The effect of soil type and ecosystems on the soil nematode and microbial communities

M. Renčo; E. Gömöryová; A. Čerevková

Open Access

The effect of soil type and ecosystems on the soil nematode and microbial communities

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| May 23, 2020

Volume 57 (2020): Issue 2 (June 2020)

About this article

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Page range: 129 - 144

Received: Jul 11, 2019

Accepted: Feb 21, 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2020-0014

Keywords
soil trophic web, indicators, soil properties, nematodes, microbes, multivariate analysis

© 2020 M. Renčo, E. Gömöryová, A. Čerevková, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

RDA triplots of the relationships of abundance of nematode functional guilds, microbial parameters, and soil properties in the forest (A), agricultural field (B), and meadow (C) ecosystems and the Stagnosol (SS), Cambisol (CC), and Chernozem (CM) soil types.

Effects of ecosystem type (E), type of soil (S), sampling date (D), and their interactions on nematode abundance, functional guilds and microbial communities.

	Ecosystem		Soil		Date		E × S		E x D		S :D x		Ecosystem			Soil			Date			E × S × D
	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	Meadow	Agricultural field	Forest	Stagnosol	Cambisol	Chernozem	May	July	Sept	F	P
Nabund	2.36	ns	92.49	< 0.01	15.04	< 0.01	37.97	< 0.01	5.57	< 0.01	1.63	ns	479.8±119.8	540.1±322.5	451.8±169.5	351.6±150.1	435.8±104.9	671.3±260.3	549.2±276.3	418.1±165.9	504.1±201.8	1.59	ns
Nspec	5.69	< 0.01	4.87	<0.01	0.88	ns	12.45	< 0.01	1.98	ns	2.98	ns	33.2±5.7	25.2±6.2	37.1±4.1	24.1±5.8	32.5±6.3	38.5±7.5	33.0±7.7	29.0±11	31.7±8.4	1.12	ns
Ba1	6.19	< 0.01	85.42	<0.01	1.24	ns	21.63	< 0.01	1.78	ns	1.76	ns	10.9±11.1	38.6±43.9	22.18±21.8	4.2±5.8	41.9±41.6	25.6±20.7	22.6±30.4	21.1±25.6	28.1±36.3	0.97	ns
Ba2	5.49	< 0.01	12.36	<0.01	11.48	< 0.01	35.72	< 0.01	6.11	< 0.01	2.44	ns	159.4±80.3	181.8±118.6	190.8±84.5	145.8±87.3	150.3±52.0	214.6±122.0	207.8±117.8	147.2±75.4	165.8±81.2	1.70	ns
Ba3	39.96	< 0.01	117.06	<0.01	2.9	ns	29.93	< 0.01	1.24	ns	3.98	ns	2.3±5.0	0.0±0.0	3.1±5.5	0.0±0.0	0.2±0.7	5.11±6.5	1.0±2.6	2.9±6.4	1.4±3.3	2.12	ns
Ba4	5.82	< 0.01	28.8	<0.01	0.07	ns	1.9	ns	0.69	ns	0.77	ns	3.7±7.2	1.5±3.6	2.9±4.0	0.9±1.6	0.6±1.3	6.6±7.5	2.9±6.3	2.5±4.8	2.7±4.7	0.83	ns
Ca3	15.89	< 0.01	24.98	<0.01	0.67	ns	7.47	< 0.01	0.47	ns	0.27	ns	1.0±1.7	0.0±0.0	0.6±1.2	0.0 ±0.0	0.3±0.9	1.3±1.8	0.4±1.2	0.6±1.4	0.5±1.3	0.22	ns
Ca4	45.67	< 0.01	63.63	<0.01	0.08	ns	31.3	< 0.01	0.23	ns	0.14	ns	3.9±3.9	1.8±3.5	10.4±9.7	1.0±2.2	7.0±7.6	8.1±8.4	5.1±6.8	5.8±8.3	5.2±6.9	0.80	ns
Ca5	11.63	< 0.01	11.63	<0.01	1.22	ns	11.63	< 0.01	1.22	ns	1.22	ns	0.0±0.0	0.6±1.6	0.0±0.0	0.6±1.6	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.2±0.9	0.3±1.3	0.1 ±0.4	1.22	ns
Fu2	7.03	< 0.01	50.64	<0.01	3.42	< 0.05	30.43	< 0.01	6.69	< 0.01	1.42	ns	97.8±34.7	155.6±156.7	87.5±52.6	68.1±38.5	90.1±40.4	182.7±143.5	122.4±127.5	92.2±126.2	126.2±104.5	1.42	ns
Fu3	4.06	< 0.05	4.06	<0.05	0.79	ns	7.88	< 0.01	0.57	ns	0.57	ns	1.4±4.5	0.0±0.0	0.3±1.2	0.3±1.2	0.0±0.0	1.4±4.5	0.5±0.3	0.5±1.2	0.8±2.7	0.68	ns
Fu4	29.26	< 0.01	18.65	< 0.01	0.18	ns	14.74	< 0.01	1.20	ns	0.90	ns	3.7±4.9	0.0±0.0	5.3±9.3	1.9±4.4	0.9±2.2	6.2±9.2	3.6±8.3	2.8±5.4	2.5±5.3	0.89	ns
Om4	4.24	< 0.05	43.16	< 0.01	2.41	ns	10.80	< 0.01	0.62	ns	1.13	ns	31.2±29.8	21.7±19.0	41.0±37.0	16.0±16.8	35.8±22.2	52.1 ±35.1	41.5±37.2	33.2±25.2	29.3±24.0	0.55	ns
Om5	5.32	< 0.05	22.74	< 0.01	0.94	ns	4.84	< 0.01	0.65	ns	2.36	ns	19.8±7.4	8.7±12.1	15.4±13.2	8.2±9.1	8.6±5.3	20.1±13.7	12.8±10.3	12.5±14.2	11.7±9.1	1.87	ns
Pp2	19.66	< 0.01	1.02	ns	6.47	< 0.01	9.28	< 0.01	1.03	ns	2.55	ns	62.4±42.9	54.8±47.0	25.3±20.1	46.7±46.9	43.3±29.1	52.4±46.3	49.4±33.9	33.0±27.5	59.9±54.4	2.55	ns
Pp3	27.71	< 0.01	24.21	< 0.01	0.11	ns	14.19	< 0.01	0.75	ns	5.04	< 0.01	74.9±43.3	57.8±39.2	28.1±24.5	36.6±36.2	49.2±30.5	74.7±46.3	58.4±46.8	49.1±34.6	52.9±41.5	2.38	ns
Pp5	3.46	< 0.05	3.78	<0.05	0.59	ns	7.78	< 0.01	0.37	ns	0.37	ns	0.27±0.95	0.0±0.0	0.5±1.3	0.3±0.9	0.0±0.0	0.5±1.3	0.4±1.2	0.2±0.8	0.2±0.8	0.48	ns
Cmic	175.55	< 0.01	295.91	<0.01	2.84	ns	5.02	< 0.01	0.69	ns	2.64	<0.05	335.2±118.3	207.9±91.5	400.1±145.5	183.0±65.9	325.9±119.4	434.4±109.2	316.0±129.1	300.4±143.4	326.8±157.8	19.0	ns
Richn	3.60	< 0.05	50.90	<0.01	11.28	< 0.01	1.88	ns	0.68	ns	14.01	< 0.01	26.2±2.39	25.5±1.86	26.5±2.93	24.2±2.3	26.8±1.96	27.2±1.9	25.8±1.8	26.9±1.9	25.5±3.2	3.19	< 0.01
Diver	3.15	<0.05	53.52	<0.01	0.69	ns	1.96	ns	2.24	ns	4.69	< 0.01	14.51±2.6	13.85±2.4	14.9±3.0	12.1 ±2.9	15.6±2.3	15.6±2.4	14.2±2.1	14.7±2.7	14.5±3.2	34.2	< 0.01
E: meadow, agriculture and forest; S: Stagnosol, Cambisol and Chernozem; D: May, July, and September

Effects of ecosystem type (E), type of soil (S), sampling date (D), and their interactions on nematode trophic-web descriptors.

	Ecosystem		Soil		Date		E × S		E × D		S × D		Ecosystem			Soil			Date			E × S × D
	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	Meadow	Agricultural field	Forest	Stagnosol	Cambisol	Chernozem	May	July	Sept	F	P
MI	18.86	< 0.01	21.28	<0.01	5.56	< 0.01	44.11	< 0.01	4.22	< 0.01	2.04	<0.05	2.32±0.19	2.21±0.23	2.37±0.23	2.25±0.20	2.24±0.23	2.41±0.23	2.33±0.25	2.32±0.24	2.24±0.19	1.83	<0.05
ΣMI	11.34	< 0.01	25.74	< 0.01	3.89	< 0.05	28.66	< 0.01	2.27	ns	0.95	ns	2.38±0.17	2.28±0.16	2.39±0.21	2.28±0.15	2.30±0.15	2.45±0.20	2.35±0.22	2.38±0.18	2.31 ±0.16	1.46	ns
PPI	0.70	ns	16.05	< 0.01	7.03	< 0.01	8.30	< 0.01	2.24	ns	6.25	< 0.01	2.5±0.20	2.53±0.22	2.51±0.26	2.43±0.24	2.53±0.20	2.62±0.20	2.59±0.23	2.60±0.21	2.38±0.22	6.41	< 0.01
H'	125.08	< 0.01	87.76	< 0.01	0.73	ns	22.99	< 0.01	0.99	ns	2.50	<0.05	2.91 ±0.22	2.60±0.15	3.02±0.29	2.64±0.18	2.88±0.25	3.01±0.30	2.82±0.26	2.85±0.28	2.86±0.33	2.67	<0.05
EI	4.52	< 0.05	9.05	< 0.01	1.46	ns	14.80	< 0.01	0.76	ns	2.32	ns	41.3±9.9	46.7±12.4	46.2±11.3	38.9±5.6	47.8±14.8	47.1±10.5	42.3±9.4	46.3±13.2	45.3±11.8	4.70	< 0.01
SI	4.53	< 0.05	61.88	< 0.01	1.78	ns	25.55	< 0.01	6.20	< 0.01	3.60	<0.01	44.3±18.4	41.0±13.3	49.2±18.4	30.7±12.1	50.5±10.8	53.2±18.2	44.5±19.4	47.1±16.5	42.9±15.7	2.06	<0.05
CI	53.82	< 0.01	61.48	< 0.01	0.11	ns	182.05	< 0.01	13.74	<0.01	3.14	<0.05	68.5±16.8	57.9±30.1	52.7±16.3	64.4±18.9	52.7±28.8	61.9±18.4	60.1±23.8	61.6±24.9	57.5±20.3	15.57	<0.01
NCR	7.77	< 0.01	34.25	< 0.01	5.17	< 0.01	42.19	<0.01	6.01	<0.01	1.88	ns	0.65±0.12	0.63±0.16	0.69±0.13	0.69±0.14	0.70±0.12	0.57±0.12	0.69±0.12	0.65±0.13	0.64±0.16	4.02	< 0.01
TD	19.17	< 0.01	15.09	< 0.01	0.009	ns	16.81	<0.01	1.75	ns	1.15	ns	12.2±2.4	10.5±4.2	14.7±2.1	10.5±3.2	13.2±1.9	13.7±2.4	12.3±0.8	12.5±0.7	12.9±0.7	1.34	ns

Mean abundance of nematode species (100 g of dry soil) in the three ecosystems (forest (FOR), meadow (MEA), and agricultural field (AGR)) and types of soil (Stagnosol (SS), Cambisol (CS), and Chernozem (CM)) (n=45). Bold figures indicate dominance >2 but <5%, and bold and underlined figures indicate dominance >5%.

	Ecosystem				Soil

Taxon	TG/FG	FOR	MEA	AGR	SS	CS	CM
Mesorhabditis spp. juvs	Ba1	13.5	0.6	13.4		17.4	10.1
Panagrolaimus rigidus	Ba1	2.0	6.1	7.2	1.3	5.8	8.2
Rhabditis spp. juvs	Ba1	6.7	4.3	18.1	2.9	18.7	7.4
Acrobeles ciliatus	Ba2	20.3	2.8	0.4			23.4
Acrobeloides buetschlii	Ba2		0.4		0.4
Acrobeloides nanus	Ba2	43.0	40.9	30.1	30.2	45.1	38.2
Acrobelophis minimus	Ba2	0.6				0.6
Acrolobus emarginatus	Ba2			0.1	0.1
Anaplectus granulosus	Ba2	2.5	5.1	2.7	2.4	1.9	7.2
Cervidellus cervus	Ba2	0.1				0.1
Cervidellus vexiliger	Ba2	5.8	2.7			0.6	8.4
Cephalobus persegnis	Ba2	17.7	14.3	22.7	24.4	27.6	11.5
Ereptonema arcticum	Ba2	1.9					1.9
Eucephalobus mucronatus	Ba2		2.9		1.3		1.6
Eucephalobus oxyuroides	Ba2	12.6	13.5	17.5	22.1	7.7	13.9
Eucephalobus striatus	Ba2	7.2	3.3	44.8	13.5	5.1	39.4
Eumonhystera dispar	Ba2	1.0					1.0
Eumonystera filiformis	Ba2	1.7				2.4
Geomonhystera villosa	Ba2	1.0			1.0
Heterocephalobus elongatus	Ba2	8.6	4.0	9.7	10.2	9.9	2.2
Heterocephalobus eurystoma (N)	Ba2		0.7				0.7
Chiloplacus demani	Ba2	7.4			5.8		1.6
Chiloplacus propinquus	Ba2	18.2	22.6	23.8	21.6	12.2	30.8
Chiloplacus symmetricus	Ba2		1.0			1.0
Plectus acuminatus	Ba2	1.1		8.1	0.9	5.6	2.6
Plectus cirratus	Ba2	7.3	3.1		3.9	4.3	2.1
Plectus communis	Ba2	3.1			3.1
Plectus longicaudatus	Ba2	3.8				2.0	1.8
Plectus parietinus	Ba2	6.3	9.9	7.6	7.0	4.4	12.4
Plectus parvus	Ba2	10.9	15.0		15.5	4.6	5.8
Plectus rhizophilus	Ba2	0.9				0.9
Plectus silvaticus	Ba2	1.3					1.3
Seleborca complexa	Ba2		0.7				0.7
Stegelletina leopolitensis (N)	Ba2		0.1	3.2	0.9		2.4
Wilsonema schuurmansstekhoveni	Ba2	6.5	1.7		1.8	3.6	2.9
Aulolaimus oxycephalus	Ba3		1.1				1.1
Bastiania gracilis	Ba3		0.2
Prismatolaimus intermedius	Ba3	2.3	1.2				3.5
Teratocephalus lirellus	Ba3	0.1					0.1
Teratocephalus terrestris	Ba3	0.7				0.2	0.5
Alaimus parvus	Ba4	0.6			0.6
Alaimus primitivus	Ba4	2.2	3.7	1.3	0.4	0.5	6.3
Amphidelus coronatus	Ba4			0.2			0.2
Amphidelus elegans	Ba4	0.2	0.1			0.2	0.1
Tripyla affinis	Ca3	0.6	0.8				1.4
Trischistoma monohystera	Ca3		0.3			0.3
Clarkus papillatus	Ca4	2.6	1.8	0.8		2.3	3.0
Coomansus parvus	Ca4	1.3		0.1		1.3	0.1
Coomanus zschokkei	Ca4	0.7				0.7
Ironus macramphis	Ca4	0.4				0.4
Mylonchulus brachyuris	Ca4	3.2	1.7	0.9	1.0	2.4	2.5
Prionchulus muscorum	Ca4	2.5					2.5
Paravulus hartingii	Ca5			0.6	0.6
Aphelenchoides bicaudatus	Fu2	0.3	0.1			0.1	0.3
Aphelenchoides composticola	Fu2	9.7	11.0	0.9	7.4	5.3	8.9
Aphelenchoides limberi	Fu2			1.4	0.2		1.2
Aphelenchoides parietinus	Fu2	5.5	7.4	14.8	3.2	3.0	21.6
Aphelenchoides saprophilus	Fu2	1.1	1.3		1.0	0.1	1.3
Aphelenchus avenae	Fu2	22.8	39.5	82.4	21.2	35.6	88.0
Ditylenchus dipsaci	Fu2	0.6		0.5			1.1
Ditylenchus intermedius	Fu2	3.6		15.7*	8.3	4.7	6.3
Ditylenchus longicauda	Fu2		1.1			0.7	0.4
Ditylenchus longimetricalis	Fu2	2.7				1.0	1.7
Ditylenchus myceliophagus	Fu2	1.7	0.7		0.6		1.7
Ditylenchus parvus (N)	Fu2		1.2		1.2
Ditylenchus tenuidens (N)	Fu2	0.8			0.8
Ditylenchus sp.	Fu2		1.7		1.7
Filenchus discrepans	Fu2	2.6				2.6
Filenchus misellus	Fu2	1.0				1.0
Filenchus polyhypnus	Fu2	7.2					7.2
Filenchus thornei	Fu2	3.3	2.1		2.1	3.3
Filenchus vulgaris	Fu2	8.1	19.1	32.2	17.6	13.7	35.2
Hexatylus viviparus	Fu2	0.5				0.5
Nothotylenchus acris	Fu2			0.7			0.7
Paraphelenchus obscurus (N)	Fu2			4.6			4.6
Paraphelenchus pseudoparietinus	Fu2	1.5	1.8	0.8		2.1	2.1
Diphtherophora communis	Fu3	0.3	1.4		0.3		1.4
Tylencholaimus mirablis	Fu4	0.7	0.9				1.6
Tylencholaimus stecki	Fu4	4.3	2.8		1.9	0.9
Tylencholaimus teres	Fu4	0.3					0.3
Aporcelaimus superbus	Om4	0.4					0.4
Campydora demonstrans	Om4		0.2				0.2
Crassolabium ettersbergense	Om4	2.4	1.0			1.4	2.0
Dorydorella bryophila	Om4	3.7	6.7				10.4
Dorylaimoides micoletzkyi	Om4	1.4	2.4		1.7	1.3	0.8
Ecumenicus monohystera	Om4	0.2	0.4	2.4		0.2	2.8
Eudorylaimus carteri	Om4	3.9	19.5	9.2	10.8	10.5	11.3
Eudorylaimus leuckarti	Om4	9.9	2.3	2.5	1.5	2.7	10.5
Eudorylaimus iners	Om4	3.4				3.4
Eudorylaimus opistohystera	Om4	2.9	2.1	1.4		2.3	4.1
Eudorylaimus spp. juvs	Om4	7.5	3.1	3.3	2.1	6.5	5.3
Mesodorylaimus meyli	Om4	2.0				2.0
Microdorylaimus parvus	Om4	2.8	0.2	2.4		5.6	0.2
Pungentus silvestris	Om4	0.7	3.5				4.2
Aporcelaimellus obtusicaudatus	Om5	7.8	2.2	6.8	2.3	4.7	11.6
Axonchium propinquum	Om5		0.1		0.1
Discolaimus major	Om5	0.9					0.9
Discolaimus texanus	Om5			0.5			0.5
Epidorylaimus agilis	Om5	0.4				0.4
Mesodorylaimus bastiani	Om5	2.6	2.9	2.1	4.8	0.6	2.1
Metaxonchium coronatum	Om5		0.6				0.6
Nygolaimus brachyuris	Om5		1.1			0.3	0.8
Oxydirus oxycephalus	Om5	2.5	2.1	1.7	0.6	2.0	2.6
Paraxonchium laetificans	Om5	0.6	0.1	0.5			1.2
Prodorylaimus acris	Om5	0.6	0.4		0.4	0.6
Aglenchus agricola	Pp2	1.9	6.4	32.9	10.3	4.8	28.7
Basiria gracilis	Pp2	0.7				0.7
Basiria similis	Pp2		0.6		0.3		0.3
Basiria tumida	Pp2	2.0			1.8		0.2
Boleodorus thylactus	Pp2	0.5	24.8	6.8	21.3	6.6	4.0
Boleodorus volutus (N)	Pp2	0.4	0.4				0.8
Cephalenchus intermedius (N)	Pp2		0.2		0.2
Coslenchus andrássyi (N)	Pp2		0.7			0.7
Coslenchus costatus	Pp2	1.8	1.9				3.7
Ecphyadophora tenuissima (N)	Pp2	0.4					0.4
Malenchus acarayensis	Pp2	9.1			7.6	4.4
Malenchus bryophilus	Pp2	12.4	2.2			14.6
Malenchus exiguus	Pp2	2.6	10.1	2.7		1.0	6.8
Malenchus gratiosus	Pp2	0.9					0.9
Neopsilenchus magnidens	Pp2		0.5		0.5
Tylenchus davainei	Pp2	4.6	5.4	1.6	2.7	2.9	5.9
Paratylenchus bukowinensis	Pp2			15.8		11.5	4.3
Paratylenchus microdorus	Pp2		10.9		3.5	6.4	1.0
Paratylenchus projectus	Pp2	3.4				3.4
Psilenchus hilarulus	Pp2		2.0	0.9		2.6	0.2
Amplimerlinius macrurus	Pp3	0.7	14.8		14.3		0.7
Bitylenchus dubius	Pp3		10.8	12.8	4.1	19.5
Bitylenchus maximus	Pp3		2.2			1.7	0.5
Geocenamus brevidens	Pp3	7.1	5.2		6.5		1.7
Geocenamus microdorus	Pp3		21.0				21.0
Geocenamus nanus	Po3			8.8		8.8	5.0
Helicotylenchus canadensis	Pp3	3.8	1.3			5.1
Helicotylenhus digonicus	Pp3	11.0	0.6			3.3	8.4
Helicotylencus dihystera	Pp3			10.2			10.2
Heterodera mani juvs	Pp3		1.2		1.2
Heterodera avenae juvs	Pp3		0.3	0.6		0.9
Meloidogyne hapla	Pp3		1.1			1.1
Nagelus obscurus	Pp3		1.1				1.1
Pratylenchoides crenicauda	Pp3	0.8	0.5				1.3
Pratylenchus crenatus	Pp3			1.3		0.7	0.6
Pratylenchus penetrans	Pp3	4.6		9.7		7.5	9.7
Pratylenchus pratensis	Pp3		9.1	7.4	6.3	0.6	6.8
Tylenchorhynchus bicaudatus	Pp3	0.1					0.1
Tylenchorhynchus cylindricus	Pp3			2.3			2.3
Longidorus elongatus	Pp5		0.3		0.3
Longidorus intermedius	Pp5	0.5					0.5
Total number of species		99	90	53	60	81	102

Effects of ecosystem type (E), type of soil (S), sampling date (D), and their interactions on basic soil physical and chemical characteristics.

	Ecosystem		Soil		Date		E × S		E × D		S × D		Ecosystem			Soil			Date			E × S × D
	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	F	P	Meadow	Agricultural field	Forest	Stagnosol	Cambisol	Chernozem	May	July	Sept	F	P
pH/H₂O	28.91	< 0.01	598.43	< 0.01	2.95	ns	80.12	<0.01	2.63	<0.05	2.05	ns	5.88±0.78	5.79±0.75	5.54±1.08	4.82±0.61	5.71±0.41	6.68±0.32	5.68±0.88	5.71±0.87	5.81 ±0.92	1.08	ns
SM	60.14	< 0.01	0.99	ns	131.43	< 0.01	2.72	< 0.05	5.39	< 0.01	33.88	ns	26.33±7.28	22.14±5.14	30.78±8.64	26.15±8.96	26.93±8.85	26.15±5.75	26.68±8.04	20.52±5.47	32.10±5.3	2.53	<0.05
N	156.52	< 0.01	122.56	< 0.01	0.15	ns	11.22	< 0.01	0.29	ns	2.60	ns	0.377±0.10	0.205±0.07	0.395±0.13	0.244±0.06	0.300±0.09	0.434±0.15	0.326±0.12	0.321±0.12	0.331±0.16	1.36	ns
C	275.46	< 0.01	140.58	< 0.01	0.08	ns	6.33	< 0.01	0.41	ns	1.89	ns	3.588±1.05	1.955±0.85	4.395±1.28	2.429±0.84	3.127±1.321	4.382±1.48	3.298±1.38	3.271±1.40	3.369±1.64	1.87	ns
S	32.62	< 0.01	51.84	< 0.01	2.11	ns	10.39	< 0.01	4.79	< 0.01	3.75	ns	0.071±0.02	0.048±0.01	0.070±0.02	0.049±0.02	0.060±0.01	0.082±0.02	0.067±0.03	0.060±0.18	0.063±0.02	2.71	<0.01
C/N	171.64	< 0.01	7.51	< 0.01	1.81	ns	49.09	< 0.01	1.86	ns	1.21	ns	9.49±0.54	9.35±0.98	11.28±1.06	9.86±1.70	10.08±1.21	10.18±0.56	9.95±1.32	10.04±1.24	10.14±1.16	1.80	ns

Soil type, location, ecosystem type, and vegetation characteristics of the study plots.

Soil type	Location/characteristics	Ecosystem	Vegetation
	Hanušovce nad Topľou Altitude 258 – 308 m a.s.l., slope 3 – 7°	Forest 49°00.339′N, 21°31.248′E	Carpinus betulus (90 %), Pinus sylvestris (5 %), sporadically Prunus avium, Fagus sylvatica, and Betula pendula. Understory vegetation dominated by grasses Carex pilosa, Festuca drymeja, and Poa memoralis and
	Soil with strong mottling of the soil profile due to redox processes		herbs Dentaria bulbifera and Fragaria vesca
Stagnosol	caused by stagnating surface water, The topsoil can also be completely bleached (albic horizon). A common name in many national classification systems for most Stagnosols is	Meadow 49°00.658′N, 21°30.058′E	Carex sp., Lolium perenne, Fragaria vesca, Trifolium pratense, Plantago sp. Leucanthemum sp.
	pseudogley.	Agricultural field 49°00.727′N, 21°30.344′E	Zea mays monoculture

	Tŕnie Altitude 550 – 554 m a.s.l., slope 3 – 7°	Forest 48°36.712′N, 19°01.462′E	Carpinus betulus (75 %), Quercus robur (10 %), Tilia cordata (10 %), and sporadically Prunus avium Understory herbaceous vegetation dominated by Viola reichenbachiana, Geranium robertianum,
	Soil with a beginning of soil formation. The horizon differentiation is weak. This		Asarum europaeum, Luzula sylvatica, Galium odoratum, and Hedera helix.
Cambisol	is evident from weak, mostly brownish discolouration and/or structure formation in the soil profile. Cambisols are	Meadow 48°36.683′N, 19°01.494′E	Trifolium pratense, Agrimonia eupatoria, and grasses such as Carex sp., Poa sp., Dactylis glomerata, Trifolium pratense, Rumex acetosa
	developed in medium and fine-textured materials derived from
	a wide range of rocks, mostly in alluvial, colluvial and aeolian deposits.	Agricultural field N 48°36.660′N, E 19°01.503′E	Zea mays monoculture

	Močenok Altitude 135 – 180 m a.s.l.,	Forest 48°12.960′N,	Fraxinus excelsior (80 %), Quercus petraea (20 %), and sporadically Robinia pseudoacacia.
	slope 0 – 3° Black-colored soil containing a high percentage of humus (4 % to 16 %)	17°57.854′E	Understory vegetation dominated by grasses Poa nemoralis, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Melica uniflora, and Dactylis polygama
Chernozem	and high percentages of phosphoric cids, phosphorus, and ammonia. Chernozem is very fertile and can produce high agricultural yields with its high moisture storage capacity. Chernozems are also a reference soil group of the World reference	Meadow 49°00.339′N, 21°30.344′E	Carex sp., Phleum pratense, Arrhenatherum elatius, Trifolium pratense, Vicia sp., Rumex acetosa, Achillea millefolium
	base for soil resources	Agricultural field 49°00.339′N, 21°30.344′E	Zea mays monoculture

Spearman´s rank correlation coefficients between nematode abundance, species number, functional guild, microbial parameters and soil properties.

	pH/H₂O	SM	N	C	S	C/N
Nabund	0.35 P<0.01;	0.68 P<0.001; ns, not significant	0.42 P<0.001; ns, not significant	0.29 P<0.01;	ns	ns
Nspec	0.22 P<0.05;	ns	0.31 P<0.05;	0.37 P<0.001; ns, not significant	ns	ns
Ba₁	0.44 P<0.01;	ns	0.25 P<0.001; ns, not significant	0.22 P<0.05;	0.31 P<0.001; ns, not significant	ns
Ba₂	ns	-0.23 P<0.001; ns, not significant	ns	ns	ns	ns
Ba₃	0.54 P<0.001; ns, not significant	0.26 P<0.05;	0.44 P<0.001; ns, not significant	0.41 P<0.001; ns, not significant	0.42 P<0.001; ns, not significant	0.21 P<0.05;
Ba₄	0.43 P<0.001; ns, not significant	ns	0.30 P<0.001; ns, not significant	0.29 P<0.001; ns, not significant	0.30 P<0.001; ns, not significant	ns
Ca₃	0.44 P<0.001; ns, not significant	0.46 P<0.001; ns, not significant	0.39 P<0.001; ns, not significant	0.40 P<0.001; ns, not significant	0.39 P<0.001; ns, not significant	0.33 P<0.001; ns, not significant
Ca₄	0.41 P<0.001; ns, not significant	ns	0.21 P<0.05;	0.22 P<0.05;	0.22 P<0.01;	0.21 P<0.01;
Ca₅	ns	0.41 P<0.001; ns, not significant	0.35 P<0.05;	ns	0.36 P<0.05;	0.26 P<0.05;
Fu₂	0.55 P<0.001; ns, not significant	ns	0.35 P<0.001; ns, not significant	0.29 P<0.01;	0.37 P<0.001; ns, not significant	ns
Fu₃	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
Fu₄	0.39 P<0.001; ns, not significant	0.37 P<0.001; ns, not significant	0.29 P<0.001; ns, not significant	0.26 P<0.01;	0.27 P<0.01;	ns
Om₄	0.42 P<0.001; ns, not significant	ns	ns	ns	0.33 P<0.01;	ns
Om₅	0.38 P<0.001; ns, not significant	ns	0.21 P<0.05;	ns	0.23 P<0.01;	ns
Pp₂	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	-0.27 P<0.001; ns, not significant
Pp₃	0.47 P<0.001; ns, not significant	0.24 P<0.001; ns, not significant	ns	ns	ns	ns
Pp₅	0.39 P<0.001; ns, not significant	0.37 P<0.001; ns, not significant	0.28 P<0.001; ns, not significant	0.28 P<0.001; ns, not significant	0.29 P<0.01;	0.38 P<0.001; ns, not significant
Cmic	0.70 P<0.001; ns, not significant	0.39 P<0.001; ns, not significant	0.90 P<0.001; ns, not significant	0.91 P<0.001; ns, not significant	0.83 P<0.001; ns, not significant	0.51 P<0.001; ns, not significant
Richn	0.46 P<0.001; ns, not significant	ns	0.47 P<0.001; ns, not significant	0.45 P<0.001; ns, not significant	0.53 P<0.001; ns, not significant	ns
Diver	0.47 P<0.001; ns, not significant	ns	0.40 P<0.001; ns, not significant	0.38 P<0.001; ns, not significant	0.50 P<0.001; ns, not significant	ns

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The effect of soil type and ecosystems on the soil nematode and microbial communities

Published Online: May 23, 2020

Page range: 129 - 144

Received: Jul 11, 2019

Accepted: Feb 21, 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2020-0014

Keywords
soil trophic web, indicators, soil properties, nematodes, microbes, multivariate analysis

© 2020 M. Renčo, E. Gömöryová, A. Čerevková, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Fig. 1

Effects of ecosystem type (E), type of soil (S), sampling date (D), and their interactions on nematode abundance, functional guilds and microbial communities.

Effects of ecosystem type (E), type of soil (S), sampling date (D), and their interactions on nematode trophic-web descriptors.

Effects of ecosystem type (E), type of soil (S), sampling date (D), and their interactions on basic soil physical and chemical characteristics.

Soil type, location, ecosystem type, and vegetation characteristics of the study plots.

Spearman´s rank correlation coefficients between nematode abundance, species number, functional guild, microbial parameters and soil properties.

The effect of soil type and ecosystems on the soil nematode and microbial communities

Published Online: May 23, 2020

Page range: 129 - 144

Received: Jul 11, 2019

Accepted: Feb 21, 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2020-0014

Keywordssoil trophic web, indicators, soil properties, nematodes, microbes, multivariate analysis

© 2020 M. Renčo, E. Gömöryová, A. Čerevková, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Fig. 1

Effects of ecosystem type (E), type of soil (S), sampling date (D), and their interactions on nematode abundance, functional guilds and microbial communities.

Effects of ecosystem type (E), type of soil (S), sampling date (D), and their interactions on nematode trophic-web descriptors.

Effects of ecosystem type (E), type of soil (S), sampling date (D), and their interactions on basic soil physical and chemical characteristics.

Soil type, location, ecosystem type, and vegetation characteristics of the study plots.

Spearman´s rank correlation coefficients between nematode abundance, species number, functional guild, microbial parameters and soil properties.

Keywords
soil trophic web, indicators, soil properties, nematodes, microbes, multivariate analysis