<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><p>Research has shown that while humans around the world hold various emotions in common with one another – sadness, happiness, fear and anger – the expression of these emotions can look different depending on the culture. This article explores the different expressions of ‘struggle’ that arise when a person experiences ‘culture shock’ or ‘culture stress’ due to life in a cross-cultural context. The article argues that in the increasingly international context of higher education, urgent attention needs to be given to these different cultural expressions of struggle, in order to better understand students’ experiences and provide effective coping strategies. Richard Lewis's cultural model is developed for use in this context.</p></abstract>

Research has shown that while humans around the world hold various emotions in common with one another – sadness, happiness, fear and anger – the expression of these emotions can look different depending on the culture. This article explores the different expressions of ‘struggle’ that arise when a person experiences ‘culture shock’ or ‘culture stress’ due to life in a cross-cultural context. The article argues that in the increasingly international context of higher education, urgent attention needs to be given to these different cultural expressions of struggle, in order to better understand students’ experiences and provide effective coping strategies. Richard Lewis's cultural model is developed for use in this context.

‘Lifting the shell’: expressions of emotion and cross-cultural struggle in international students

Holiness

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Research has shown that while humans around the world hold various emotions in common with one another – sadness, happiness, fear and anger – the expression of...

‘Lifting the shell’: expressions of emotion and cross-cultural struggle in international students

Published Online: Jun 16, 2020

Page range: 313 - 336

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/holiness-2016-0007

Keywords
INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS, MENTAL HEALTH, STRUGGLE, CULTURES, EMOTIONS, CULTURE STRESS, COMMUNICATION

© 2016 Rebekah Callow, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1

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‘Lifting the shell’: expressions of emotion and cross-cultural struggle in international students

Published Online: Jun 16, 2020

Page range: 313 - 336

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/holiness-2016-0007

KeywordsINTERNATIONAL STUDENTS, MENTAL HEALTH, STRUGGLE, CULTURES, EMOTIONS, CULTURE STRESS, COMMUNICATION

© 2016 Rebekah Callow, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Keywords
INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS, MENTAL HEALTH, STRUGGLE, CULTURES, EMOTIONS, CULTURE STRESS, COMMUNICATION