of pollination services in apple orchards. Ecological Applications, e2917. https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2917.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Hünicken, P.L., Morales, C.L., García, N. and Garibaldi, L.A. 2020. Insect pollination, more than plant nutrition, determines yield quantity and quality in apple and pear. Neotropical Entomology, 49(4): 525-532. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-020-00763-0.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Jahed, K.R. and Hirst, P.M. 2017. Pollen tube growth and fruit set in apple. HortScience, 52:1054–1059. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI11511-16.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Jordaan, S.C. 2023. The impact of protective netting on reproductive bud development, flowering, fruit set and fruit quality in apple trees, MSc Thesis, Stellenbosch University, South Africa, 149 p.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kizos, T. and Vakoufaris, H. 2011. Alternative agri-food geographies? Geographic indications in greece. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie (Journal of Economic and Human Geography), 102: 220–235. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9663.2010.00612.x.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Leclercq, N., Marshall, L., Weekers, T., Basu, P., Benda, D., Bevk, D. and Vereecken, N.J. 2023. Global taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of bees in apple orchards. Science of The Total Environment, 901, 165933. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165933.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Leonhardt, S.D, Gallai, N., Garibaldi, L.A., Kuhlmann, M. and Klein, A.M. 2013. Economic gain, stability of pollination and bee diversity decrease from southern to northern Europe. Basic and Applied Ecology, 14: 461–471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2013.06.003.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Manja, K. and Aoun, M. 2019. The use of nets for tree fruit crops and their impact on the production: A review. Scientia Horticulturae, 246: 110-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.10.050.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
McGregor, S.E. 1976. Insect pollination of cultivated crop plants (No. 496). Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Meier, U., Bleiholder, H., Buhr, L., Feller, C., Hack, H., Heß, M., Lancashire, P.D., Schnock, U., Reinhold Stauß, R., van den Boom, T., Weber, E. and Zwerger, P. 2009. The BBCH system to coding the phenological growth stages of plants–history and publications. Journal für Kulturpflanzen, 61(2): 41-52.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Michener, C.D. 2007. The Bees of the World, 2nd ed. Johns Hopkins University Press: Baltimore, Maryland.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Mitropoulos, D., Lambrinos, G. 2005. Changes in firmness of apples affected by moisture loss during storage. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 80: 399–402. https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2005.11511954.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Mitropoulos, D. and Lambrinos, G. 2007. “Delicious Pilafa” apple density changes as a quality index of mass loss degradation during storage. Journal of Food Quality, 30: 527–537. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4557.2007.00140.x.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Nunes-Silva, P., Witter, S., da Rosa, J.M., Halinski, R., Schlemmer, L.M., Arioli, C. J. and Blochtein, B. 2020. Diversity of floral visitors in apple orchards: influence on fruit characteristics depends on apple cultivar. Neotropical Entomology, 49: 511-524. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-020-00762-1.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Osterman, J., Landaverde-González, P., Garratt, M.P.D., Gee, M., Mandelik, Y., Langowska, A., Miñarro, M., Cole, L.J., Eeraerts, M., Bevk, D., Avrech, O., Koltowski, Z., Trujillo-Elisea, F.I., Paxton, R.J., Boreux, V., Seymour, C.L. and Howlett, B.G. 2021. On-farm experiences shape farmer knowledge, perceptions of pollinators, and management practices. Global Ecology and Conservation, 32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01949.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Pardo, A. and Borges, P.A. 2020. Worldwide importance of insect pollination in apple orchards: A review. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 293: 106839. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2020.106839.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Park, M., Danforth, B., Losey, J., Agnello, A., Biddinger, D., Rajotte, E., Vaughan, M. and Goldenedz-Dollar, J. 2012. Wild Pollinators of Eastern Apple Orchards and How to Conserve Them; College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University: Ithaca, NY, USA. Available online: http://www.northeastipm.org/park2012 (Accessed on 27 December 2023).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ratto, F., Steward, P., Sait, S. M., Pryke, J.S., Gaigher, R., Samways, M.J. and Kunin, W. 2021. Proximity to natural habitat and flower plantings increases insect populations and pollination services in South African apple orchards. Journal of Applied Ecology, 58(11): 2540-2551. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13984.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Roquer-Beni, L., Arnan, X., Rodrigo, A. and Bosch, J. 2022. What makes a good pollinator? Relationship between pollinator traits and polli-nation effectiveness in apple flowers. Entomologia Generalis, 42(6). https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2022/1571.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Samnegård, U., Hambäck, P.A. and Smith, H.G. 2019. Pollination treatment affects fruit set and modifies marketable and storable fruit quality of commercial apples. Royal Society Open Science, 6(12). 190326. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190326.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Sheffield, C.S. 2014. Pollination, seed set and fruit quality in apple: studies with Osmia lignaria (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in the Annapolis Valley, Nova Scotia, Canada. Journal of Pollination Ecology, 12: 120-128. https://doi.org/10.26786/1920-7603(2014)11.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Thanopoulos, R., Chatzigeorgiou, T., Argyropoulou, K., Kostouros, N.M. and Bebeli, P.J. 2021. State of crop landraces in Arcadia (Greece) and in-situ conservation potential. Diversity, 13: 558. https://doi.org/10.3390/d13110558.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Thomson, J.D. and Goodell, K. 2001. Pollen removal and deposition by honeybee and bumblebee visitors to apple and almond flowers. Journal of Applied Ecology, 1032-1044.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Webber, S.M., Garratt, M.P., Lukac, M., Bailey, A.P., Huxley, T. and Potts, S.G. 2020. Quantifying crop pollinator-dependence and pollination deficits: The effects of experimental scale on yield and quality assessments. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 304: 107106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2020.107106.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Westerkamp, C. 1991. Honeybees are poor pollinators—why? Plant Systematics and Evolution, 177 (1-2): 71–75.
]Search in Google Scholar