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Preliminary study on the prevalence of endoparasite infections and vector-borne diseases in outdoor dogs in Bulgaria

P. T. Iliev
P. T. Iliev
, 
Z. T. Kirkova
Z. T. Kirkova
 and 
A. S. Tonev
A. S. Tonev
   | May 23, 2020
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Article Category: Research Note
Published Online: May 23, 2020
Page range: 171 - 178
Received: Nov 22, 2019
Accepted: Dec 26, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2020-0016
Keywords
© 2020 P. T. Iliev, Z. T. Kirkova, A. S. Tonev, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Cases of mixed infections in dogs (n=172)

CombinationsPositive (%)95% CIs
Ancylostoma/Uncinaria spp. + Anaplasma sp.2 (1.2)0 – 2.8
Ancylostoma/Uncinaria spp. + D. immitis5 (2.9)0.4 – 5.4
Ancylostoma/Uncinaria spp. + Ehrlichia sp.2 (1.2)0 – 2.8
D. immitis + Ehrlichia sp.1 (0.6)0 – 1.7
Capillaria sp. + Ancylostoma/Uncinaria spp.7 (4.1)1.1 – 7.0
Ancylostoma/Uncinaria spp. + Cystoisospora sp.2 (2.1)0 – 2.8
Ancylostoma/Uncinaria spp. + Sarcocystis sp.1 (0.6)0 – 1.7
Cystoisospora sp. + Ehrlichia sp.1 (0.6)0 – 1.7
T. vulpis + Ancylostoma/Uncinaria spp.5 (2.9)0.4 – 5.4
D. immitis + T. vulpis1 (0.6)0 – 1.7
T. vulpis + Anaplasma sp.1 (0.6)0 – 1.7
D. repens + Ancylostoma/Uncinaria spp.4 (2.3)0.1 – 4.6
T. canis + Ancylostoma/Uncinaria spp.1 (0.6)0 – 1.7
Ancylostoma/Uncinaria spp. + T. leonina1 (0.6)0 – 1.7
L. serrata + Ancylostoma/Uncinaria spp.1 (0.6)0 – 1.7
T. vulpis + Capillaria sp. + Ehrlichia sp.2 (1.2)0 – 2.8
D. immitis + Anaplasma sp. + Ehrlichia sp.1 (0.6)0 – 1.7
D. immitis + Ancylostoma/Uncinaria spp. + Ehrlichia sp.1 (0.6)0 – 1.7
D. immitis + T. vulpis + Ancylostoma/Uncinaria spp.2 (1.2)0 – 2.8
Ancylostoma/Uncinaria spp. + Anaplasma sp. + Ehrlichia sp.2 (1.2)0 – 2.8
D. immitis + Capillaria sp. + Ancylostoma/Uncinaria spp.1 (0.6)0 – 1.7
Cystoisospora sp. + Ancylostoma/Uncinaria spp. + Sarcocystis sp.1 (0.6)0 – 1.7
D. immitis + Ancylostoma/Uncinaria spp. + Sarcocystis sp.1 (0.6)0 – 1.7
T. canis + Ancylostoma/Uncinaria spp. + Sarcocystis sp.1 (0.6)0 – 1.7
T. vulpis + Capillaria sp. + Ancylostoma/Uncinaria spp.3 (1.7)0 – 3.7
Capillaria sp. + Ancylostoma/Uncinaria spp. + Anaplasma sp.1 (0.6)0 – 1.7
D. repens + Capillaria sp. + Ancylostoma/Uncinaria spp.1 (0.6)0 – 1.7
T. vulpis + Ancylostoma/Uncinaria spp. + Anaplasma sp.3 (1.7)0 – 3.7
D. immitis + T .canis + Ancylostoma/Uncinaria spp. + Anaplasma sp.1 (0.6)0 – 1.7
B. burgdorferi + Anaplasma sp. + Ehrlichia sp.1 (0.6)0 – 1.7
D. immitis + D. repens + Ancylostoma/Uncinaria spp. + Ehrlichia sp.1 (0.6)0 – 1.7
Ancylostoma/Uncinaria spp. + Taenia sp. + Anaplasma sp. + Ehrlichia sp.1 (0.6)0 – 1.7
D. repens + B. burgdorferi + Capillaria sp. + Ancylostoma/Uncinaria spp.1 (0.6)0 – 1.7
D. repens + T. vulpis + Capillaria sp. + Ancylostoma/Uncinaria spp.1 (0.6)0 – 1.7
T. vulpis + Capillaria sp. + Ancylostoma/Uncinaria spp. + Taenia sp. + Ehrlichia sp.1 (0.6)0 – 1.7
T. vulpis + T. canis + Ancylostoma/Uncinaria spp. + Anaplasma sp. + Ehrlichia sp.1 (0.6)0 – 1.7
T. canis + Ancylostoma/Uncinaria spp. + Cystoisospora sp. + Anaplasma sp. + Ehrlichia sp.1 (0.6)0 – 1.7
T. canis + Ancylostoma/Uncinaria spp. + T. leonina + Anaplasma sp. + Ehrlichia sp.1 (0.6)0 – 1.7
D. immitis + Capillaria sp. + Ancylostoma/Uncinaria spp. + Cystoisospora sp. + Anaplasma sp.1 (0.6)0 – 1.7

Overall prevalence (%) of the pathogens in dogs (n=172)

SpeciesSouthern Bulgaria (n=124)Northern Bulgaria (n=48)Total (n=172)Test applied
Positive (%)Positive (%)95% CIs
D. repens4 (3.2)6 (12.5)10 (5.8)2.3 - 9.3Knott’s test
D. immitis14 (11.3)4 (8.3)18 (10.5)5.9 – 15.0Serology
A. vasorum1 (0.8)-1 (0.6)0 – 1.7
T. vulpis14 (11.3)12 (25.0)26 (15.1)9.8 – 20.5
Capillaria sp.10 (8.1)9 (18.8)19 (11.0)6.4 – 15.7
T. canis9 (7.3)2 (4.2)11 (6.4)2.7 – 10.1
Ancylostoma/Uncinaria spp.57 (46.0)36 (75.0)93 (54.1)46.6 – 61.5Flotation
T. leonina1 (0.8)2 (4.2)3 (1.7)0 – 3.7
Taenia sp.1 (0.8)1 (2.1)2 (1.2)0 – 2.8
L. serrata-1 (2.1)1 (0.6)0 – 1.7Sedimentation
Cystoisospora sp.6 (4.8)1 (2.1)7 (4.1)1.1 – 7.0Flotation
Sarcocystis sp.4 (3.2)-4 (2.3)0.1 – 4.6
Anaplasma sp.16 (12.9)7 (14.6)23 (13.4)8.3 – 18.5
Ehrlichia sp.22 (17.7)1 (2.1)23 (13.4)8.3 – 18.5Serology
B. burgdorferi2 (1.6)1 (2.1)3 (1.7)0 – 3.7

Cases of single infection in dogs (n=172).

SpeciesPositive (%)95% CIs
D. immitis2 (1.2)0 – 2.8
Ehrlichia sp.6 (3.5)0.7 – 6.2
T. vulpis6 (3.5)0.7 – 6.2
T. canis5 (2.9)0.4 – 5.4
Ancylostoma/Uncinaria spp.35 (20.3)14.3 – 26.4
Anaplasma sp.6 (3.5)0.7 – 6.2
D. repens2 (1.2)0 – 2.8
Cystoisospora sp.1 (0.6)0 – 1.7
A. vasorum1 (0.6)0 – 1.7
T. leonina1 (0.6)0 – 1.7
B. burgdorferi1 (0.6)0 – 1.7
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