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Efficacy of Miltefosine and Artemether on infected Biomphalaria alexandrina snails with Schistosoma mansoni: immunological and histological studies

H. H. Abdel-Azeem
H. H. Abdel-Azeem
, 
G. Y. Osman
G. Y. Osman
, 
M. F. El Garhy
M. F. El Garhy
 and 
K. S. Al Benasy
K. S. Al Benasy
   | Nov 19, 2020
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Article Category: Research Article
Published Online: Nov 19, 2020
Page range: 335 - 343
Received: May 08, 2020
Accepted: Jul 08, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2020-0037
Keywords
© 2020 H. H. Abdel-Azeem, G. Y. Osman, M. F. El Garhy, K. S. Al Benasy, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1

Effect of LC25 of the miltefosine and artemether drugs on hemocytes count adult B. alexandrina snails as compared with infected snails (controls)
Effect of LC25 of the miltefosine and artemether drugs on hemocytes count adult B. alexandrina snails as compared with infected snails (controls)

Fig.2

Effect of LC25 of the miltefosine and artemether drugs on % different hemocytes types in hemolymph of adult B. alexandrina snails as compared with infected snails (controls)
Effect of LC25 of the miltefosine and artemether drugs on % different hemocytes types in hemolymph of adult B. alexandrina snails as compared with infected snails (controls)

Plate 1

A). Normal round small (non-differentiated) cells B). Granulocyte and C). Hyalinocyte of B. alexandrina adult snails (×40). S: Round small cell, G: Granulocyte, C: Cytoplasm, DM: Double membrane, GR: Granules, N: Nucleus, (H): Hyalinocyte.
A). Normal round small (non-differentiated) cells B). Granulocyte and C). Hyalinocyte of B. alexandrina adult snails (×40). S: Round small cell, G: Granulocyte, C: Cytoplasm, DM: Double membrane, GR: Granules, N: Nucleus, (H): Hyalinocyte.

Plate 2

The morphological effect of miltefosine LC25 on different types of hemocytes in the haemolymph of treated-infected B. alexandrina snails. A): Round small non-differentiated cell, B): Granulocyte and C): Hyalinocyte (x40). S: Round small cell, G: Granulocyte, GR: Granules, N: Nucleus, (H): Hyalinocyte.
The morphological effect of miltefosine LC25 on different types of hemocytes in the haemolymph of treated-infected B. alexandrina snails. A): Round small non-differentiated cell, B): Granulocyte and C): Hyalinocyte (x40). S: Round small cell, G: Granulocyte, GR: Granules, N: Nucleus, (H): Hyalinocyte.

Plate 3

The morphological effect of artemether LC25 on different types of hemocytes in the haemolymph of treated B. alexandrina snails. A): Round small (non-differentiated), B): Granulocyte and C): Hyalinocyte (x40). S: Round small cell, G: Granulocyte, C: Cytoplasm, GR: Granules, N: Nucleus, (H): Hyalinocyte.
The morphological effect of artemether LC25 on different types of hemocytes in the haemolymph of treated B. alexandrina snails. A): Round small (non-differentiated), B): Granulocyte and C): Hyalinocyte (x40). S: Round small cell, G: Granulocyte, C: Cytoplasm, GR: Granules, N: Nucleus, (H): Hyalinocyte.

Plate 4

TEM micrographs showing normal cells of B. alexandrina snails, A). Round small non- differentiated cell, B). Granulocyte and C). Hyalinocyte. CH: chromatin, CM: cell membrane, CY: Cytoplasm, N: nucleus.
TEM micrographs showing normal cells of B. alexandrina snails, A). Round small non- differentiated cell, B). Granulocyte and C). Hyalinocyte. CH: chromatin, CM: cell membrane, CY: Cytoplasm, N: nucleus.

Plate 5

TEM micrographs showing the effect of miltefosine LC25 on hemocytes A). Round small (non- differentiated) cell, B). Granulocyte and C). Hyalinocyte of treated-infected B. alexandrina snails. CH: chromatin, CM: cell membrane, CY: Cytoplasm, GR: granules, N: nucleus, V: vacuole, PL: phagolysosome.
TEM micrographs showing the effect of miltefosine LC25 on hemocytes A). Round small (non- differentiated) cell, B). Granulocyte and C). Hyalinocyte of treated-infected B. alexandrina snails. CH: chromatin, CM: cell membrane, CY: Cytoplasm, GR: granules, N: nucleus, V: vacuole, PL: phagolysosome.

Plate 6

TEM micrographs showing the effect of LC25 artemether drug on hemocytes A). Round small (non- differentiated) cell, B). Granulocyte and C). Hyalinocyte of treated-infected B. alexandrina snails, CH: chromatin, CM: cell membrane, CY: cytoplasm, GR: granules, V: vacuole, N: nucleus, PL: phagolysosome, PP: pseudopodia.
TEM micrographs showing the effect of LC25 artemether drug on hemocytes A). Round small (non- differentiated) cell, B). Granulocyte and C). Hyalinocyte of treated-infected B. alexandrina snails, CH: chromatin, CM: cell membrane, CY: cytoplasm, GR: granules, V: vacuole, N: nucleus, PL: phagolysosome, PP: pseudopodia.

Molluscicidal activity of miltefosine and artemether against adult B. alexandrina snails (24 hours exposure).

Tested drug LC0 LC10 LC25 LC50 LC90 Slope
Ppm Ppm ppm ppm ppm
Miltefosine 1.38 3.16 8.20 13.80 24.40 1.60
Artemether 1.68 5.79 11.04 16.88 27.97 1.75
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